Plasma Total Homocysteine Level Is Related to Unfavorable Outcomes in Ischemic Stroke With Atrial Fibrillation.
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SUBMITTER: Nam KW
PROVIDER: S-EPMC9238578 | biostudies-literature |
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Project description:Background To clarify differences in clinical significance of intracardiac thrombi in nonvalvular atrial fibrillation-associated stroke as identified by transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) and transthoracic echocardiography (TTE). Methods and Results Using patient data on nonvalvular atrial fibrillation-associated ischemic stroke between 2011 and 2014 from 15 South Korean stroke centers (n=4841) and 18 Japanese centers (n=1192), implementation rates of TEE/TTE, and detection rates of intracardiac thrombi at each center were correlated. The primary outcome was recurrent ischemic stroke at 1 year after the onset. A total of 5648 patients (median age, 75 years; 2650 women) were analyzed. Intracardiac thrombi were detected in 75 patients (1.3%) overall. Thrombi were detected in 7.8% of patients with TEE (either TEE alone or TEE+TTE: n=679) and in 0.6% of those with TTE alone (n=3572). Thrombus detection rates varied between 0% and 14.3% among centers. As TEE implementation rates at each center increased from 0% to 56.7%, thrombus detection rates increased linearly (detection rate [%]=0.11×TEE rate [%]+1.09 [linear regression], P<0.01). TTE implementation rates (32.3%-100%) were not associated with thrombus detection rates (P=0.53). Intracardiac thrombi were associated with risk of recurrent ischemic stroke overall (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] 2.35, 95% CI, 1.07-5.16). Thrombus-associated ischemic stroke risk was high in patients with TEE (aHR, 3.13; 95% CI, 1.17-8.35), but not in those with TTE alone (aHR, 0.89; 95% CI, 0.12-6.51). Conclusions Our data suggest clinical relevance of TEE for accurate detection and risk stratification of intracardiac thrombi in nonvalvular atrial fibrillation-associated stroke. Registration URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov; Unique identifier: NCT01581502.
| S-EPMC8751927 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Background and purposeAtrial fibrillation (AF) is a leading cause of cardioembolic stroke, but the relationship between AF and noncardioembolic stroke subtypes are unclear. Because AF may be unrecognized, and because AF has a substantial genetic basis, we assessed for predisposition to AF across ischemic stroke subtypes.MethodsWe examined associations between AF genetic risk and Trial of Org 10172 in Acute Stroke Treatment stroke subtypes in 2374 ambulatory individuals with ischemic stroke and 5175 without from the Wellcome Trust Case-Control Consortium 2 using logistic regression. We calculated AF genetic risk scores using single-nucleotide polymorphisms associated with AF in a previous independent analysis across a range of preselected significance thresholds.ResultsThere were 460 (19.4%) individuals with cardioembolic stroke, 498 (21.0%) with large vessel, 474 (20.0%) with small vessel, and 814 (32.3%) individuals with strokes of undetermined cause. Most AF genetic risk scores were associated with stroke, with the strongest association (P=6×10-4) attributed to scores of 944 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (each associated with AF at P<1×10-3 in a previous analysis). Associations between AF genetic risk and stroke were enriched in the cardioembolic stroke subset (strongest P=1.2×10-9, 944 single-nucleotide polymorphism score). In contrast, AF genetic risk was not significantly associated with noncardioembolic stroke subtypes.ConclusionsComprehensive AF genetic risk scores were specific for cardioembolic stroke. Incomplete workups and subtype misclassification may have limited the power to detect associations with strokes of undetermined pathogenesis. Future studies are warranted to determine whether AF genetic risk is a useful biomarker to enhance clinical discrimination of stroke pathogeneses.
| S-EPMC7438180 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Background There is insufficient evidence on the effect of statins, particularly high-intensity statins, in patients with acute ischemic stroke and atrial fibrillation. We investigated the impact of statins on the outcomes in these patients, including those who might be vulnerable to statin therapy and those without clinical atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases. Methods and Results A total of 2153 patients with acute ischemic stroke and atrial fibrillation were enrolled in the present nationwide, multicenter, cohort study. The primary composite end point was the occurrence of net adverse clinical and cerebral events (NACCE; death from any cause, stroke, acute coronary syndrome, or major bleeding) over a 3-year period based on statin intensity. NACCE rates were lower in patients receiving low- to moderate-intensity (adjusted hazard ratio 0.64; 95% CI: 0.52-0.78) and high-intensity statins (hazard ratio 0.51; 95% CI 0.40-0.66) than in those not receiving statin therapy. High-intensity statins were associated with a lower risk for NACCE than low- to moderate-intensity statins (hazard ratio 0.76; 95% CI 0.59-0.96). Subgroup analyses showed that the differences in hazard ratio for 3-year NACCE favored statin use across all subgroups, including older patients, those with low cholesterol levels, patients receiving anticoagulants, and patients without clinical atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases. Magnified benefits of high-intensity statins compared with low- to moderate-intensity statins were observed in patients who underwent revascularization therapy and those under 75 years of age. Conclusions Statins, particularly high-intensity statins, could reduce the risk for NACCE in patients with acute ischemic stroke and atrial fibrillation; this needs to be further explored in randomized controlled trials.
| S-EPMC6951051 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Stroke prevention is central to the management of patients with atrial fibrillation (AF). Vitamin K antagonists (VKAs) are the established and long-standing option for stroke prevention therapy in patients with AF. However, non-VKA oral anticoagulants (NOACs) have recently been developed and demonstrated non-inferior efficacy vs VKA treatment, with fewer limitations in clinical practice and with reduced risks of major bleeding. In order to discuss the usage, efficacy and safety of NOACs, a satellite symposium was held at the Cardiostim/ EHRA Europace Congress in Nice in June 2014. At present, three NOACs, a direct thrombin inhibitor (dabigatran) and two direct factor Xa inhibitors (rivaroxaban and apixaban) have been approved in Europe for stroke prevention in patients with AF. In addition, the once-daily factor Xa inhibitor edoxaban has recently been evaluated in this setting in the phase III Effective Anticoagulation with Factor Xa Next Generation in Atrial Fibrillation - Thrombolysis In Myocardial Infarction Study 48 (ENGAGE AF-TIMI 48) that compared edoxaban 30 mg once daily (low-dose regimen) with dose-adjusted warfarin (international normalised ratio 2.0-3.0). ENGAGE AF-TIMI 48 was the largest trial with a NOAC to date, and demonstrated that both dosing regimens of once-daily edoxaban were non-inferior to well-managed warfarin treatment for the prevention of stroke or systemic embolism and also provided significant reductions in the risk of haemorrhagic stroke, cardiovascular mortality, major bleeding and intracranial bleeding. In summary, the recent availability of NOACs has enabled physicians to avoid the limitations of VKA therapy in clinical practice and tailor anticoagulant treatment to the individual patient. However, worldwide usage of oral anticoagulant therapy remains suboptimal compared with guideline recommendations, and further dissemination of its benefits may prove helpful.
| S-EPMC4711502 | biostudies-other
Project description:BACKGROUND:Atrial fibrillation (AF) shares several risk factors with atherosclerosis. We investigated the association between total carotid plaque number (TPN) and long-term prognosis in ischemic stroke patients with AF. METHODS:A total of 392 ischemic stroke patients with AF who underwent carotid ultrasonography were enrolled. TPN was assessed using B-mode ultrasound. The patients were categorized into two groups according to best cutoff values for TPN (TPN ? 4 vs. TPN ? 5). The long-term risk of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) and mortality according to TPN was investigated using a Cox hazard model. RESULTS:After a mean follow-up of 2.42 years, 113 patients (28.8%) had developed MACE and 88 patients (22.4%) had died. MACE occurred more frequently in the TPN ? 5 group than in the TPN ? 4 group (adjusted hazard ratio [HR], 1.50; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.01-2.21; p < 0.05). Moreover, the TPN ? 5 group showed an increased risk of all-cause mortality (adjusted HR, 2.69; 95% CI, 1.40-5.17; p < 0.05). TPN along with maximal plaque thickness and intima media thickness showed improved prognostic utility when added to the variables of the CHAD2DS2-VASc score. CONCLUSION:TPN can predict the long-term outcome of ischemic stroke patients with AF. Adding TPN to the CHAD2DS2-VASc score increases the predictability of outcome after stroke.
| S-EPMC6912335 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Atrial fibrillation is the most common cardiac arrhythmia mainly caused by valvular, ischemic, hypertensive, and myopathic heart disease. Atrial fibrillation can occur in families suggesting a genetic background especially in younger subjects. Additionally recent studies have identified common genetic variants to be associated with atrial fibrillation in the general population. This cardiac arrhythmia has important public health implications because of its main complications: congestive heart failure and ischemic stroke. Since atrial fibrillation can result in ischemic stroke, one might assume that genetic determinants of this cardiac arrhythmia are also implicated in cerebrovascular disease. Ischemic stroke is a multifactorial, complex disease where multiple environmental and genetic factors interact. Whether genetic variants associated with a risk factor for ischemic stroke also increase the risk of a particular vascular endpoint still needs to be confirmed in many cases. Here we review the current knowledge on the genetic background of atrial fibrillation and the consequences for cerebrovascular disease.
| S-EPMC3148589 | biostudies-literature
Project description:IntroductionCardioembolic (CE) risks is usually considered as the main mechanism of ischemic stroke in non-valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF) patients. However, a substantial number of ischemic strokes in NVAF patients are related to non-CE mechanisms. The aim of this study was to investigate the non-CE risk factors in ischemic stroke patients had NVAF.MethodsWe included 401 patients (65.6% male, 68.6 ± 9.6 years old) who had been hospitalized due to ischemic stroke and had a known or newly diagnosed NVAF. The CE (intracardiac thrombus, dense spontaneous echo contrast, or low left atrial appendage flow velocity) and non-CE (complex aortic plaque, significant carotid stenosis, or intracranial arterial stenosis) risk factors were investigated at the time of the index stroke.ResultsThe number of CE and non-CE risk factors increased with increasing CHA2DS2-VASc scores (p for trends < 0.001). The presence of CE risk factors was independently associated with persistent atrial fibrillation (p < 0.001), body mass index (p = 0.003), heart failure (p = 0.003), and left atrial volume index (p < 0.001). In contrast, the presence of non-CE risk factors was independently associated with age (p < 0.001), hypertension (p = 0.049), diabetes (p = 0.030), and coronary artery calcium score (CACS; p < 0.001). CACS had the added value in predicting non-CE risk factors of ischemic stroke regardless of the CHA2DS2-VASc risk category (p < 0.001).ConclusionNon-CE risk factors in ischemic stroke patients with NVAF are associated with high CHA2DS2-VASc score and CACS. Atherosclerotic non-CE risk factors should be considered as potential mechanisms of stroke even in patients with AF-associated ischemic stroke.
| S-EPMC6054400 | biostudies-literature
Project description:ObjectiveTo evaluate trends in atrial fibrillation (AF) prevalence in acute ischemic stroke (AIS) and TIA in the United States.MethodsWe used the Nationwide Inpatient Sample to retrospectively compute weighted prevalence of AF in AIS (n = 4,355,140) and TIA (n = 1,816,459) patients admitted to US hospitals from 2004 to 2013. Multivariate-adjusted models were used to evaluate the association of AF with clinical factors, mortality, length of stay, and cost.ResultsFrom 2004 to 2013, AF prevalence increased by 22% in AIS (20%-24%) and by 38% in TIA (12%-17%). AF prevalence varied by age (AIS: 6% in 50-59 vs 37% in ≥80 years; TIA: 4% in 50-59 vs 24% in ≥80 years), sex (AIS: male 19% vs female 25%; TIA: male 15% vs female 14%), race (AIS: white 26% vs black 12%), and region (AIS: Northeast 25% vs South 20%). Advancing age, female sex, white race, high income, and large hospital size were associated with increased odds of AF in AIS. AF in AIS was a risk factor for in-hospital death (odds ratio 1.93, 95% confidence interval 1.89-1.98) but mortality in AIS with AF decreased from 11.6% to 8.3% (p < 0.001). Compared to no AF, AF was associated with increased cost of $2,310 and length of stay 1.1 days in AIS.ConclusionsAF prevalence in AIS and TIA has continued to increase. Disparity in AF prevalence in AIS and TIA exists by patient and hospital factors. AF is associated with increased mortality in AIS. Innovative AIS preventive strategies are needed in patients with AF, especially in the elderly.
| S-EPMC5109948 | biostudies-literature
Project description:ObjectiveThe aim was to evaluate, in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) and acute ischemic stroke, the association of prior anticoagulation with vitamin K antagonists (VKAs) or direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) with stroke severity, utilization of intravenous thrombolysis (IVT), safety of IVT, and 3-month outcomes.MethodsThis was a cohort study of consecutive patients (2014-2019) on anticoagulation versus those without (controls) with regard to stroke severity, rates of IVT/mechanical thrombectomy, symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (sICH), and favorable outcome (modified Rankin Scale score 0-2) at 3 months.ResultsOf 8,179 patients (mean [SD] age, 79.8 [9.6] years; 49% women), 1,486 (18%) were on VKA treatment, 1,634 (20%) on DOAC treatment at stroke onset, and 5,059 controls. Stroke severity was lower in patients on DOACs (median National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale 4, [interquartile range 2-11]) compared with VKA (6, [2-14]) and controls (7, [3-15], p < 0.001; quantile regression: β -2.1, 95% confidence interval [CI] -2.6 to -1.7). The IVT rate in potentially eligible patients was significantly lower in patients on VKA (156 of 247 [63%]; adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 0.67; 95% CI 0.50-0.90) and particularly in patients on DOACs (69 of 464 [15%]; aOR 0.06; 95% CI 0.05-0.08) compared with controls (1,544 of 2,504 [74%]). sICH after IVT occurred in 3.6% (2.6-4.7%) of controls, 9 of 195 (4.6%; 1.9-9.2%; aOR 0.93; 95% CI 0.46-1.90) patients on VKA and 2 of 65 (3.1%; 0.4-10.8%, aOR 0.56; 95% CI 0.28-1.12) of those on DOACs. After adjustments for prognostic confounders, DOAC pretreatment was associated with a favorable 3-month outcome (aOR 1.24; 1.01-1.51).InterpretationPrior DOAC therapy in patients with AF was associated with decreased admission stroke severity at onset and a remarkably low rate of IVT. Overall, patients on DOAC might have better functional outcome at 3 months. Further research is needed to overcome potential restrictions for IVT in patients taking DOACs. ANN NEUROL 2021;89:42-53.
| S-EPMC7756294 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Atrial fibrillation (AF) is reported to be a less frequent cause of ischemic stroke in China than in Europe and North America, but it is not clear whether this is due to underestimation. Our aim was to define the true frequency of AF-associated stroke, to determine the yield of 6-day Holter ECG to detect AF in Chinese stroke patients, and to elucidate predictors of newly detected AF.Patients with acute ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack (TIA) were enrolled in a prospective, multicenter cohort study of 6-day Holter monitoring within 7 days after stroke onset at 20 sites in China between 2013 and 2015. Independent predictors of newly-detected AF were determined by multivariate analysis.Among 1511 patients with ischemic stroke and TIA (mean age 63 years, 33.1% women), 305 (20.2%) had either previously known (196, 13.0%) or AF newly-detected by electrocardiography (53, 3.5%) or by 6-day Holter monitoring (56/1262, 4.4%). A history of heart failure (OR?=?4.70, 95%CI, 1.64-13.5), advanced age (OR?=?1.06, 95%CI, 1.04-1.09), NIHSS at admission (OR?=?1.06, 95%CI, 1.02-1.10), blood high density lipoprotein (HDL) (OR?=?1.52, 95%CI, 1.09-2.13), together with blood triglycerides (OR?=?0.64, 95%CI, 0.45-0.91) were independently associated with newly-detected AF.Contrary to previous reports, AF-associated stroke is frequent (20%) in China if systemically sought. Prolonged noninvasive cardiac rhythm monitoring importantly increases AF detection in patients with recent ischemic stroke and TIA in China. Advanced age, history of heart failure, and higher admission NIHSS and higher level of HDL were independent indicators of newly-detected AF.NCT02156765 (June 5, 2014).
| S-EPMC5715624 | biostudies-literature