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Angiotensin Receptor Neprilysin Inhibition and Associated Outcomes by Race and Ethnicity in Patients With Heart Failure With Reduced Ejection Fraction: Data From CHAMP-HF.

ABSTRACT: Background There are limited data on the use of angiotensin receptor neprilysin inhibitors (ARNIs) in minority populations with heart failure (HF) with reduced ejection fraction. We used data from the CHAMP-HF (Change the Management of Patients With Heart Failure) registry to evaluate ARNI initiation and associated changes in health status and clinical outcomes across different races and ethnicities. Methods and Results CHAMP-HF was a prospective, observational registry of US outpatients with chronic HF with reduced ejection fraction. We compared patients starting ARNI with patients not starting ARNI using a propensity-matched analysis. Patients were grouped as Hispanic, non-Hispanic Black, non-Hispanic White, or non-Hispanic other individuals, where "non-Hispanic other" consists of all patients who did not identify as Hispanic, Black, or White. Health status was assessed using the 12-item Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire. Outcomes were analyzed with multivariable models that included race and ethnicity, ARNI initiation, and an interaction term between race and ethnicity and ARNI initiation. Cox proportional hazards models were used for death/HF hospitalization, and multiple regression was used for change in Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire score. The analysis included 1516 patients, with 758 patients in each group (ARNI and no ARNI). Changes in Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire score after ARNI initiation were similar among all race and ethnicity groups (mean [SD], non-Hispanic White individuals, 3.5 [19.0]; non-Hispanic Black individuals, 2.0 [17.0]; non-Hispanic other individuals, 5.5 [20.3]; and Hispanic individuals, 3.2 [20.1]), with no statistically significant interaction between race and ethnicity and ARNI initiation (P=0.21). There was similarly no statistically significant interaction between race and ethnicity and ARNI initiation for HF hospitalization (P=0.82) or all-cause mortality (P=0.92). Conclusions In a large registry of outpatients with HF with reduced ejection fraction, the association between ARNI initiation and outcomes did not differ by race and ethnicity. These data support the use of ARNI therapy for chronic HF with reduced ejection fraction irrespective of race and ethnicity.

SUBMITTER: Chapman B

PROVIDER: S-EPMC9238653 | biostudies-literature |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Project description:BackgroundLifetime risk of heart failure has been estimated to range from 20% to 46% in diverse sex and race groups. However, lifetime risk estimates for the 2 HF phenotypes, HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) and HF with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF), are not known.MethodsParticipant-level data from 2 large prospective cohort studies, the CHS (Cardiovascular Health Study) and MESA (Multiethnic Study of Atherosclerosis), were pooled, excluding individuals with prevalent HF at baseline. Remaining lifetime risk estimates for HFpEF (EF ≥45%) and HFrEF (EF <45%) were determined at different index ages with the use of a modified Kaplan-Meier method with mortality and the other HF subtype as competing risks.ResultsWe included 12 417 participants >45 years of age (22.2% blacks, 44.8% men) who were followed up for median duration of 11.6 years with 2178 overall incident HF events with 561 HFrEF events and 726 HFpEF events. At the index age of 45 years, the lifetime risk for any HF through 90 years of age was higher in men than women (27.4% versus 23.8%). Among HF subtypes, the lifetime risk for HFrEF was higher in men than women (10.6% versus 5.8%). In contrast, the lifetime risk for HFpEF was similar in men and women. In race-stratified analyses, lifetime risk for overall HF was higher in nonblacks than blacks (25.9% versus 22.4%). Among HF subtypes, the lifetime risk for HFpEF was higher in nonblacks than blacks (11.2% versus 7.7%), whereas that for HFrEF was similar across the 2 groups. Among participants with antecedent myocardial infarction before HF diagnosis, the remaining lifetime risks for HFpEF and HFrEF were up to 2.5-fold and 4-fold higher, respectively, compared with those without antecedent myocardial infarction.ConclusionsLifetime risks for HFpEF and HFrEF vary by sex, race, and history of antecedent myocardial infarction. These insights into the distribution of HF risk and its subtypes could inform the development of targeted strategies to improve population-level HF prevention and control.

Project description:Background Randomized clinical trials in populations with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction may not be reflective of the general population with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction. Our study assessed the representativeness of the GALACTIC-HF (Global Approach to Lowering Adverse Cardiac Outcomes Through Improving Contractility in Heart Failure) patient population in Kaiser Permanente Southern California. Methods and Results We identified 9770 patients with a diagnosis of heart failure with reduced ejection fraction from 2014 to 2018 using electronic health records. Four mutually exclusive cohorts were created, including GALACTIC-HF-ineligible cohorts: (1) not taking guideline-directed medical therapy (GDMT) and (2) taking GDMT; and GALACTIC-HF-eligible cohorts with: (3) ejection fraction (EF) ≤28% and (4) EF 29% to 35%. Patients were followed for 30-day and 1-year mortality and 30-day, 180-day, and 1-year hospitalization. Overall, 3626 (37.1%) met GALACTIC-HF inclusion criteria with EF ≤35%, and 2367 (65.3%) of those individuals had EF ≤28%. The risk of 1-year mortality was lower among all cohorts versus the GALACTIC-HF-ineligible cohort not taking GDMT (hazard ratio, 0.80 [95% CI, 0.70-0.91], 0.84 [95% CI, 0.72-0.98], and 0.62 [95% CI, 0.51-0.75] for the GALACTIC-HF-ineligible cohort taking GDMT and GALACTIC-HF-eligible cohorts with EF ≤28% and 29%-35%, respectively). Compared with the GALACTIC-HF-ineligible cohort not taking GDMT, the short-term hospitalization risk at 30 and 180 days were similar for both GALACTIC-HF-eligible cohorts and the hospitalization risk at 1 year was similar for the GALACTIC-HF-eligible cohort with EF ≤28%. Conclusions A large portion of patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction with low EF met inclusion criteria for the GALACTIC-HF trial and, despite being on GDMT, had hospitalization rates similar to those not taking GDMT, suggesting potential benefits from other innovative treatments.

Project description:BackgroundIn heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF), elevated soluble neprilysin (sNEP) levels are associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular death, and its inhibition with sacubitril/valsartan has improved survival.ObjectivesThis study sought to determine the relevance of sNEP as a biomarker in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) and to compare circulating sNEP levels in patients with HFpEF with normal controls.MethodsA case-control study was performed in 242 symptomatic patients with HFpEF previously enrolled in the Phosphodiesterase-5 Inhibition to Improve Clinical Status and Exercise Capacity in Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction (RELAX) and Nitrates's Effect on Activity Tolerance in Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection (NEAT-HFpEF) clinical trials and 891 asymptomatic subjects without HF or diastolic dysfunction (confirmed by NT-proBNP levels <200 pg/ml and echocardiography) who were enrolled in the Prevalence of Asymptomatic Left Ventricular Dysfunction study. sNEP was measured using a sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in all subjects.ResultsOverall, sNEP levels were lower in HFpEF compared with controls (3.5 ng/ml; confidence interval [CI]: 2.5 to 4.8 vs. 8.5 ng/ml; CI: 7.2 to 10.0; p < 0.001). After adjusting for age, gender, body mass index (BMI), and smoking history, mean sNEP levels were also lower in HFpEF compared with controls (4.0 ng/ml [CI: 2.7 to 5.4] vs. 8.2 ng/ml [CI: 6.8 to 9.7]; p = 0.002). The cohorts were propensity matched based on age, BMI, diabetes, hypertension, smoking history, and renal function, and sNEP levels remained lower in HFpEF compared with controls (median 2.4 ng/ml [interquartile range: 0.6 to 27.7] vs. 4.9 ng/ml [interquartile range: 1.2 to 42.2]; p = 0.02).ConclusionsPatients with HFpEF on average have significantly lower circulating sNEP levels compared with controls. These findings challenge our current understanding of the complex biology of circulating sNEP in HFpEF.

Project description:The angiotensin-receptor-neprilysin inhibitor (ARNI) reduced cardiovascular deaths and heart failure hospitalization in patients with heart failure of reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). Its role in non-HFrEF patients was not clear. This study aims to answer this question.In this retrospective study, we enrolled 928 patients diagnosed with non-HFrEF, 492 of them received angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI) and the rest 436 received angiotensin-receptor-neprilysin inhibitor. Outcomes were compared by Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and various clinical parameters were investigated using Cox multivariable analysis, followed by interaction analysis. Minnesota living with heart failure Questionnaire (MLHFQ) was employed as one of the criteria to assess heart failure outcome.The cardiovascular (CV) death or HF hospitalization at 24 months occurred in 49 patients in ACEI group compared with 31 in ARNI group (Hazard Ratio (HR): 1.231, 95% confidence Interval (CI): 1.080-2.460, P = .031). And ARNI showed better prognosis of HF hospitalization (HR: 1.283, 95%CI: 1.065-1.360, P = .038). Cumulative Kaplan-Meier estimates of endpoints, ARNI could reduce the incidence of CV death or HF hospitalization (P = .042) and HF hospitalization (P = .035). The stratified analysis revealed that participants with age less than 70 years old had a lower incidence of CV death or HF hospitalization (HR: 1.194, 95%CI: 1.011-1992, P = .031) after treated with ARNI. Patients received diuretics could benefit from ARNI (HR: 1.383, 95%CI: 1.082-1.471, P = .019). Similar results were also observed in patients with heart rate lower than 90 bpm (HR: 1.556, 95%CI: 1.045-2.386, P = .003) and patients with atrial fibrillation history (HR: 1.873, 95%CI: 1.420-2.809, P = .011). ARNI could improve the quality of life both from the total, emotional and physical aspects.ARNI is an efficacy treatment strategy to improve the outcome and quality of life in patients with non-HFrEF.

Dataset Information

Angiotensin Receptor Neprilysin Inhibition and Associated Outcomes by Race and Ethnicity in Patients With Heart Failure With Reduced Ejection Fraction: Data From CHAMP-HF.

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