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Effects of Dietary Nutrients on Fatty Liver Disease Associated With Metabolic Dysfunction (MAFLD): Based on the Intestinal-Hepatic Axis.

ABSTRACT: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has recently become the most common liver disease with a global prevalence of over 25% and is expected to increase. Recently, experts have reached a consensus that "fatty liver disease associated with metabolic dysfunction or MAFLD" may be a more appropriate and inclusive definition than NAFLD. Like the former name NAFLD, MAFLD, as a manifestation of multiple system metabolic disorders involving the liver, has certain heterogeneity in its pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, pathological changes and natural outcomes. We found that there is a delicate dynamic balance among intestinal microflora, metabolites and host immune system to maintain a healthy intestinal environment and host health. On the contrary, this imbalance is related to diseases such as MAFLD. However, there are no clear studies on how dietary nutrients affect the intestinal environment and participate in the pathogenesis of MAFLD. This review summarizes the interactions among dietary nutrients, intestinal microbiota and MAFLD in an attempt to provide evidence for the use of dietary supplements to regulate liver function in patients with MAFLD. These dietary nutrients influence the development and progression of MAFLD mainly through the hepatic-intestinal axis by altering dietary energy absorption, regulating bile acid metabolism, changing intestinal permeability and producing ethanol. Meanwhile, the nutrients have the ability to combat MAFLD in terms of enriching abundance of intestinal microbiota, reducing Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio and promoting abundance of beneficial gut microbes. Therefore, family therapy with MAFLD using a reasonable diet could be considered.

SUBMITTER: Yao N

PROVIDER: S-EPMC9247350 | biostudies-literature |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Project description:BackgroundAs fat and obesity play a vital role in the pathophysiology of metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD), this study aims to investigate the association between the fat mass and obesity-associated gene (FTO) and MAFLD.MethodsSix SNPs (rs6499640, rs1421085, rs8050136, rs3751812, rs9939609 and rs9930506) within FTO were genotyped for 741 MAFLD patients (median age, 69.98; interquartile range, 66.55-75.93) and 825 healthy people (median age, 69.94; interquartile range, 66.39-75.64). Allele and genotype frequencies, pairwise linkage disequilibrium (LD) and haplotype analysis were calculated.ResultsBMI, waist circumference, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, fasting plasma glucose, triglyceride, alanine transaminase, glutamyl transpeptidase and the prevalence of diabetes were found to be higher in the MAFLD individuals comparing to the control ones (P < 0.05). For rs1421085, the C allele frequency was remarkably higher in MAFLD after Bonferroni correction (OR [95% CI] =1.353 [1.095-1.671]; P corr =0.030), and a significantly different genotype result was observed in log-additive model (OR [95% CI] =1.369 [1.108-1.691]; P corr =0.024). For rs8050136, significantly increased A allele frequency was observed in MAFLD (OR [95% CI] =1.371 [1.109-1.695]; P corr =0.024), and A-allele carriers showed increased MAFLD risk (OR [95% CI] =1.393 [1.103-1.759]; P corr =0.030). For rs3751812, the T allele frequency was remarkably higher in MAFLD (OR [95% CI] =1.369 [1.108-1.691]; P corr =0.024), and T-allele carriers demonstrated high MAFLD risk (OR [95% CI] =1.392 [1.103-1.756]; P corr =0.030). For rs9939609, A allele frequency was also remarkably high in MAFLD (OR [95% CI] =1.369 [1.108-1.691]; P corr =0.024), and A-allele carriers were more susceptible to MAFLD (OR [95% CI] =[1.103-1.756]; P corr =0.030). A strong LD was found among rs1421085, rs8050136, rs3751812 and rs9939609 (r2 >0.8), and individuals with C-A-T-A haplotype had an elevated MAFLD risk (P =0.005).ConclusionThe case-control study indicated that C variant of rs1421085, A variant of rs8050136, T variant of rs3751812 and A variant of rs9939609 are associated with elevated MAFLD risk in the older Chinese Han population.

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Effects of Dietary Nutrients on Fatty Liver Disease Associated With Metabolic Dysfunction (MAFLD): Based on the Intestinal-Hepatic Axis.

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