Relationship Between Age at Menopause, Obesity, and Incident Heart Failure: The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study.
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SUBMITTER: Ebong IA
PROVIDER: S-EPMC9238466 | biostudies-literature |
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Project description:OBJECTIVE:This study aims to evaluate the associations of early menopause (menopause occurring before age 45 years) and age at menopause with incident heart failure (HF) in postmenopausal women. We also explored the associations of early menopause and age at menopause with left ventricular (LV) measures of structure and function in postmenopausal women. METHODS:We included 2,947 postmenopausal women, aged 45 to 84 years without known cardiovascular disease (2000-2002), from the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis. Cox proportional hazards models were used to examine the associations of early menopause and age at menopause with incident HF. In 2,123 postmenopausal women in whom cardiac magnetic resonance imaging was obtained at baseline, we explored the associations of early menopause and age at menopause with LV measures using multivariable linear regression. RESULTS:Across a median follow-up of 8.5 years, we observed 71 HF events. There were no significant interactions with ethnicity for incident HF (Pinteraction > 0.05). In adjusted analysis, early menopause was associated with an increased risk of incident HF (hazard ratio, 1.66; 95% CI, 1.01-2.73), whereas every 1-year increase in age at menopause was associated with a decreased risk of incident HF (hazard ratio, 0.96; 95% CI, 0.94-0.99). We observed significant interactions between early menopause and ethnicity for LV mass-to-volume ratio (LVMVR; Pinteraction = 0.02). In Chinese-American women, early menopause was associated with a higher LVMVR (+0.11; P = 0.0002), whereas every 1-year increase in age at menopause was associated with a lower LVMVR (-0.004; P = 0.04) at baseline. CONCLUSIONS:Older age at menopause is independently associated with a decreased risk of incident HF. Concentric LV remodeling, indicated by a higher LVMVR, is present in Chinese-American women who experienced early menopause at baseline.
| S-EPMC4031284 | biostudies-literature
Project description:To evaluate the strength of association of body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) with incident heart failure (HF), exploring our associations by ethnicity and age.6,809 participants, aged 45-84 years old, without clinical cardiovascular disease (2000-2002), from the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis were included. Cox-Proportional hazards models were used to examine associations of BMI and WC with incident HF. The predictive abilities of BMI and WC were compared using receiver operating characteristic curves.Over a median follow-up of 7.6 years, there were 176 cases. BMI and WC were associated with incident HF in men (1.33 [1.10-1.61] and 1.38 [1.18-1.62], respectively] and women (1.70 [1.33-2.17] and 1.64 [1.29-2.08], respectively). These associations became non-significant after adjusting for obesity-related conditions (hypertension, dysglycemia, hypercholesterolemia, left ventricular hypertrophy, kidney disease, and inflammation). The associations of BMI and WC did not vary significantly by ethnicity or age-group, but were inverse in Hispanic men. The area under the curve for BMI and WC was 0.749 and 0.750, respectively, in men and 0.782 and 0.777, respectively, in women.The association between obesity and incident HF is largely mediated by obesity-related conditions. BMI and WC have similar predictive abilities for incident HF.
| S-EPMC3664654 | biostudies-literature
Project description:This study was designed to assess the relationship between insulin resistance and incident heart failure (HF) in a community-based cohort.Diabetes mellitus increases the risk for HF, but the association between insulin resistance and HF in individuals without diabetes is unclear.We prospectively analyzed 12,606 participants without diabetes mellitus, prevalent HF, or history of myocardial infarction at baseline (1987 to 1989) from the ARIC (Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities) study. We assessed the relationship between insulin resistance and incident HF using the homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) equation, adjusting for age, sex, race, body mass index, smoking, hypertension, center, and interim myocardial infarction. We tested for interactions by age, sex, obesity, and race.Participants with insulin resistance, defined as HOMA-IR ≥2.5 (n = 4,810, 39%), were older, more likely female, African American, hypertensive, and had a higher body mass index as compared with those without insulin resistance. There were 1,455 incident HF cases during a median of 20.6 years of follow-up. Insulin resistance defined by this threshold was not significantly associated with an increased risk for incident HF after adjustment (hazard ratio: 1.08, 95% confidence interval: 0.95 to 1.23). However, when analyzed continuously, this relationship was nonlinear, which indicated that risk increased, and was significantly associated with incident HF between HOMA-IR of 1.0 to 2.0, adjusting for baseline covariates; however, values over 2.5 were not associated with additional increased risk in adjusted models.In a community cohort, insulin resistance, defined by lower levels of HOMA-IR than previously considered, was associated with an increased risk for HF.
| S-EPMC3893700 | biostudies-other
Project description:Background The prevalence of hypertension subtypes changes with age. However, little is known regarding the age-dependent association of hypertension subtypes with incident heart failure (HF). Methods and Results We conducted an observational cohort study including 2 612 570 people (mean age, 44.0 years; 55.0% men). No participants were taking blood pressure-lowering medications or had a known history of cardiovascular disease. Participants were categorized as aged 20 to 49 years (n=1 825 756), 50 to 59 years (n=571 574), or 60 to 75 years (n=215 240). We defined stage 1 hypertension as systolic blood pressure (SBP) 130 to 139 mm Hg or diastolic blood pressure (DBP) 80 to 89 mm Hg and stage 2 hypertension as SBP ≥140 mm Hg or DBP ≥90 mm Hg. Among participants with stage 2 hypertension, isolated diastolic hypertension was defined as SBP <140 mm Hg and DBP ≥90 mm Hg, isolated systolic hypertension as SBP ≥140 mm Hg and DBP <90 mm Hg, and systolic diastolic hypertension as SBP ≥140 mm Hg and DBP ≥90 mm Hg. During a mean follow-up of 1205±934 days, 43 415 HF, 4807 myocardial infarction, 45 365 angina pectoris, 22 179 stroke, and 10 420 atrial fibrillation events occurred. Although the incidence of HF and other cardiovascular disease events increased with age, hazard ratios and relative risk reductions of each hypertension subtype for HF decreased with age. An age-dependent relationship between hypertension subtypes and incident HF was similarly observed in both men and women. Conclusions The contribution of isolated diastolic hypertension, isolated systolic hypertension, and systolic diastolic hypertension to the development of HF and other cardiovascular disease events was attenuated with age, suggesting that preventive efforts for blood pressure control could provide a greater benefit in younger individuals.
| S-EPMC9238621 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Aims/hypothesisElevated circulating growth differentiation factor-15 (GDF-15), a marker of cellular stress, is associated with both heart failure (HF) and diabetes. However, it is unclear to what extent GDF-15 is associated with HF among individuals with and without diabetes.MethodsWe evaluated 10,570 participants free of HF at Visit 3 (1993-1995) of the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities study. We used Cox regression to evaluate the joint associations of GDF-15 and diabetes with incident HF. Models were adjusted for traditional cardiovascular risk factors.ResultsAmong a total of 10,570 individuals (mean age of 60.0 years, 54% women, 27% black adults), elevated GDF-15 (≥75th percentile) was more common in people with diabetes compared with those without diabetes (32.8% vs 23.6%, p<0.0001). During 23 years of follow-up, there were 2429 incident HF events. GDF-15 (in quartiles) was independently associated with HF among those with and without diabetes, with a stronger association among individuals with diabetes (p-for-diabetes-GDF-15 interaction = 0.034): HR for highest vs lowest GDF-15 quartile (reference): 1.64 (95% CI 1.41, 1.91) among those without diabetes and 1.72 (95% CI 1.32, 2.23) among those with diabetes. Individuals with diabetes and elevated GDF-15 had the highest risk of incident HF (HR 2.46; 95% CI 1.99, 3.03). After accounting for HF risk factors, GDF-15 provided additional prognostic information among participants with diabetes (ΔC statistic for model with vs model without GDF-15: +0.008, p = 0.001) and among those without diabetes (+0.006, p<0.0001).Conclusions/interpretationIn a community-based sample of US adults, GDF-15 provided complementary prognostic information on the HF risk, especially among individuals with diabetes.
| S-EPMC9081127 | biostudies-literature
Project description:ObjectivesThis study assessed the association of diabetes duration with incident heart failure (HF).BackgroundDiabetes increases HF risk. However, the independent effect of diabetes duration on incident HF is unknown.MethodsWe included 9,734 participants (mean age 63 years, 58% women, 22% Black) at ARIC (Atherosclerosis Risk In Communities) Visit 4 (1996-1998) without HF or coronary heart disease. We calculated diabetes duration at Visit 4 (baseline), utilizing diabetes status at the first 4 ARIC visits spaced 3 years apart, and self-reported diagnosis date for those with diabetes diagnosed before Visit 1. We used Cox regression to estimate associations of diabetes duration with incident HF, accounting for intercurrent coronary heart disease and other risk factors. We performed analyses stratified by age (<65 years or ≥65 years), race, sex, and glycemic control (hemoglobin A1C [HbA1C] consistently <7%, vs HbA1C ≥7%), with tests for interaction.ResultsOver 22.5 years of follow-up, there were 1,968 HF events. Compared to those without diabetes, HF risk rose with longer diabetes duration, with the highest risk among those with ≥15 y diabetes duration (HR: 2.82; 95% CI: 2.25-3.63). Each 5-year increase in diabetes duration was associated with a 17% (95% CI: 11-22) relative increase in HF risk. Similar results were observed across HF subtypes. The HF and diabetes duration associations were stronger among those aged <65 years, those with HbA1C ≥7%, those with a body mass index ≥30 kg/m2, women, and Blacks (all P interactions <0.05).ConclusionsDelaying diabetes onset may augment HF prevention efforts, and therapies to improve HF outcomes might target those with long diabetes duration.
| S-EPMC8629143 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundA simple and effective heart failure (HF) risk score would facilitate the primary prevention and early diagnosis of HF in general practice. We examined the external validity of existing HF risk scores, optimized a 10-year HF risk function, and examined the incremental value of several biomarkers, including N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide.Methods and resultsDuring 15.5 years (210 102 person-years of follow-up), 1487 HF events were recorded among 13 555 members of the biethnic Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study cohort. The area under curve from the Framingham-published, Framingham-recalibrated, Health ABC HF recalibrated, and ARIC risk scores were 0.610, 0.762, 0.783, and 0.797, respectively. On addition of N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide, the optimism-corrected area under curve of the ARIC HF risk score increased from 0.773 (95% CI, 0.753-0.787) to 0.805 (95% CI, 0.792-0.820). Inclusion of N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide improved the overall classification of recalibrated Framingham, recalibrated Health ABC, and ARIC risk scores by 18%, 12%, and 13%, respectively. In contrast, cystatin C or high-sensitivity C-reactive protein did not add toward incremental risk prediction.ConclusionsThe ARIC HF risk score is more parsimonious yet performs slightly better than the extant risk scores in predicting 10-year risk of incident HF. The inclusion of N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide markedly improves HF risk prediction. A simplified risk score restricted to a patient's age, race, sex, and N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide performs comparably to the full score (area under curve, 0.745) and is suitable for automated reporting from laboratory panels and electronic medical records.
| S-EPMC3412686 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Background and aimsLipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] is a proatherogenic lipoprotein associated with coronary heart disease, ischemic stroke, and more recently aortic stenosis and heart failure (HF). We examined the association of Lp(a) levels with incident HF hospitalization in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study. We also assessed the relationship between Lp(a) levels and arterial stiffness as a potential mechanism for development of HF.MethodsLp(a) was measured in 14,154 ARIC participants without prevalent HF at ARIC visit 1 (1987-1989). The association of Lp(a) quintiles with incident HF hospitalization was assessed using Cox proportional-hazards models. Arterial stiffness parameters were stratified based on Lp(a) quintiles, and p-trend was calculated across ordered groups.ResultsAt a median follow-up of 23.4 years, there were 2605 incident HF hospitalizations. Lp(a) levels were directly associated with incident HF hospitalization in models adjusted for age, race, gender, systolic blood pressure, history of hypertension, diabetes, smoking status, body mass index, heart rate, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (quintile 5 vs. quintile 1: hazard ratio [HR] 1.24, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.09-1.41; p-trend across increasing quintiles <0.01), but not after excluding prevalent and incident myocardial infarction cases (HR 1.07, 95% CI 0.91-1.27; p-trend = 0.70). When adjusted for age, gender, and race, Lp(a) quintiles were not significantly associated with arterial stiffness parameters.ConclusionsIncreased Lp(a) levels were associated with increased risk of incident HF hospitalization. After excluding prevalent and incident myocardial infarction, the association was no longer significant. Lp(a) levels were not associated with arterial stiffness parameters.
| S-EPMC5523851 | biostudies-literature
Project description:AimsThere are limited data examining whether body mass index (BMI) influences the association between cardiovascular biomarkers and incident heart failure (HF).Methods and resultsThirteen biomarkers representing key HF domains were measured: N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP), mid-regional pro-A-type natriuretic peptide (MR-proANP), cardiac troponin T (cTnT), C-reactive protein, procalcitonin, galectin-3, C-terminal pro-endothelin-1 (CT-proET-1), mid-regional pro-adrenomedullin, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, copeptin, renin, aldosterone, and cystatin-C. Associations of biomarkers with BMI were examined using linear regression models, and with incident HF using Cox regression models. We selected biomarkers significantly associated with incident HF, and evaluated whether BMI modified these associations. Among 8202 individuals, 41% were overweight (BMI 25-30 kg/m2 ), and 16% were obese (BMI ≥30 kg/m2 ). Mean age of the cohort was 49 years (range 28-75), and 50% were women. All biomarkers except renin were associated with BMI: inverse associations were observed with NT-proBNP, MR-proANP, CT-proET-1 and aldosterone whereas positive associations were observed with the remaining biomarkers (all P ≤ 0.001). During 11.3 ± 3.1 years of follow-up, 357 HF events were recorded. Only NT-proBNP, MR-proANP and cTnT remained associated with incident HF (P < 0.001), and a significant biomarker*BMI interaction was not observed (interaction P > 0.1). Combined NT-proBNP and cTnT measurements modestly improved performance metrics of the clinical HF model in overweight (ΔC-statistic = 0.024; likelihood ratio χ2 = 38; P < 0.001) and obese (ΔC-statistic = 0.020; likelihood ratio χ2 = 32; P < 0.001) individuals.ConclusionsPlasma concentrations of several cardiovascular biomarkers are influenced by obesity. Only NT-proBNP, MR-proANP and cTnT were associated with incident HF, and BMI did not modify these associations. A combination of NT-proBNP and cTnT improves HF risk prediction in overweight and obese individuals.
| S-EPMC8247970 | biostudies-literature
Project description:AimsIncreasing carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) is associated with incident heart failure (HF). We investigated whether this association differs by diabetes status.MethodsWe characterized 13,590 Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study participants free of baseline HF into normal fasting glucose (NFG, glucose <100mg/dl), impaired fasting glucose (IFG, glucose 100-125mg/dl), and type 2 diabetes (T2D, glucose ≥126mg/dl, self-report, or use of diabetes drugs). CIMT was assessed by B-mode ultrasound. Incident HF was defined using ICD-9 or 10 codes from hospitalizations and death certificates. Cox regression was used to estimate hazard ratios (HR) for incident HF, adjusting for age, sex, race, education, hypertension medication, blood pressure, BMI, waist circumference, HDL, LDL, triglycerides, lipid-lowering medication, smoking, alcohol, serum creatinine, and interim CHD.ResultsT2D participants had higher mean CIMT (0.79±0.20mm), compared to IFG (0.75±0.19mm) and NFG (0.70±0.17mm) (p<0.0001). Over 20.6years of median follow-up, 15% developed HF. Rates of HF (per 1000 person-years) were substantially higher for those with T2D (24.7), compared to IFG (7.7) and NFG (5.8). In adjusted analyses, the CIMT-HF association was significantly modified by diabetes status (Pinteraction=0.015): for NFG (HR per SD increase in CIMT: 1.27; 95%CI: 1.20-1.34), IFG (HR 1.18; 95%CI: 1.11-1.25) and T2D (HR 1.12; 95%CI: 1.05-1.21).ConclusionsCIMT is associated with increased risk of HF, particularly among persons without diabetes. Due to a high absolute risk of HF among adults with T2D, CIMT may be a less reliable predictor.
| S-EPMC5501651 | biostudies-literature