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Case Report: Giant Cell Tumor of Tendon Sheath After Breast Augmentation.

ABSTRACT: Giant cell tumor of tendon sheath (GCTTS) is a benign tumor. It occurs predominantly in the hands, ankles, and knees. A 39-year-old female presented with GCTTS in the right breast after breast augmentation. There was a clear borderline between the tumor and breast tissue. In terms of morphological appearance, synovial metaplasia could be observed in part of the collagenous capsule. The tumor was moderately cellular and was composed of synovium-like monocytes. The main part of the tumor was blended with nested and scattered xanthomatous cells, lymphocytes, and osteoclast-like giant cells. Hemosiderin granules were distributed in the lesion. Immunohistochemical staining and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analyses were performed. CD68 staining was positive in osteoclast-like giant cells. In addition, neither significant USP6 translocation nor CSF1 translocation was detected by FISH. We hypothesized that the pathogenesis of this rare GCT-TS was based on synovial metaplasia and did not depend on the translocation of classical CSF1.

SUBMITTER: Zhang Y

PROVIDER: S-EPMC9256978 | biostudies-literature |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Giant cell tumor of the tendon sheath in a 5-year-old child; A case report.

Project description:Introductionand importance: Giant cell tumors of the tendon sheath in children have rarely been reported in the literature. This study aims to present a case of giant cell tumors of the tendon sheath on the big toe of a 5-year-old child.Case presentationA 5-year-old girl presented with a painless swelling over the dorsal aspect of right big toe for 2 weeks. Physical examination revealed non-tender rubbery like swelling over the dorsal aspect of the right big toe. Ultrasound scan of the swelling showed a 17 × 7 mm oval-shaped subcutaneous hypoechoic lesion. Magnetic resonance imaging showed evidence of 20× 8 mm well-defined fusiform soft tissue lesion scalloping the bone. Under general anesthesia, the mass was totally excised. Microscopic sectioning showed a mixture of fibroblasts and histiocyte like cells associated with multinucleated giant cells in the vascular connective tissue stroma with the definite diagnosis of the giant cell tumor of the tendon sheath.DiscussionThese tumors mostly compose of several types of cell like synovial, siderophages, foam, inflammatory and multinucleate giant cells. The major etiological factors that induce development of this tumor could be traumatic, inflammatory, metabolic or neoplastic disease.Conclusionalthough it is a sporadic finding, giant cell tumors of the tendon sheath might affect the lower limb in children. Complete excision is the main modality of treatment.

| S-EPMC8371222 | biostudies-literature

Giant Cell Tumor of Tendon Sheath and Tendinopathy as Early Features of Early Onset Sarcoidosis.

Project description:Giant cell tumor of tendon sheath (GCTTS) is characterized by diffuse proliferation of synovial-like cells and multinucleated giant cells along tendon sheaths. This benign tumor typically presents in the third to fourth decade of life and is exceeding rare in children. Here we describe a case of a 10-years-old girl with a history of soft tissue swelling involving the third digit of left hand, bilateral wrists and ankles. Pathology of the finger mass revealed abundant multinucleated giant cells consistent with GCTTS. Resection of the tendinous masses from the ankles also showed multinucleated giant cells along with chronic bursitis. She began to show features of polyarticular arthritis by age 7. Due to progression of arthritis, whole exome sequencing was performed and found a de novo heterozygous mutation in NOD2 (p. R334Q). This variant is the most common mutation responsible for early onset sarcoidosis (EOS)/Blau syndrome, an autoinflammatory disease characterized by granulomatous inflammation of joints, skin and eyes. The early onset of symptoms and presence of multinucleated giant cells and granuloma in this case are in keeping with a diagnosis of EOS/Blau syndrome. The patient responded well to treatment with methotrexate and etanercept. This case extends the clinical spectrum of EOS/Blau syndrome, which should be considered for GCTTS and other unusual presentations of tendon inflammation in children, even in the absence of the characteristic triad of arthritis, dermatitis and uveitis.

| S-EPMC6873213 | biostudies-literature

Giant cell tumor of the flexor tendon of the wrist: US and MRI evaluation. Case report.

Project description:Giant cell tumor of the tendon sheath (GCTTS) is a benign proliferative lesion of synovial origin that may affect the joints, bursae and tendon sheaths. We report the case of a giant cell tumor of the tendon sheath arising from the carpal tunnel of the wrist in a 47-year-old woman. The patient underwent ultrasound (US) examination and subsequently magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

| S-EPMC3558085 | biostudies-other

Pediatric Upper Cervical Spine Giant Cell Tumor: Case Report.

Project description:Study Design Case report. Objective The purpose of this work is to report the case of a giant cell tumor involving the second cervical vertebra in a pediatric patient. Surgical management included a combined posterior and anterior cervical approach. There has been no recurrence in 2 years of follow-up. Case Report A 13-year-old girl presented with scoliosis with incidentally lytic lesion involving the second cervical vertebra. The radiologic investigations and biopsy result indicated a giant cell tumor of the bone. A combined posterior and anterior cervical approach was performed to resect the lesion, reconstruct the spine, and restore stability. Two years of follow-up revealed no recurrence of the lesion with stable reconstruction of the spine. Results The lesion was surgically managed for excision and spinal fusion by combining a posterior occipitocervical arthrodesis with an anterior retropharyngeal cervical approach. The final histopathology result confirmed a giant cell tumor of the bone. Conclusions Giant cell tumor involving the second cervical vertebra is uncommon; this tumor can be managed surgically by using a combined posterior and anterior cervical retropharyngeal approach. The presented case was unique in terms of the tumor location, patient age, and surgical management.

| S-EPMC4516742 | biostudies-other

A locally invasive giant cell tumor of the skull base: case report.

Project description:Giant cell tumors (GCTs) are rare, usually affecting the epiphyses in long bones of the extremities. They seldom occur in the skull, where they preferentially affect the sphenoid and temporal bones. Considered to be benign, locally aggressive lesions, they may cause cranial nerve deficits by compression but infrequently invade the dura and parenchyma of the brain. Several case reports with follow-up describe gross total resection of skull base GCT to be curative. Anything short of total resection usually results in recurrence within 4 years. Radiation therapy, although controversial, is reserved for lesions that cannot be completely resected. Some argue, however, against the use of radiation because there are reported cases of malignant transformation. Here we describe the case of a large GCT that was invasive to the dura, temporal lobe, as well as the third division of the trigeminal nerve, and to date gross total resection has been curative of this lesion. The patient has not undergone radiation therapy.

| S-EPMC4110128 | biostudies-other

Case Report: Extra-Articular Diffuse Tenosynovial Giant Cell Tumor of the Temporomandibular Joint.

Project description:Diffuse tenosynovial giant cell tumor (D-TSGCT) is a benign but locally destructive tumor of synovium that may involve joints, tendon sheaths, and bursae. Its occurrence in the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) is extremely rare. The authors reported a case of 48-year-old man with an extra-articular D-TSGCT in the TMJ with medial cranial fossa extension. computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) features are described. The lesion was a cystic-solid mass centered at the temporal bone without involvement of the condylar head, and its solid component presented high-density on CT and hypointensity on MRI. No signs of recurrence or metastasis was observed during 12-months of follow-up. The present report suggested the potential characteristics of radiologic imaging of D-TSGCT in TMJ.

| S-EPMC7953063 | biostudies-literature

Cherubism misdiagnosed as giant cell tumor: a case report and review of literature.

Project description:Cherubism is characterized by progressive, painless, bilateral enlargement of the mandible and/or maxilla resulting from the replacement of bone with multilocular cysts composed of fibrotic stromal cells and osteoclast-like cells. Here we report one Chinese cherubism case that has been misdiagnosed for more than forty years. The patient displayed no typical clinical or radiographical signs of cherubism due to multi-surgical treatments. Her histopathologic examination revealed the proliferating fibrous connective tissue with few multinucleated giant cells. The family history suggested us to perform sequence analysis of the SH3BP2 gene, a candidate marker for cherubism, in the family, and it was found that both the proband and the son had a missense mutation in SH3BP2 in exon 9 (p. Arg415Gln). Here we emphasize the importance of gene testing in the diagnosis of suspected cherubism, especially for those cases with non-typical clinical, radiographic and histological presentations.

| S-EPMC4443232 | biostudies-literature

Neoadjuvant denosumab for extensive giant cell tumor in os ischium: a case report.

Project description: Not available

| S-EPMC4443461 | biostudies-literature

Giant Cell-Rich Solitary Fibrous Tumor in the Nasopharynx: Case Report and Literature Review.

Project description:Solitary fibrous tumors (SFTs) can occur in several locations outside the pleura, but rarely in the sinonasal tract, and particularly not in the nasopharynx. Herein, we describe an unusual case of giant cell-rich SFT (GCRSFT) occurring in the nasopharynx. A 64-year-old man experienced dizziness and headache for more than 10 years with no obvious cause. Computed tomography (CT) scan showed a 3.9 cm × 2 cm tumor on the posterior lateral wall of the left nasopharynx, and angiography revealed a hypervascular tumor fed by branches of the left carotid artery. Hence, preoperative embolization was performed, and then the tumor was endoscopically resected. The symptoms were relieved after the resection, and postoperative head CT and video laryngoscopy showed that the tumor was completely resected. We next characterized the specific pathological characteristics of the resected tumor. Histologically, the tumor was characterized by varying cellular proliferation of cytologically bland spindle cells within a collagenous stroma, with prominent interspersed branching vessels. Mitotic activity was low (2/50HPF), and there was no evidence of pleomorphism or tumor necrosis. Moreover, multinucleated giant cells with deep nuclear staining and distributed in pseudovascular spaces were found within the tumor. We ruled out the possibility that our case was giant cell fibroblastoma (GCF) by immunohistochemical analysis, showing that the tumor cells were positive for CD34, CD99, STAT6, and BCL-2, and that the Ki-67 labeling index was 3%, indicating that our case was SFT and not GCF. The patient's condition is generally good after a 14-month follow-up. This report serves to broaden the morphologic spectrum of GCRSFT and will help clinicians and pathologists better understand this entity to prevent misdiagnosis.

| S-EPMC7367732 | biostudies-literature

First case report of ruptured giant expanding breast oil cyst.

Project description:BackgroundFat necrosis is a common sequelae of breast trauma. Its many presentations have been described in the literature. Oil cyst is one of the less common presentations of fat necrosis. Giant oil cyst is rare and may take many years to mature in an unstable environment of the women's breast. To our best knowledge, rupture of a giant oil cyst has never been reported. Yet, it should be included on the list of differential diagnoses along with hematoma, infection, or neoplasm. When a patient presents with an expanding breast lump, clinicians should be aware of the potential for oil cyst rupture and its features.Case descriptionA 51-year-old woman presented to a breast clinic with concern of an expanding painless left breast lump for the last 4 months. The lump first appeared 12 years ago shortly after a car accident and was stable for many years. The initial left breast ultrasound was inconclusive, but diagnostic mammogram revealed a giant ruptured calcified oil cyst. Due to the availability of prior diagnostic images, we were able to retrospectively follow the unique sequelae of fat necrosis from the development of giant oil cyst shortly after the breast trauma and up to the final outcome of ruptured calcified oil cyst.ConclusionsTrauma to a woman's breast can lead to the formation of a large oil cyst which can remain present for years, peripherally calcify, and is susceptible to rupture. Clinicians should be aware of this potential complication when presented with the case of expanding breast lump. Diagnostic mammogram is a study of choice and demonstrates benign pathognomonic features of an oil cyst.

| S-EPMC10789892 | biostudies-literature

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