Dataset Information

Early diagnosis, vertical transmission of HIV and its associated factors among exposed infants after implementation of the Option B+ regime in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

ABSTRACT:

Introduction

: Despite scaling up programmes to prevent vertical transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), over 400 children are infected every day globally. Guidelines recommend that all HIV-exposed infants should be tested within 4-6 weeks of birth. This meta-analysis aimed to explore concrete evidence on early diagnosis, pooled prevalence of HIV among HIV-exposed infants and its associated factors in Ethiopia following implementation of the Option B+ regime in 2013.

Methods

: Electronic databases such as PubMed/MEDLINE, EMBASE and Cochrane Library were used to retrieve eligible articles. This meta-analysis was developed using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis guidelines. Heterogeneity and publication bias were evaluated using Cochran's Q statistic quantified with inverse variance and Egger's statistical test. Random effect model meta-analysis was used to report the pooled estimate.

Results

: The pooled estimate of early diagnosis and prevalence of mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) of HIV since implementation of the Option B+ regime in Ethiopia were 64.84% and 5.64%, respectively. No antenatal care [odds ratio (OR) 4.4], home delivery (OR 6.8), infant enrolment >6 weeks after birth (OR 2.2), mixed feeding (OR 4.1) and no antiretroviral prophylaxis after birth (OR 13.2) were associated with increased risk of MTCT.

Conclusion

: This review of 19 studies from six regions of Ethiopia found that only two-thirds of HIV-exposed infants were tested at ≤6 weeks of age. Although there has been a major reduction in the prevalence of MTCT of HIV since implementation of the Option B+ region, the pooled prevalence of MTCT of HIV remains higher than the WHO target of 5% among breastfeeding participants. From the evidence obtained in the 19 studies included in this review and international MTCT practice, recommendations to minimize the high prevalence of MTCT of HIV include encouraging antenatal care follow-up and institutional delivery; enrolling HIV-exposed infants immediately after delivery or at least before 6 weeks of age; promotion of exclusive breastfeeding; improving adherence to antiretroviral therapy during antenatal care, labour/delivery and breastfeeding; and increasing the provision of antiretroviral prophylaxis at birth for exposed neonates. A national representative study of MTCT of HIV for all regions of Ethiopia is needed to obtain an updated view of this programme.

SUBMITTER: Getaneh T

PROVIDER: S-EPMC9256659 | biostudies-literature |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Project description:BackgroundThe burden of mother-to-child transmission rate of HIV is high and risk factors are common in Ethiopia. This systematic review and meta-analysis intended to provide the pooled estimation of mother-to-child transmission rate and its risk factors in Ethiopia.MethodsWe searched PubMed, Google Scholar, EMBASE and Web of Science electronic databases for all available references. We included observational studies including case-control, cohort, and cross-sectional studies. The search was further limited to studies conducted in Ethiopia and publish in English. Heterogeneity was checked using the I2 statistic. Egger's test and the funnel plot were used to assess publication bias. A meta-analysis using a weighted inverse variance random-effects model was performed.ResultsA total of 18 studies with 6253 individuals were included in this systematic review and meta-analysis. Of these, 14 studies with 4624 individuals were used to estimate the prevalence. The estimated pooled prevalence of mother-to-child transmission of HIV was 11.4% (95% CI = 9.1-13.7). The pooled adjusted odds ratio (AOR) of mother-to-child transmission of HIV for the infants from rural area was 3.8 (95% CI = 1.4 to 6.3), infants delivered at home was 3.2 (95% CI = 1.2 to 5.2), infant didn't take antiretroviral prophylaxis was 5.8 (95% CI = 1.5 to 10.3), mother didn't take antiretroviral prophylaxis was 6.1 (95% CI = 2.5 to 9.6), mothers didn't receive PMTCT intervention was 5.1 (95% CI = 1.6, 8.6), and on mixed feeding was 4.3 (95% CI = 1.8 to 6.7).ConclusionsThis systematic review and meta-analysis showed that mother-to-child transmission rate of HIV was high in Ethiopia. Being from the rural residence, home delivery, not taking antiretroviral prophylaxis, the absence of PMTCT intervention, and mixed infant feeding practices increased the risk of HIV transmission.Trial registrationIt is registered in the Prospero database: (PROSPERO 2017: CRD42017078232 ).

Project description:BackgroundThe United Nations Program on HIV or AIDS has committed to eliminating the vertical transmission of human immunodeficiency virus. However, significant number of newborn and children are acquiring HIV every year. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess knowledge of mother on vertical transmission of HIV and associated factors among non-pregnant women receiving antiretroviral therapy in the West Wollega, Western Ethiopia.MethodsA facility-based cross-sectional study design was used on a sample of 422 non-pregnant women attending antiretroviral therapy clinic in West Wollega from 26 February to 26 March 2019. Systematic sampling was used to select the study participants. Pretested and structured interviewer-administered questionnaires and telephone interview were used to collect the data. Multivariable logistic regression model was used to identify factors associated with the knowledge of mother on vertical transmission of HIV. Odds ratio along with 95% confidence interval were estimated to measure the strength of the association. Level of statistical significance was declared at p-value less than 0.05.ResultOut of total participants, 94.1% (95% confidence interval: (91.7%, 96.2%)) of them were knowledgeable about vertical transmission of HIV. Urban resident (adjusted odds ratio: 2.36, 95% confidence interval: (1.27, 4.39)), primary school (adjusted odds ratio: 2.94, 95% confidence interval: (1.11, 7.83)), secondary school (adjusted odds ratio: 3.39, 95% confidence interval: (1.53, 7.55)), being on antiretroviral therapy for greater than 2 years (adjusted odds ratio: 2.67, 95% confidence interval: 1.02, 6.99)), and having child living with HIV (adjusted odds ratio: 1.54, 95% confidence interval: (1.07, 3 .83)) were significantly associated with the knowledge of mother on vertical transmission of HIV.ConclusionThe study indicated that 5.9% of the women lack knowledge about vertical transmission of HIV. This knowledge associated with sociodemographic factors, such as residence, educational status, experiences of having child living with HIV, and being on antiretroviral therapy for greater than 2 years. Thus, interventions toward the elimination of new newborn HIV infections should consider these factors.

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