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WP1066 induces cell death in a schwannomatosis patient-derived schwannoma cell line.

ABSTRACT: Schwannomatosis is a rare genetic disorder that predisposes individuals to development of multiple schwannomas mainly in spinal and peripheral nerves and to debilitating chronic pain often unrelated to any schwannoma. Pathogenic variants of two genes, SMARCB1 and LZTR1, are causal in familial cases. However, many schwannomatosis patients lack mutations in these genes. Surgery is the standard treatment for schwannomas but leaves patients with increasing neurological deficits. Pain management is a daily struggle controlled by the use of multiple analgesic and anti-inflammatory drugs. There is a need for both nonsurgical treatment to manage tumor growth and nonaddictive, nonsedative pain control. Because standard clinical trials are exceedingly difficult for patients with rare disorders, precision medicine approaches offer the possibility of bespoke therapeutic regimens to control tumor growth. As a proof of principle, we obtained a bio-specimen of paraspinal schwannoma from a schwannomatosis patient with a germline point mutation in the SMARCB1/INI gene. We created an hTERT immortalized cell line and tested the ability of targeted small molecules with efficacy in neurofibromatosis type 2-related schwannomas to reduce cell viability and induce cell death. We identified WP1066, a STAT3 inhibitor, currently in phase 2 clinical trials for pediatric and adult brain tumors as a lead compound. It reduced cell viability and STAT-3 phosphorylation and induced expression of markers for both necroptosis and caspase-dependent cell death. The results demonstrate feasibility in creating patient-derived cell lines for use in precision medicine studies.

SUBMITTER: Allaf A

PROVIDER: S-EPMC9235848 | biostudies-literature |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Project description:Bilateral vestibular schwannoma is the hallmark of NF2-related schwannomatosis, a rare tumour predisposition syndrome associated with a lifetime of surgical interventions, radiotherapy and off-label use of the anti-angiogenic drug bevacizumab. Unilateral vestibular schwannoma develops sporadically in non-NF2-related schwannomatosis patients for which there are no drug treatment options available. Tumour-infiltrating immune cells such as macrophages and T-cells correlate with increased vestibular schwannoma growth, which is suggested to be similar in sporadic and NF2-related schwannomatosis tumours. However, differences between NF2-related schwannomatosis and the more common sporadic disease include NF2-related schwannomatosis patients presenting an increased number of tumours, multiple tumour types and younger age at diagnosis. A comparison of the tumour microenvironment in sporadic and NF2-related schwannomatosis tumours is therefore required to underpin the development of immunotherapeutic targets, identify the possibility of extrapolating ex vivo data from sporadic vestibular schwannoma to NF2-related schwannomatosis and help inform clinical trial design with the feasibility of co-recruiting sporadic and NF2-related schwannomatosis patients. This study drew together bulk transcriptomic data from three published Affymetrix microarray datasets to compare the gene expression profiles of sporadic and NF2-related schwannomatosis vestibular schwannoma and subsequently deconvolved to predict the abundances of distinct tumour immune microenvironment populations. Data were validated using quantitative PCR and Hyperion imaging mass cytometry. Comparative bioinformatic analyses revealed close similarities in NF2-related schwannomatosis and sporadic vestibular schwannoma tumours across the three datasets. Significant inflammatory markers and signalling pathways were closely matched in NF2-related schwannomatosis and sporadic vestibular schwannoma, relating to the proliferation of macrophages, angiogenesis and inflammation. Bulk transcriptomic and imaging mass cytometry data identified macrophages as the most abundant immune population in vestibular schwannoma, comprising one-third of the cell mass in both NF2-related schwannomatosis and sporadic tumours. Importantly, there were no robust significant differences in signalling pathways, gene expression, cell type abundance or imaging mass cytometry staining between NF2-related schwannomatosis and sporadic vestibular schwannoma. These data indicate strong similarities in the tumour immune microenvironment of NF2-related schwannomatosis and sporadic vestibular schwannoma.

Project description:Schwannomatosis, a rare form of neurofibromatosis, is characterized predominantly by multiple, often painful, schwannomas throughout the peripheral nervous system. The current standard of care for schwannomatosis is surgical resection. A major obstacle to schwannomatosis research is the lack of robust tumor cell lines. There is a great need for mechanistic and drug discovery studies of schwannomatosis, yet appropriate tools are not currently available. Schwannomatosis tumors are difficult to grow in culture as they survive only a few passages before senescence. Our lab has extensive experience in establishing primary and immortalized human Schwann cell cultures from normal tissue that retain their phenotypes after immortalization. Therefore we took on the challenge of creating immortalized human Schwann cell lines derived from tumors from schwannomatosis patients. We have established and fully characterized 2 schwannomatosis cell lines from 2 separate patients using SV40 virus large T antigen. One patient reported pain and the other did not. The schwannomatosis cell lines were stained with S100B antibodies to confirm Schwann cell identity. The schwannomatosis cells also expressed the Schwann cell markers, p75NTR, S100B, and NGF after multiple passages. Cell morphology was retained following multiple passaging and freeze/ thaw cycles. Gene expression microarray analysis was used to compare the cell lines with their respective parent tumors. No differences in key genes were detected, with the exception that several cell cycle regulators were upregulated in the schwannomatosis cell lines when compared to their parent tumors. This upregulation was apparently a product of cell culturing, as the schwannomatosis cells exhibited the same expression pattern of cell cycle regulatory genes as normal primary human Schwann cells. Cell growth was also similar between normal primary and immortalized tumor cells in culture. Accurate cell lines derived directly from human tumors will serve as invaluable tools for advancing schwannomatosis research, including drug screening.

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WP1066 induces cell death in a schwannomatosis patient-derived schwannoma cell line.

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