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Biportal endoscopic spine surgery for cervical disk herniation: A technical notes and preliminary report.

ABSTRACT: Biportal endoscopic spine surgery (BESS) for cervical disk herniation (CDH) has been rarely reported. The aim of the article is to describe a novel BESS as a posterior approach for CDH and report the preliminary outcomes and complications. This single-centered retrospective chart review included 109 consecutive patients who underwent BESS for symptomatic single-level CDH. Working and viewing portals were created in each unilateral paravertebral area at the target disk level. Endoscopic exploration allowed for effective and minimally invasive decompression via safe access to the medial foramen with minimal laminectomy and facetectomy. Clinical outcomes, including the visual analog scale, neck disability index, Macnab criteria, and the motor function of the involved arm, were evaluated at 4, 8, 12, and 24 postoperative weeks. Visual analog scale and neck disability index improved significantly at 24 weeks postoperatively (P < .01). According to the Macnab criteria, "excellent," "good," and "fair" results were obtained for 55.9%, 30.3%, and 13.8% of patients, respectively. The post 24-week distribution of the involved upper extremity strength grade was significantly improved compared to the initial value (P = .02). One patient had a motor weakness with a decreased grade over 4 weeks from excessive irrigation. The posterior approach of BESS was efficient and feasible for the treatment of CDH.

SUBMITTER: Jung SB

PROVIDER: S-EPMC9259155 | biostudies-literature |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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The Use of Ultrasonic Bone Scalpel (UBS) in Unilateral Biportal Endoscopic Spine Surgery (UBESS): Technical Notes and Outcomes.

Project description:Study designCase Series and Technical Note, Objective: UBS has been extensively used in open surgery. However, the use of UBS during UBESS has not been reported in the literature. The aim of this study was to describe a new spinal surgical technique using an ultrasonic bone scalpel (UBS) during unilateral biportal endoscopic spine surgery (UBESS) and to report the preliminary results of this technique.MethodsWe enrolled patients diagnosed with lumbar spinal stenosis who underwent single-level UBESS. All patients were followed up for more than 12 months. A unilateral laminotomy was performed after bilateral decompression under endoscopy. We used the UBS system after direct visualization of the target for a bone cut. We evaluated the demographic characteristics, diagnosis, operative time, and estimated blood loss of the patients. Clinical outcomes included the visual analog scale (VAS), the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), the modified MacNab criteria, and postoperative complications.ResultsA total of twenty patients (five males and fifteen females) were enrolled in this study. The mean follow-up period was 13.2 months (range 12-17 months). The VAS score, ODI, and modified MacNab criteria classification improved after the surgery. A minimal mean blood loss of 22.1 mL was noted during the operation. Only one patient experienced neuropraxia, which resolved within 2 weeks. There was no durotomy, iatrogenic pars fracture, or infection.ConclusionsIn conclusion, our study represents the first report of the use of UBS during UBESS. Our findings demonstrate that this technique is safe and efficient, with improved clinical outcomes and minimal complications. These preliminary results warrant further investigation through larger clinical studies with longer follow-up periods to confirm the effectiveness of this technique in the treatment of lumbar spinal stenosis.

| S-EPMC9917882 | biostudies-literature

The Biportal Endoscopic Posterior Cervical Inclinatory Foraminotomy for Cervical Radiculopathy: Technical Report and Preliminary Results.

Project description:The purpose of the current study was to introduce a surgical technique for posterior cervical inclinatory foraminotomy (PCIF) using a percutaneous biportal endoscopic (BE) approach. Consecutive 7 patients underwent BE-PCIF for their cervical radiculopathy. Postoperative radiologic images (x-rays, computed tomography [CT], and magnetic resonance imaging [MRI]) were evaluated postoperatively for optimal neural decompression status and stability. A visual analogue scale (VAS) for the arm pain and the Neck Disability Index were used to evaluate clinical results in the preoperative and postoperative periods. Mean follow-up periods were 6.42 ± 2.99 months. The mean operative time was 101.42 ± 49.30 minutes. Postoperative MRI and CT revealed complete removal of herniated discs and ideal neural decompression of the treated segments in all patients. Disc height and stability were preserved on postoperative x-rays. Preoperative VAS and Oswestry Disability Index scores improved significantly after the surgery. BE-PCIF may be an effective surgical treatment of the cervical radiculopathic lesions, which provides successful surgical decompression as far as distal part of foramen with better operative view and more easy surgical manipulation. This approach may also minimize iatrogenic damages of the posterior cervical musculo-ligamentous structures and help to maximize the preservation of the facet joint.

| S-EPMC7410371 | biostudies-literature

Unilateral Biportal Endoscopic Laminectomy for Treating Cervical Stenosis: A Technical Note and Preliminary Results.

Project description:Objective: The objective of this study was to introduce a surgical technique for the percutaneous decompression of cervical stenosis (CS) using a unilateral biportal endoscopic approach and characterize its early clinical and radiographic results. Materials and Methods: Nineteen consecutive patients with CS who needed surgical intervention were recruited. All enrolled patients underwent unilateral biportal endoscopic laminectomy (UBEL). All patients were followed postoperatively for >1 year. The preoperative and final follow-up evaluations included the Japanese Orthopedic Association (JOA) score for neurological assessment, visual analogue scale (VAS) for axial pain and C2-C7 Cobb angle for cervical sagittal alignment. The postoperative complications were analyzed. Results: Thirteen males and six females were included in the analysis. The mean follow-up period was 16.3 ± 2.6 months. The mean operative time was 82.6 ± 18.4 min. Postoperative MRI and CT revealed ideal neural decompression of the treated segments in all patients. Preoperative VAS and JOA scores improved significantly after the surgery, and cervical lordosis was preserved on the postoperative images. Conclusions: UBEL was an effective surgical method for CS, which may also minimize iatrogenic damage to the posterior tension band (PTB) and help to maximize the preservation of the cervical lordosis.

| S-EPMC9965142 | biostudies-literature

Hypovitaminosis D and Cervical Disk Herniation among Adults Undergoing Spine Surgery.

Project description:Study Design Single-center, retrospective study. Objective Suboptimal concentrations of vitamin D have been linked to hip and knee osteoarthritis in large, population-based cohort studies. We sought to examine the association of vitamin D levels with intervertebral disk disease. Methods From January 2010 through May 2011, 91 consecutive, eligible adult spine surgery patients who had undergone cervical magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and preoperative serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (s25D) measurement were retrospectively included. MRI was read for C2-T1 disk herniation and degeneration (grades I to V). Logistic regressions were performed. Results Compared with the 384 disks of nondeficient patients, 162 disks of vitamin D-deficient (< 20 ng/mL) patients were more frequently herniated (40% versus 27%, p = 0.004); deficiency was not predictive of individual disk grade (unadjusted odds ratio [uOR] = 0.98, p = 0.817). On regression analysis, deficiency was associated with increased number of herniations per patient (uOR = 2.17, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.22 to 3.87, p = 0.009; adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 2.12, 95% CI = 1.11 to 4.03, p = 0.023). When disks were analyzed individually, and levels (e.g., C5 to C6), additionally controlled for, deficiency correlated with greater likelihood of herniation per disk (uOR = 1.81, 95% CI = 1.22 to 2.66, p = 0.003; aOR = 2.06, 95% CI = 1.25 to 3.41, p = 0.005). Conclusion Among adults undergoing spine surgery at our institution, vitamin D deficiency was associated with cervical disk herniation. Considering the current epidemics of vitamin D insufficiency and neck pain, further investigation is warranted, as these data were retrospectively collected and subject to sampling bias.

| S-EPMC3854581 | biostudies-other

Pseudomeningocele after biportal endoscopic spine surgery: A case report.

Project description:BackgroundBiportal endoscopic spinal surgery (BESS) was recently introduced and became prevalent fast. Incidental dural tear (IDT) could happen as one of the common complications even in endoscopic spine surgery.Case descriptionA 45-year old male underwent discectomy by BESS. IDT sized about 15mm at the dorsal surface of dura occurred during the laminotomy procedure with an osteotome. Revision surgery was planned for assuming that the IDT is small enough to be sealed with a patch.ConclusionRevision surgery using BESS for a small-sized IDT could be reasonable alternative treatment to preserve the soft tissue, the primary purpose of MISS.

| S-EPMC7068011 | biostudies-literature

Percutaneous Unilateral Biportal Endoscopic Spine Surgery Using a 30-Degree Arthroscope in Patients With Severe Lumbar Spinal Stenosis: A Technical Note.

Project description:BackgroundUnilateral biportal endoscopic surgery (UBESS) for severe lumbar central canal stenosis (LCCS) remains challenging.ObjectiveTo describe the use of UBESS with a 30-degree arthroscope in patients with severe LCCS.Materials and methodsWorking and viewing portals were created in each unilateral paravertebral area at the target interlaminar level. After ensuring the visual field with a 30-degree arthroscope, effective tissue removal was possible through safe access to the bilateral hypertrophic yellow ligament with minimal osteotomy. The authors evaluated 58 patients and analyzed the clinical outcomes using the visual analog scale, Macnab criteria, and self-predicted walking distance.ResultsThe visual analog scale scores for low back and leg pains decreased from 7.1 to 1.9 and from 7.9 to 1.6, respectively, at 18 months after the procedure. According to the Macnab criteria, "excellent," "good," and "fair" results were obtained in 51.7%, 41.4%, and 6.9% subjects, respectively. Before surgery, the subjects could walk a mean of 305.8±468.1 m. After surgery, 43.1% of the patients could walk for >1 hour, whereas the remaining patients could walk 1521.8±1831.1 m.ConclusionUBESS using a 30-degree arthroscope can be an efficient and safe intervention in patients with severe LCCS.

| S-EPMC6791497 | biostudies-literature

Contralateral Keyhole Biportal Endoscopic Surgery for Ruptured Lumbar Herniated Disc: A Technical Feasibility and Early Clinical Outcomes.

Project description:ObjectiveSpinal endoscopic surgery is increasingly adapted as a minimal invasive technique, however, significant facet joint violation may be developed after ipsilateral laminectomy. The aim of this study is to introduce surgical technique of contralateral keyhole biportal endoscopic surgery (CKES) for ruptured lumbar disc and report it is early surgical outcomes with facet joint violation.MethodsBetween January to December 2019, 27 patients with ruptured lumbar disc were underwent CKES. Simple radiographs were obtained to investigate development of iatrogenic instability or spondylolisthesis. Magnetic resonance imaging scan was checked about 8 hours after surgery to evaluate successful removal of ruptured disc and existence of facet joint violation. Clinical outcomes were assessed by modified MacNab criteria, visual analogue scale (VAS) scores of back and radicular pain.ResultsThe mean age of the patients was 62.8 ± 12.48 years. The average operative time and mean follow-up period were 57.1 ± 21.36 minutes and 8.1 ± 3.78 months, respectively. Compared to preoperative scores, the VAS scores of back and radicular pain were significantly improved. Modified MacNab outcome grade was good to excellent in 96.3% (26 out of 27 patients) of patients. The reduction rate of facet joint plane was about 4.9% after contralateral approach.ConclusionCKES may be considered as an excellent surgical option to treat ruptured lumbar disc without the development of iatrogenic instability. Low rate of facet joint reduction, good visualization of lateral recess, and identification of accurate midline of central spinal canal are advantages of the procedure.

| S-EPMC7410376 | biostudies-literature

Anterior cervical discectomy without fusion for a symptomatic cervical disk herniation.

Project description:BackgroundCervical radiculopathy is characterized by dysfunction of the nerve root usually caused by a cervical disk herniation. The most important symptom is pain, radiating from the neck to the arm. When conservative treatment fails, surgical treatment is indicated to relieve symptoms. During the last decades, multiple fusion techniques have been developed, although without clinical evidence for added value of fusion over non-fusion.MethodsThe surgical procedure of anterior cervical discectomy without fusion is performed step by step, leading to removal of the entire intervertebral disk.ConclusionAnterior cervical discectomy without fusion is a safe and effective treatment for cervical disk herniation.

| S-EPMC5486609 | biostudies-literature

Endoscopic Treatment of Extraforaminal Entrapment of L5 Nerve Root (Far Out Syndrome) by Unilateral Biportal Endoscopic Approach: Technical Report and Preliminary Clinical Results.

Project description:ObjectiveFar out syndrome is compression and entrapment of the L5 nerve root in the extraforaminal area between the hypertrophied L5 transverse process and the sacral ala. The purpose of this study was to describe the technique of unilateral biportal endoscopic decompression for far out syndrome and to analyze early clinical results after endoscopic decompression.MethodsThe authors consecutively performed operative treatments for 16 patients with unilateral extraforaminal entrapment of the L5 nerve root (far out syndrome) using percutaneous biportal endoscopies. We included only patients who were followed more than six months after surgery. Demographic characteristics, operative time, concomitant herniated disc, and surgical complications were investigated. Clinical outcomes were evaluated using modified MacNab criteria, the visual analogue scale (VAS) for legs, and the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI).ResultsAmong 16 patients, a total of 14 cases with 4 males and 10 females were included in the study. The mean leg VAS and the ODI were significantly improved after unilateral biportal endoscopic surgery. Concomitant extraforaminal disc herniation was associated with a favorable outcome (p<0.05). Abdominal pain in the immediate postoperative period occurred in 2 patients. Abdominal pain was completely resolved with conservative management in both patients.ConclusionWe were able to achieve successful decompression of unilateral extraforaminal entrapment of the L5 nerve root using unilateral biportal endoscopic surgery. A unilateral biportal endoscopic approach may be considered as an alternative surgical treatment for far out syndrome.

| S-EPMC6449829 | biostudies-literature

Transforaminal Endoscopic Lumbar Discectomy for L5-S1 Disc Herniation With High Iliac Crest: Technical Note and Preliminary Series.

Project description:With the trend of minimally invasive spine surgery, full-endoscopic lumbar discectomy (FELD) has evolved with the advancement of the optics and instruments. Regarding the techniques, the transforaminal and interlaminar approach remain the major accesses in FELD. Transforaminal endoscopic lumbar discectomy (TELD) is an effective and safe treatment for herniation of the lumbar disc. More and more evidence supports the TELD in enhancing recovery and decreasing surgical complications. However, the learning curve of TELD remains steep, especially at the L5-S1 level. The iliac crest height is an essential factor in the operability of TELD at the L5-S1 level. In the situation of the high iliac crest, TELD is technically challenging even for an experienced surgeon. Therefore, the authors report their techniques of TELD with foraminoplasty step-by-step and the preliminary results in this report.

| S-EPMC7410374 | biostudies-literature

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