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Microbial Succession and Interactions During the Manufacture of Fu Brick Tea.

ABSTRACT: Fu Brick tea is a very popular post-fermented tea that is known for its "golden flower fungus," Aspergillus cristatus, which becomes the dominant microbe during the maturation process. This study used both culture-dependent methods and high-throughput sequencing to track microbial succession and interactions during the development of the golden flower fungus, a crucial component of the manufacturing process of Fu Brick tea. Among the bacterial communities, Klebsiella and Lactobacillus were consistently cultured from both fresh tea leaves and in post-fermentation Fu Brick tea. Methylobacterium, Pelomonas, and Sphingomonas were dominant genera in fresh tea leaves but declined once fermentation started, while Bacillus, Kluyvera, and Paenibacillus became dominant after piling fermentation. The abundance of A. cristatus increased during the manufacturing process, accounting for over 98% of all fungi present after the golden flower bloom in the Fu Brick tea product. Despite their consistent presence during culture work, network analysis showed Lactobacillus and Klebsiella to be negatively correlated with A. cristatus. Bacillus spp., as expected from culture work, positively correlated with the presence of golden flower fungus. This study provides complete insights about the succession of microbial communities and highlights the importance of co-occurrence microbes with A. cristatus during the manufacturing process of Fu Brick tea.

SUBMITTER: Xiang M

PROVIDER: S-EPMC9261264 | biostudies-literature |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Project description:Knowledge of dynamic interactions between natural organic matter (NOM) and microbial communities is critical not only to delineate the routes of NOM degradation/transformation and carbon (C) fluxes, but also to understand microbial community evolution and succession in ecosystems. Yet, these processes in subsurface environments are usually studied independently, and a comprehensive view has been elusive thus far. In this study, we fed sediment-derived dissolved organic matter (DOM) to groundwater microbes and continually analyzed microbial transformation of DOM over a 50-day incubation. To document fine-scale changes in DOM chemistry, we applied high-resolution Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS) and soft X-ray absorption spectroscopy (sXAS). We also monitored the trajectory of microbial biomass, community structure and activity over this time period. Together, these analyses provided an unprecedented comprehensive view of interactions between sediment-derived DOM and indigenous subsurface groundwater microbes. Microbial decomposition of labile C in DOM was immediately evident from biomass increase and total organic carbon (TOC) decrease. The change of microbial composition was closely related to DOM turnover: microbial community in early stages of incubation was influenced by relatively labile tannin- and protein-like compounds; while in later stages the community composition evolved to be most correlated with less labile lipid- and lignin-like compounds. These changes in microbial community structure and function, coupled with the contribution of microbial products to DOM pool affected the further transformation of DOM, culminating in stark changes to DOM composition over time. Our study demonstrates a distinct response of microbial communities to biotransformation of DOM, which improves our understanding of coupled interactions between sediment-derived DOM, microbial processes, and community structure in subsurface groundwater.

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Microbial Succession and Interactions During the Manufacture of Fu Brick Tea.

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