The Effect of Claustrophobic Tendencies on Digital Spatial Preferences.
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Chung S
PROVIDER: S-EPMC9260385 | biostudies-literature |
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Project description:ObjectiveTo investigate which magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scanner designs claustrophobic patients prefer.Material/methodsWe analyzed questionnaires completed by 160 patients at high risk for claustrophobia directly after a scan in either a short-bore or open panoramic scanner as part of a prospective randomized trial Enders et al (BMC Med Imaging 11:4, 2011). Scanner preferences were judged based on schematic drawings of four scanners. Information on the diagnostic performance of the depicted scanners was provided, too.ResultsA majority of patients suggested upright open (59/160, 36.9%) and open panoramic (53/160, 33.1%) before short-bore designs (26/160, 16.3%, for all p < 0.001) for future development. When asked about patients' preferred scanner choice for an upcoming examination, information about a better diagnostic performance of a short-bore scanner significantly improved its preference rates (from 6/160 to 49/160 or 3.8 to 30.5%, p < 0.001). Patients with a claustrophobic event preferred open designs significantly more often than patients without a claustrophobic event (p = 0.047). Patients scanned in a short-bore scanner in our trial preferred this design significantly more often (p = 0.003). Noise reduction (51/160, 31.9%), more space over the head (44/160, 27.5%), and overall more space (33/160, 20.6%) were the commonest suggested areas of improvement.ConclusionPatients at high risk for claustrophobia visually prefer open- over short-bore MRI designs for further development. Education about a better diagnostic performance of a visually less-attractive scanner can increase its acceptance. Noise and space were of most concern for claustrophobic patients. This information can guide individual referral of claustrophobic patients to scanners and future scanner development.Key points• Patients at high risk for claustrophobia visually favor the further development of open scanners as opposed to short- and closed-bore scanner designs. • Educating claustrophobic patients about a higher diagnostic performance of a short-bore scanner can significantly increase their acceptance of this otherwise visually less-attractive design. • A medical history of earlier claustrophobic events in a given MRI scanner type and focusing on the features "more space" and "noise reduction" can help to guide referral of patients who are at high risk for claustrophobia.
| S-EPMC7880963 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Culturing cells confined in microscale geometries has been reported in many studies this last decade, in particular following the development of microfluidic-based applications and lab-on-a-chip devices. Such studies usually examine growth of Escherichia coli. In this article, we show that E. coli may be a poor model and that spatial confinement can severely prevent the growth of many micro-organisms. By studying different bacteria and confinement geometries, we determine that the growth inhibition observed for some bacteria results from fast dioxygen depletion, inherent to spatial confinement, and not to any depletion of nutriments. This article unravels the physical origin of confinement problems in cell culture, highlighting the importance of oxygen depletion, and paves the way for the effective culturing of bacteria in confined geometries by demonstrating enhanced cell growth in confined geometries in the proximity of air bubbles.
| S-EPMC8697133 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Analogue zeitgebers such as wristwatches and alarm clocks are essential for structuring everyday life. Since the dawn of the digital revolution - particularly since the advent of the smartphone - mobile phones have increasingly replaced analogue zeitgebers as a means of telling time. This functionality may prove problematic, in that it may contribute to the overuse of digital media (e.g. when checking the time turns into extended use of other smartphone utilities, including Internet-based applications). Of N = 3084 participants, 45% reported wearing a wristwatch and 67% used an analogue alarm clock. We observed that participants who reported using analogue zeitgebers used their mobile-/smartphone significantly less. Use of analogue zeitgebers may prove a practical tool for therapeutic and preventative interventions for problematic Internet use in an increasingly digital age.
| S-EPMC5845952 | biostudies-literature
Project description: Not available
| S-EPMC10621991 | biostudies-literature
Project description:The assessment of programmed death 1 ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression by Immunohistochemistry (IHC) is the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved predictive marker to select responders to checkpoint blockade anti-PD-1/PD-L1 axis immunotherapies. Different PD-L1 immunohistochemistry (IHC) assays use different antibodies and different scoring methods in tumor cells and immune cells. Multiple studies have compared the performance of these assays with variable results. Here, we investigate an alternative method for assessment of PD-L1 using a new technology known as digital spatial profiling. We use a previously described standardization tissue microarray (TMA) to assess the accuracy of the method and compare digital spatial profiler (DSP) to each FDA-approved PD-L1 assays, one LDT assay and three quantitative fluorescence assays. The standardized cell line Index tissue microarray contains 10 isogenic cells lines in triplicates expressing various ranges of PD-L1. The dynamic range of PD-L1 digital counts was measured in the ten cell lines on the Index TMA using the GeoMx DSP assay and read on the nCounter platform. The digital method shows very high correlation with immunohistochemistry scored with quantitative software and with quantitative fluorescence. High correlation of PD-L1 digital DSP counts were seen between rows on the same Index TMA. Finally, experiments from two Index TMAs showed reproducibility of DSP counts were independent of variable slide storage time over a three-week period after antibody labeling but before collection of cleaved tags. In summary, DSP appears to have quantitative potential comparable to quantitative immunohistochemistry. It is possible that this technology could be used as a PD-L1 protein measurement system for companion diagnostic testing for immune therapy.
| S-EPMC7502436 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Collapsing glomerulopathy is a histologically distinct variant of focal and segmental glomerulosclerosis that presents with heavy proteinuria and portends a poor prognosis. Collapsing glomerulopathy can be triggered by viral infections such as HIV or SARS-CoV-2. Transcriptional profiling of collapsing glomerulopathy lesions is difficult since only a few glomeruli may exhibit this histology within a kidney biopsy and the mechanisms driving this heterogeneity are unknown. Therefore, we used recently developed digital spatial profiling (DSP) technology which permits quantification of mRNA at the level of individual glomeruli. Using DSP, we profiled 1,852 transcripts in glomeruli isolated from formalin fixed paraffin embedded sections from HIV or SARS-CoV-2-infected patients with biopsy-confirmed collapsing glomerulopathy and used normal biopsy sections as controls. Even though glomeruli with collapsing features appeared histologically similar across both groups of patients by light microscopy, the increased resolution of DSP uncovered intra- and inter-patient heterogeneity in glomerular transcriptional profiles that were missed in early laser capture microdissection studies of pooled glomeruli. Focused validation using immunohistochemistry and RNA in situ hybridization showed good concordance with DSP results. Thus, DSP represents a powerful method to dissect transcriptional programs of pathologically discernible kidney lesions.
| S-EPMC9038707 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Aesthetics has been characterized as a triadic interaction of perceptual, emotional, and conceptual neural systems (e.g., Chatterjee & Vartanian, 2014). There has been much empirical effort to identify the visual features that contribute to the perceptual component of this triad (e.g., Mather, 2020). Here, we measured infants' visual preferences and adults' aesthetic preferences for 40 of van Gogh's landscape paintings and investigated the contribution of the chromatic and spatial image statistics of the art to infants' and adults' responses. We found that infants' and adults' responses were significantly related: infants looked longer at the art that the adults found more pleasant. We also found that our combination of chromatic and spatial image statistics could account for around two thirds of the variance in infant looking and adult pleasantness ratings. The amount of variation in the luminance and saturation of the art's pixels contributed to both infants' visual preferences and adults' aesthetic preferences, potentially identifying two "perceptual primitives" of aesthetics that can be traced back to early sensory biases in infancy. We also identified important differences in the types of image statistics that predict infants' and adults' responses. We discuss the findings in relation to theories of aesthetics, natural scene statistics, and infant vision and perception.
| S-EPMC10399602 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundMicroRNAs are an important class of regulatory RNAs which repress animal genes by preferentially interacting with complementary sequence motifs in the 3' untranslated region (UTR) of target mRNAs. Computational methods have been developed which can successfully predict which microRNA may target which mRNA on a genome-wide scale.ResultsWe address how predicted target sites may be affected by alternative polyadenylation events changing the 3'UTR sequence. We find that two thirds of targeted genes have alternative 3'UTRs, with 40% of predicted target sites located in alternative UTR segments. We propose three classes based on whether the target sites fall within constitutive and/or alternative UTR segments, and examine the spatial distribution of predicted targets in alternative UTRs. In particular, there is a strong preference for targets to be located in close vicinity of the stop codon and the polyadenylation sites.ConclusionThe transcript diversity seen in non-coding regions, as well as the relative location of miRNA target sites defined by it, has a potentially large impact on gene regulation by miRNAs and should be taken into account when defining, predicting or validating miRNA targets.
| S-EPMC1904200 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BACKGROUND:Designers of digital interventions for mental health often leverage interactions from games because the intrinsic motivation that results from game-based interventions may increase participation and translate into improved treatment efficacy. However, there are outstanding questions about the suitability (eg, are desktop or mobile interventions more appropriate?) and intervention potential (eg, do people with depression activate enough to play?) of games for mental health. OBJECTIVE:In this paper, we aimed to describe the presently unknown relationship between gaming activity and indicators of well-being so that designers make informed choices when designing game-based interventions for mental health. METHODS:We gathered validated scales of well-being (Beck's Depression Inventory [BDI-II], Patient Health Questionnaire [PHQ-9], trait anxiety [TA], and basic psychological needs satisfaction [BPNS]), play importance (control over game behavior: control; gamer identity: identity), and play behavior (play frequency, platform preferences, and genre preferences) in a Web-based survey (N=491). RESULTS:The majority of our participants played games a few times a week (45.3%, 222/490) or daily (34.3%, 168/490). In terms of depression, play frequency was associated with PHQ-9 (P=.003); PHQ-9 scores were higher for those who played daily than for those who played a few times a week or less. Similarly, for BDI-II (P=.01), scores were higher for those who played daily than for those who played once a week or less. Genre preferences were not associated with PHQ-9 (P=.32) or BDI-II (P=.68); however, platform preference (ie, mobile, desktop, or console) was associated with PHQ-9 (P=.04); desktop-only players had higher PHQ-9 scores than those who used all platforms. Platform preference was not associated with BDI-II (P=.18). In terms of anxiety, TA was not associated with frequency (P=.23), platform preference (P=.07), or genre preference (P=.99). In terms of needs satisfaction, BPNS was not associated with frequency (P=.25) or genre preference (P=.53), but it was associated with platform preference (P=.01); desktop-only players had lower needs satisfaction than those who used all platforms. As expected, play frequency was associated with identity (P<.001) and control (P<.001); those who played more had identified more as a gamer and had less control over their gameplay. Genre preference was associated with identity (P<.001) and control (P<.001); those who played most common genres had higher control over their play and identified most as gamers. Platform preference was not associated with control (P=.80), but was with identity (P=.001); those who played on all devices identified more as a gamer than those who played on mobiles or consoles only. CONCLUSIONS:Our results suggest that games are a suitable approach for mental health interventions as they are played broadly by people across a range of indicators of mental health. We further unpack the platform preferences and genre preferences of players with varying levels of well-being.
| S-EPMC5418528 | biostudies-literature
Project description:This paper examines the impact of widespread adoption of information and communication technologies (ICT) on urban structure worldwide. Has it offset agglomeration benefits and led to more dispersed spatial structures, or has it strengthened urban externalities and thus resulted in more concentrated spatial structures? Theoretical and empirical studies on this question have produced contradictory findings. The present study recognizes that assumptions made earlier about the evolution of technological capabilities do not necessarily hold today. As cutting-edge digital technologies have matured considerably, a fresh look at this question is called for. The paper addresses this issue by means of several data sets using instrumental variable methods. One is the UN data on Urban Settlements with more than 300, 000 inhabitants. Estimation methods with these data show that increased adoption of ICT has resulted in national urban systems that are less uniform in terms of city sizes and are characterized by higher population concentrations in larger cities, when concentration is proxied the Pareto (Zipf) coefficient for national city size distributions. Two, is disaggregated data for the urban systems of the US, defined as Micropolitan and Metropolitan Areas, and for the UK, defined as Built-up Areas in England and Wales, respectively. These data allow for the impacts to be studied for cities smaller than those included in the cross-country data. Increased internet usage improved a city's ranking in the US urban system. Similarly, increased download speed improves a built-up area's ranking in England and Wales.
| S-EPMC8049296 | biostudies-literature