A Qualitative Study of Factors Influencing Unsafe Work Behaviors Among Environmental Service Workers: Perspectives of Workers, and Safety Managers: The Case of Government Hospitals in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
Ontology highlight
ABSTRACT: Background
Environmental Service (EVS) is a term that refers to cleaning in healthcare facilities. EVS personnel are exposed to a variety of hazards, including physical, chemical, ergonomic, cognitive, and biological hazards that contribute to the development of diseases and disabilities. Recognizing the conditions that promote unsafe behavior is the first step in reducing such hazards. The purpose of this study was to (a) investigate the attitudes and perceptions of safety among employees and safety managers in Addis Ababa hospitals, and (b) figure out what factors inhibit healthy work behaviors.Methods
The data for this study was gathered using 2 qualitative data gathering methods: key informant interviews and individual in-depth interviews. About 25 personnel from 3 Coronavirus treatment hospitals were interviewed to understand more about the factors that make safe behavior challenging. The interviews were recorded, transcribed, and then translated into English. Open Code 4.02 was used for thematic analysis.Results
Poor safety management and supervision, a hazardous working environment, and employee perceptions, skills, and training levels were all identified as key factors in the preponderance of unsafe work behaviors among environmental service workers.Conclusions
Different types of personal and environmental factors were reported to affect safe work behavior among environmental service personnel. Individual responsibility is vital in reducing or eliminating these risk factors for unsafe behaviors, but management's involvement in providing resources for safe work behavior is critical.
SUBMITTER: Tamene A
PROVIDER: S-EPMC9243478 | biostudies-literature |
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
Similar Datasets
Project description:BackgroundOne-third to two-thirds of operated patients in low-income countries acquire surgical site infection, which is nine times higher when compared to high-resource countries. Identifying the incidence and risk factors that contribute to surgical site infection following cesarean delivery is a step ahead for preventing and reducing the problem. Nonetheless, the distribution of the problem in Addis Ababa, where the rate of cesarean delivery is relatively high compared to other parts of the country, is under investigation.ObjectiveThe aim of this study is to assess the incidence of surgical site infection among cesarean deliveries and factors associated with it in selected governmental hospitals found in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, in 2019.MethodA hospital-based prospective cohort study design was employed to follow 175 women, who gave birth by cesarean delivery in selected government hospitals in Addis Ababa, from March 11 to April 9, 2019. Convenience sampling method was used to select study units from the randomly selected hospitals. Descriptive statistics were run for determining the rate of cesarean delivery surgical site infection. Presence and degree of association between outcome and independent variables were computed through bivariate logistic regression analysis and factors that had p < 0.2 significance level in the bivariate logistic regression analysis were considered in the multivariable logistic regression analysis.ResultFrom 166 participants who completed 30-day follow-up, 25 (15%) of the participants developed surgical site infection. Age, gestational age, duration of operation, and ≥5 vaginal examinations showed a significant association with the outcome variable with AOR (95% CI) of ((AOR = 1.504, 95% CI: (1.170 - 1.933, p < 0.2 significance level in the bivariate logistic regression analysis were considered in the multivariable logistic regression analysis. p < 0.2 significance level in the bivariate logistic regression analysis were considered in the multivariable logistic regression analysis. p < 0.2 significance level in the bivariate logistic regression analysis were considered in the multivariable logistic regression analysis. p < 0.2 significance level in the bivariate logistic regression analysis were considered in the multivariable logistic regression analysis. Conclusion and recommendation. Surgical site infection rate is higher and certain associations lost due to small sample size. Further interventional studies with vast sample size are recommended.
| S-EPMC7057000 | biostudies-literature
Project description:ObjectiveStudies in sub-Saharan Africa have shown that patient satisfaction with referral procedures and systems is low due to multiple factors. Despite the challenges on patient satisfaction with referral service in Ethiopia, there are only limited studies on overall satisfaction and associated factors with referral services of the hospitals. The purpose of this study was to determine patient satisfaction with referral services and related characteristics among patients referred to referral hospitals in Central Ethiopia, in the year 2021.MethodsA facility-based multi-center cross-sectional study was conducted at public hospitals in and around Addis Ababa using both quantitative and qualitative data collection methods. The hospitals were selected using a simple random sampling method from the list. Data were collected from 317 referral forms and chart reviews, 310 patient interviews, 27 focused group discussions, and 16 insider observations. The collected data were coded and entered into EPI INFO version 7 and transferred to SPSS version 25 for further analysis. Both binary and multivariable logistic regression models were computed to see the association between independent versus outcome variables. The findings were taken as significant with a p value of <0.05 at 95% confidence interval and results were presented with text, graphs, figures, and tables.ResultOverall level of patients' satisfaction of referral services in Central Ethiopia was 73.5%, confidence interval (67.9%-81.1 %,) and near 85% of the participants had got an examination by the respective health care worker on arrival. This study identified that factors that increase odds of patient satisfaction toward referral services were status of communication (adjusted odd ratio 44.09 (95% confidence interval, 5.47, 355.68), perceived level of experience of health providers who handle the referral process (adjusted odd ratio 6.42 (95% confidence interval, 1.20, 34.42) and coordination status of the hospitals during referral acceptance (adjusted odd ratio 35.50 (95% confidence interval, 4.87, 258.60) and these were significantly associated with patient's satisfaction toward referral services. Referral without communication among hospitals was stated as the leading challenge by focused group discussants and very limited practice on referral feedback was reported by insider observers.ConclusionThis study determined that the overall level of patient satisfaction toward referral services in Central Ethiopia was moderate with identified factors that increase odds of patient satisfaction toward referral system being the way of communication, health provider's experience, and coordination status of the hospitals on referral acceptance. Hence, policymakers and the ministry of health would better consider the aforementioned factors during referral program development and training for improvement of patients' satisfaction with referral services.
| S-EPMC9019320 | biostudies-literature
Project description:OBJECTIVES:Occupational exposure to blood and body fluids is a major risk factor for the transmission of infections to health professionals in developing countries like Ethiopia. The aim of this study was to assess standard precaution practices (SPPs) and its associated factors among health professionals working at Addis Ababa government hospitals. METHODS:A cross-sectional study was conducted on 772 health professionals working at eight government hospitals in Addis Ababa, 2015. The multistage sampling technique was used to select study participants. Health professionals who were directly participating in screening, diagnosis, treatment and follow-ups of patients were studied. SPPs by health professionals were determined by a self-rated response to a 30-item Likert scale. A respondent would be graded as 'good' compliant for the assessment if they scored at least the mean of the total score, or would be considered as poor compliant if they scored less. To take the hierarchical structure of the data into account during analysis, multilevel binary logistic regressions were used. The intraclass correlation coefficient was calculated to evaluate whether variations in score were primarily within or between hospitals. RESULT:Out of the participants, 50.65% had good SPPs. At the individual level, attitude, age and educational status were found to be important factors of SPPs. Controlling individual-level factors, applying regular observations (adjusted OR (AOR) 1.82; 95% CI 1.2 to 2.76), providing sufficient materials (AOR 1.53; 95% CI 1.03 to 2.28) and weak measures on reported incidences (AOR 0.49; 95% CI 0.30 to 0.8) were also hospital-level factors associated with SPPs. CONCLUSION:SPPs in the healthcare facilities were found to be so low that both patients and health professionals were at a significant risk for infections. The finding suggests the need for optimising individual-level and hospital-level precautionary practices.
| S-EPMC6797290 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundBecause maternal mortality is a rare event, it is important to study maternal near-miss as a complement to evaluate and improve the quality of obstetric care. Thus, the study was conducted with the aim of assessing the incidence and causes of maternal near-miss.MethodsA facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted in five selected public hospitals of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia from May 1, 2015 to April 30, 2016. All maternal near-miss cases admitted to the selected hospitals during the study period were prospectively recruited. World Health Organization criteria were used to identify maternal near-miss cases. The number of maternal near-miss cases over one year per 1000 live births occurring during the same year was calculated to determine the incidence of maternal near-miss. Underlying and contributing causes of maternal near-miss were documented from each participant's record.ResultsDuring the one-year period, there were a total of 238 maternal near-miss cases and 29,697 live births in all participating hospitals, which provides a maternal near-miss incidence ratio of 8.01 per 1000 live births. The underlying causes of the majority of maternal near-miss cases were hypertensive disorders and obstetric hemorrhage. Anemia was the major contributing cause reported for maternal near-miss. Most of the maternal near-miss cases occurred before the women's arrival at the participating hospitals.ConclusionThe study demonstrated a lower maternal near-miss incidence ratio compared to previous country-level studies. The majority of the near-miss cases occurred before the women's arrival at the participating hospitals, which underscores the importance of improving pre-hospital barriers. Efforts made toward improvement in the management of life-threatening obstetric complications could reduce the occurrence of maternal near-miss problems that occur during hospitalization.
| S-EPMC5460898 | biostudies-literature
Project description:IntroductionAutism is a neurodevelopmental disorder that occurs in the early childhood period and is characterized by altered social interaction, communication problems, repetitive, and stereotyped behavior. Genetic, environmental, or physical risk factors are associated with prenatal, natal, or postnatal complications, leading to the development of autism spectrum disorders. Prompt diagnosis and management should be an integral component of the care provision in countries like Ethiopia.ObjectiveThis study aimed to assess knowledge of childhood autism among nurses working in governmental hospitals in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.MethodsInstitutional based cross-sectional study design was used. The sample size was calculated using the single population proportion formula, and the final sample size was 360. Final study subjects were selected by using the simple random sampling method. Data were collected using structured self-administered questionnaires and were then coded and entered into Epi-data version 3.1 and exported to SPSS version 21 for analysis. Descriptive statistics were utilized to show frequencies and percentages, and analysis of variance was carried out to compute the association between the dependent and independent variables. Independent t-test was also done to see the association between dependent variables and independent variables with two means. A p-value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant.ResultsThe mean score for knowledge-related items was 8.79 ± 0.4. In this study, out of 331 nurses, 180 (54.35%) had good knowledge. Significant mean score difference was observed among age distribution (F-Ratio = 2.8, p-value = 0.04), level of education (F-ratio = 13.97, p < 0.001) and work experience (F-Ratio = 3.07 p-value = 0.017).ConclusionA significant gap was observed in the overall knowledge of childhood autism among nurses employed in the governmental hospitals of Addis Ababa. The respondents' knowledge level was significantly different among age group distributions, education levels, and work experience.
| S-EPMC8532247 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundChild mortality remains a global public health problem, particularly in Sub-Saharan Africa. After initiating ART, the mortality rate among HIV-infected children in Ethiopia was 12-17 deaths per 1000 child-year.ObjectiveTo determine the time to death and its predictors among under-five children on antiretroviral treatment in public hospitals of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, from April 12, 2017, to May 12, 2022.MethodAn institution-based retrospective follow-up study was conducted among 415 HIV-infected children at selected public hospitals of the Addis Ababa town administration. Computer generated simple random sampling technique was used to select each sampling unit. Data was extracted using a structured data extraction checklist. Data were entered into EPI data 4.2 and analyzed using STATA 14. The child mortality rate was calculated. The Cox proportional hazards regression model was fitted to identify predictor factors. The result of the study was presented using text, tables, graphs, and charts. An adjusted hazard ratio with a 95% confidence interval and a p-value less than 0.05 was used to declare the level of significance.ResultA total of 415 (97.42%) of the 426 children on ART were included for analysis. Of these, 41(9.88%) children were died during the following period. The study participants were followed for a total of 8237 person- months of risk time. The overall mortality rate was 4.98 (95% CI: 3.67-6.77) per 1000 child-months. The estimated survival after starting ART was 61.42% at 56 months of follow-up. Severe underweight (AHR = 3.19; 95% CI: 1.32-7.71), tuberculosis (AHR = 3.86; CI: 1.76-8.47), low hemoglobin level (AHR = 2.51; CI: 1.02-6.20), and advanced WHO clinical stages at enrolment (AHR = 3.38; CI: 1.08-10.58) were predictors of death among HIV-infected under-five children on ART.ConclusionThe incidence of mortality was 4.98 per 1000 child-months. Severe underweight, tuberculosis infection, low hemoglobin level, and advanced WHO clinical stages at enrolment were predictors of death among under-five children on ART.
| S-EPMC10358914 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundCompassionate health care service is important for good clinical outcomes and patient satisfaction. However, complaints of non-compassionate care became very familiar and popular grievance of the community in the health care system. The aim of this study was to assess the level of compassionate health care service provision and its associated factors among health professionals working in public hospitals of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.MethodsA facility based cross sectional study was conducted among six public hospitals of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Simple random sampling and systematic sampling methods were applied to select hospitals and each study participants respectively. Data were collected from 400 participants using a self-administered structured questionnaire. The mean of compassionate health care was taken as the cut point to label respondent as good and poor compassionate health care service provider. Bivariate and multivariable logistic regressions were done to determine the associated factors for compassionate care provision. Variables with p values < 0.05 at the multivariable analysis were considered as significantly associated with compassionate care provision.ResultsOnly 48.0% of health care professionals provided good compassionate care. Learned to be compassionate (AOR = 5.083; CI 95% 2.69, 9.58); patient and their family realistic expectation (AOR = 2.24; CI 95% 1.07, 4.66) were found to be significantly associated with good compassionate health care provision.Conclusionsand recommendations: Good compassionate health care service provision in Addis Ababa hospitals was very low. Teaching health science and medical students to be compassionate and ensuring health care clients to have realistic expectation may be important to farther enhance compassionate health care service provision.
| S-EPMC9280524 | biostudies-literature
Project description:ObjectiveThis study aims to assess the survival status and predictors of mortality among under-5 children with severe acute malnutrition in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.DesignA retrospective cohort study was employed on randomly selected 422 medical records of children under the age of 5 admitted to stabilisation centres in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Survival analysis and Cox regression analysis were conducted to determine time spent before the outcome and predictors of desired outcome.SettingsThe stabilisation centres in four governmental hospitals in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: Tikur Anbessa Specialised Hospital, Zewditu Memorial Hospital, Yekatit 12 Hospital and Tirunesh Beijing Hospital PARTICIPANTS: Of 435 severely malnourished children under the age of 5 admitted to four governmental hospitals in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, from January 2020 to December 2022, we were able to trace 422 complete records. The remaining 13 medical records were found to be incomplete due to missing medical history information for those children.Primary and secondary outcome measuresThe primary outcome is the survival status of under-5 children with severe acute malnutrition after admission to the stabilisation centres. The secondary outcome is predictors of survival among these children.ResultsOf 422 children, 44 (10.4%) died, with an incidence rate of 10.3 per 1000 person-days. The median hospital stay was 8 days. Full vaccination (adjusted HR (AHR) 0.2, 95% CI 0.088 to 0.583, p<0.05), feeding practices (F-75) (AHR 0.2, 95% CI 0.062 to 0.651, p<0.01), intravenous fluid administration (AHR 3.7, 95% CI 1.525 to 8.743, p<0.01), presence of HIV (AHR 2.2, 95% CI 1.001 to 4.650, p<0.05), pneumonia (AHR 2.2, 95% CI 1.001 to 4.650, p<0.01) and occurrence of shock (AHR3.5, 95% CI 1.451 to 8.321, p<0.01) were identified as significant predictors of mortality.ConclusionThe study identified a survival rate slightly higher than the acceptable range set by the social and public health economics study group. Factors like vaccination status, HIV, pneumonia, shock, intravenous fluid and the absence of feeding F-75 predicted mortality.
| S-EPMC11308885 | biostudies-literature
Project description:ObjectiveTo assess where the delays occur in the referral chain of most maternal health outcomes in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, based on the three-delay model.DesignThe study was a facility-based, cross-sectional study.SettingTwo public and tertiary hospitals in Addis Ababa.ParticipantsAll pregnant women who were referred only for labour and delivery services after 28 weeks of gestation between December 2018 and February 2019 in Zewditu and Gandhi Memorial Hospitals.Primary and secondary outcome measuresThe primary outcome was the type of delays, from the three-delay model, which met operationally defined time. The secondary outcome was maternal health outcomes based on the three-delay model.ResultsA total of 403 pregnant women referred for delivery to the study hospitals were included in the study. Three-fourths (301, 74.7%) of the referred pregnant women experienced the third delay (delay in receiving appropriate care); 211 (52.4%) experienced the first delay (delay in making a decision to seek care). Overall 366 (90.8%) pregnant women had experienced at least one of the three delays and 71 (17.6%) experienced all three delays. Twenty-nine (7.2%) referred women had severe maternal outcomes. The leading causes/diagnoses of severe maternal outcomes were blood transfusion (17, 58.6%), followed by postpartum haemorrhage (15, 52%) and eclampsia (9, 31%). In addition, women who experienced severe maternal outcomes were 2.9 times more likely to have experienced at least one of the three delays.Conclusion and recommendationThis study highlights the persistence of delays at all levels, and especially the third delay and its contribution to severe maternal outcomes. We recommend strengthening the health referral systems and addressing specific health system bottlenecks during labour and birth in order to ensure no mother is endangered. We also recommend conducting a qualitative method of study (focus group discussion and indepth interview) and observing tertiary hospitals' set-up and readiness to manage obstetric emergencies.
| S-EPMC7312330 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundBecause of limited infrastructure and skilled human capital, the etiology of meningitis is rarely identified in developing countries like Ethiopia. This results in unnecessary antibiotics use, economic crisis, hospitalization, and related nosocomial infections. Thus, we aimed to assess the epidemiology of human enteroviruses (HEVs) among clinically suspected meningitis cases in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.MethodA cross-sectional study was conducted from January to August 2020 at selected Hospitals in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was conducted on cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) collected from 146 clinically suspected meningitis and bacterial culture-negative patients. SPSS v 21.0 was used for data analysis and bivariate correlation was done for the association between variables of interest.ResultsHEVs were detected in 39 (26.7%) of the 146 clinically suspected meningitis cases. Most of the HEVs cases 28 (71.9%) were detected in younger-aged infants less than 1 year. The most commonly observed clinical manifestations were vomiting (75.5%) followed by fever (56.8%) and impaired consciousness or irritability (50.7%). The mean length of hospital stay for patients with enteroviral meningitis was 9 days. Many patients with HEVs were recovered with sequelae (46.2%), and HEVs has contributed for one out of the nine meningeal deaths (11.1%).ConclusionsHEVs were found to be the commonest cause of morbidity and mortality in all age groups. Many of the patients were mistreated with antibiotics and hospitalized. The detection of HEVs in 26.7% of clinically suspected meningitis cases indicated the need for molecular tests in investigating the etiology of meningitis. Therefore, we suggest the introduction of molecular tests as a routine practice in referral hospitals and the need to further characterize circulating HEVs strains.
| S-EPMC8584720 | biostudies-literature