Dataset Information

Grain Legume Yield Responses to Rhizobia Inoculants and Phosphorus Supplementation Under Ghana Soils: A Meta-Synthesis.

ABSTRACT: A discrete number of studies have been conducted on the effects of rhizobia (Rhz) inoculants, phosphorus (P) management, and combined application of Rhz and P fertilizer on the enhancement of grain legume yield across soils of Ghana and elsewhere. However, the extent to which the various inoculated Rhz strains, P application, and combined application of Rhz + P studies contribute to improving yield, performed on a comprehensive analysis approach, and profit farmers are yet to be understood. This study reviewed different experimental studies conducted on soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.), cowpea (Vigna unguiculata [L.] Walp), and groundnut (Arachis hypogaea [L.]) to which Rhz inoculants, P supplements, or Rhz + P combination were applied to improve the yield in Ghana. Multiple-step search combinations of published articles and multivariate analysis computing approaches were used to assess the effects of Rhz inoculation, P application, or both application of Rhz and P on yield variation. The random forest (RF) regression model was further employed to quantify the relative importance of various predictor variables on yield. The meta-analysis results showed that cowpea exhibited the highest (61.7%) and groundnut (19.8%) the lowest average yield change. The RF regression model revealed that the combined application of Rhz and P fertilizer (10.5%) and Rhz inoculation alone (7.8%) were the highest explanatory variables to predict yield variation in soybean. The Rhz + P combination, Rhz inoculation, and genotype wang-Kae explained 11.6, 10.02, and 8.04% of yield variability for cowpea, respectively. The yield in the inoculated plants increased by 1.48-, 1.26-, and 1.16-fold when compared to that in the non-inoculated cowpea plants following inoculation with BR 3299, KNUST 1002, and KNUST 1006 strains, respectively. KNUST 1006 strain exhibited the highest yield increase ratio (1.3-fold) in groundnut plants. Inoculants formulation with a viable concentration of 10⁹ cells g^-1 and a minimum inoculum rate of 1.0 × 10⁶ cells seed^-1 achieved the highest average yield change for soybean but not for cowpea and groundnut. The meta-analysis calls for prospective studies to investigate the minimum rate of bacterial cells required for optimum inoculation responses in cowpea and groundnut.

SUBMITTER: Buernor AB

PROVIDER: S-EPMC9261782 | biostudies-literature |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Project description:Phosphorus (P) recycling and carbon partitioning are crucial determinants of P-use efficiency and grain yield in maize (Zea mays), while a full understanding of how differences in P availability/plant P status affect these two processes underlying yield formation remains elusive. Field experiments were conducted for 3 years to investigate the maize growth, P remobilization, and carbohydrate accumulation in leaves and developing ears of plants receiving low to high P inputs. In plots that 75 kg P2O5 ha-1 and above was applied (corresponding to 7.5 mg kg-1 and higher Olsen-P concentration in 0-20 cm soil layer), no additional response occurred in leaf area, ear growth, and grain yield. Despite the higher P uptake with P fertilization above this threshold, the lack of additional plant growth and yield resulted in decreased P-use efficiency. Regardless of P application rates, P remobilization to the ear during the first half of the grain filling phase preferentially came from the stem (50-76%) rather than from leaves (30-44%), and with a greater proportion in the inorganic P (Pi) form over organic P fractions. Leaf photosynthesis was maintained under P-limiting conditions due to the greater P investment in organic P pools than Pi. More and larger starch granules were found in the bundle sheath cells at silking or 21 days after silking (DAS) than under P-sufficient conditions. The amount of total carbohydrate production and export was lower in the P-deficient plants than the high-P plants, corresponding to decreased leaf size and lifespan. Nonetheless, similar or significantly greater starch levels were observed in both cob and kernels at silking and 21 DAS, implying there was an adequate carbohydrate supply to the developing ears under the diminished kernel sink of the P starvation. In addition, there was a strong correlation between the accumulation rates of carbon and remobilized P in the developing kernels, as well as between carbon and total P. Overall, the results indicated that diminished sink size and lower capacity of carbon deposition may limit yield formation in P-deficient maize, which in turn imposes a feedback regulation on reducing carbon and P remobilization from source leaves. An integrated framework considering post-silking P recycling and carbon partitioning in maize and their effects on grain yield has been proposed.

Project description:BackgroundPhosphorus (P) fixation on aluminum (Al) and iron (Fe) oxides in soil clays restricts P availability for crops cultivated on highly weathered tropical soils, which are common in developing countries. Hence, P deficiency becomes a major obstacle for global food security. We used multi-trait quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping to study the genetic architecture of P efficiency and to explore the importance of root traits on sorghum grain yield on a tropical low-P soil.ResultsP acquisition efficiency was the most important component of P efficiency, and both traits were highly correlated with grain yield under low P availability. Root surface area was positively associated with grain yield. The guinea parent, SC283, contributed 58% of all favorable alleles detected by single-trait mapping. Multi-trait mapping detected 14 grain yield and/or root morphology QTLs. Tightly linked or pleiotropic QTL underlying the surface area of fine roots (1-2?mm in diameter) and grain yield were detected at positions 1-7 megabase pairs (Mb) and 71?Mb on chromosome 3, respectively, and a root diameter/grain yield QTL was detected at 7?Mb on chromosome 7. All these QTLs were near sorghum homologs of the rice serine/threonine kinase, OsPSTOL1. The SbPSTOL1 genes on chromosome 3, Sb03g006765 at 7?Mb and Sb03g031690 at 60?Mb were more highly expressed in SC283, which donated the favorable alleles at all QTLs found nearby SbPSTOL1 genes. The Al tolerance gene, SbMATE, may also influence a grain yield QTL on chromosome 3. Another PSTOL1-like gene, Sb07g02840, appears to enhance grain yield via small increases in root diameter. Co-localization analyses suggested a role for other genes, such as a sorghum homolog of the Arabidopsis ubiquitin-conjugating E2 enzyme, phosphate 2 (PHO2), on grain yield advantage conferred by the elite parent, BR007 allele.ConclusionsGenetic determinants conferring higher root surface area and slight increases in fine root diameter may favor P uptake, thereby enhancing grain yield under low-P availability in the soil. Molecular markers for SbPSTOL1 genes and for QTL increasing grain yield by non-root morphology-based mechanisms hold promise in breeding strategies aimed at developing sorghum cultivars adapted to low-P soils.

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Grain Legume Yield Responses to Rhizobia Inoculants and Phosphorus Supplementation Under Ghana Soils: A Meta-Synthesis.

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