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Injectable Platelet-Rich Fibrin as a Drug Carrier Increases the Antibacterial Susceptibility of Antibiotic-Clindamycin Phosphate.

ABSTRACT: The aim of this study was to investigate the change in clindamycin phosphate antibacterial properties against Gram-positive bacteria using the platelet-rich fibrin as a carrier matrix, and evaluate the changes in the antibiotic within the matrix. The antibacterial properties of CLP and its combination with PRF were tested in a microdilution test against reference cultures and clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) or Staphylococcus epidermidis (S. epidermidis). Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis was done to evaluate the changes in the PRF_CLP matrix. Release kinetics of CLP was defined with ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC). According to FTIR data, the use of PRF as a carrier for CLP ensured the structural changes in the CLP toward a more active form of clindamycin. A significant decrease in minimal bactericidal concentration values (from 1000 µg/mL to 62 µg/mL) against reference cultures and clinical isolates of S. aureus and S. epidermidis was observed for the CLP and PRF samples if compared to pure CLP solution. In vitro cell viability tests showed that PRF and PRF with CLP have higher cell viability than 70% after 24 h and 48 h time points. This article indicates that CLP in combination with PRF showed higher antibacterial activity against S. aureus and S. epidermidis compared to pure CLP solution. This modified PRF could be used as a novel method to increase drug delivery and efficacy, and to reduce the risk of postoperative infection.

SUBMITTER: Egle K

PROVIDER: S-EPMC9266531 | biostudies-literature |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Leucocyte and Platelet-rich Fibrin: a carrier of autologous multipotent cells for regenerative medicine.

Project description:The wound healing is a complex process wherein inflammation, proliferation and regeneration evolve according to a spatio-temporal pattern from the activation of coagulation cascade to the formation of a plug clot including fibrin matrix, blood-borne cells and cytokines/growth factors. Creating environments conducive to tissue repair, the haemoderivatives are commonly proposed for the treatment of hard-to-heal wounds. Here, we explored in vitro the intrinsic regenerative potentialities of a leucocyte- and platelet-rich fibrin product, known as CPL-MB, defining the stemness grade of cells sprouting from the haemoderivative. Using highly concentrated serum-based medium to simulate wound conditions, we isolated fibroblast-like cells (CPL-CMCs) adhering to plastic and showing stable in vitro propagation, heterogeneous stem cell expression pattern, endothelial adhesive properties and immunomodulatory profile. Due to their blood derivation and expression of CXCR4, CPL-CMCs have been suggested to be immature cells circulating in peripheral blood at quiescent state until activation by both coagulation event and inflammatory stimuli such as stromal-derived factor 1/SDF1. Expressing integrins (CD49f, CD103), vascular adhesion molecules (CD106, CD166), endoglin (CD105) and remodelling matrix enzymes (MMP2, MMP9, MMP13), they showed a transendothelial migratory potential besides multipotency. Taken together, our data suggested that a standardized, reliable and economically feasible blood product such as CPL-MB functions as an artificial stem cell niche that, under permissive conditions, originate ex vivo immature cells that could be useful for autologous stem cell-based therapies.

| S-EPMC5824368 | biostudies-literature

Antimicrobial and antibiofilm potential of injectable platelet rich fibrin-a second-generation platelet concentrate-against biofilm producing oral staphylococcus isolates.

Project description:Injectable Platelet rich fibrin (i-PRF) is a platelet concentrate that has been extensively used for multiple medical purposes and is a valuable adjunct for the regeneration of damaged tissues in surgical procedures. The enriched bioactive substances in i-PRF are responsible for speeding the wound healing process. Infection of biofilm producing bacteria in surgical wounds is becoming a serious threat. Research in this field is focused on new strategies to fight infections and to reduce the healing time. The present study was aimed to evaluate the in vitro antimicrobial and antibiofilm effects of i-PRF against oral pathogenic biofilm producing staphylococcus bacteria isolated from patient with dental and oral abscess. The antibacterial activity of i-PRF, was determined through broth microdilution as minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC). i-PRF exhibited bactericidal activity against both non biofilm and biofilm producing bacteria. i-PRF could be potential antimicrobial peptide used to combat postoperative infections caused by biofilm producing staphylococcus.

| S-EPMC6933211 | biostudies-literature

Platelet-rich fibrin suppresses in vitro osteoclastogenesis.

Project description:BACKGROUND:Platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) membranes can preserve alveolar ridge dimension after tooth extraction. Thus, it can be presumed that PRF suppresses the catabolic events that are caused by osteoclastic bone resorption. METHODS:To address this possibility, we investigated the impact of soluble extracts of PRF membranes on in vitro osteoclastogenesis in murine bone marrow cultures. Osteoclastogenesis was induced by exposing murine bone marrow cultures to receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B ligand (RANKL), macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) and transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-?1) in the presence or absence of PRF. Osteoclastogenesis was evaluated based on histochemical, gene expression, and resorption analysis. Viability was confirmed by formation of formazan crystals, live-dead staining and caspase-3 activity assay. RESULTS:We report here that in vitro osteoclastogenesis is greatly suppressed by soluble extracts of PRF membranes as indicated by tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining and pit formation. In support of the histochemical observations, soluble extracts of PRF membranes decreased expression levels of the osteoclast marker genes TRAP, Cathepsin K, dendritic cell-specific transmembrane protein (DCSTAMP), nuclear factor of activated T-cells (NFATc1), and osteoclast-associated receptor (OSCAR). PRF membranes, however, cannot reverse the process once osteoclastogenesis has evolved. CONCLUSION:These in vitro findings indicate that PRF membranes can inhibit the formation of osteoclasts from hematopoietic progenitors in bone marrow cultures. Overall, our results imply that the favorable effects of PRF membranes in alveolar ridge preservation may be attributed, at least in part, by the inhibition of osteoclastogenesis.

| S-EPMC7155126 | biostudies-literature

Platelet-Rich Fibrin Increases BMP2 Expression in Oral Fibroblasts via Activation of TGF-β Signaling.

Project description:Solid platelet-rich fibrin (PRF), consisting of coagulated plasma from fractionated blood, has been proposed to be a suitable carrier for recombinant bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2) to target mesenchymal cells during bone regeneration. However, whether solid PRF can increase the expression of BMPs in mesenchymal cells remains unknown. Proteomics analysis confirmed the presence of TGF-β1 but not BMP2 in PRF lysates. According to the existing knowledge of recombinant TGF-β1, we hypothesized that PRF can increase BMP2 expression in mesenchymal cells. To test this hypothesis, we blocked TGF-β receptor 1 kinase with SB431542 in gingival fibroblasts exposed to PRF lysates. RT-PCR and immunoassays confirmed that solid PRF lysates caused a robust SB431542-dependent increase in BMP2 expression in gingival fibroblasts. Additionally, fractions of liquid PRF, namely platelet-poor plasma (PPP) and the buffy coat (BC) layer, but not heat-denatured PPP (Alb-gel), greatly induced the expression of BMP2 in gingival fibroblasts. Even though PRF has no detectable BMPs, PRF lysates similar to recombinant TGF-β1 had the capacity to provoke canonical BMP signaling, as indicated by the nuclear translocation of Smad1/5 and the increase in its phosphorylation. Taken together, our data suggest that PRF can activate TGF-β receptor 1 kinase and consequently induce the production of BMP2 in cells of the mesenchymal lineage.

| S-EPMC8347014 | biostudies-literature

Efficacy of injectable platelet-rich fibrin in the erosive oral lichen planus: a split-mouth, randomized, controlled clinical trial.

Project description:ObjectiveOur study compared the effects of injectable platelet-rich fibrin (i-PRF) with those of corticosteroids in the treatment of erosive oral lichen planus (EOLP).MethodologyThis split-mouth study included 24 individuals diagnosed histopathologically with bilateral EOLP. One bilateral lesion was injected with i-PRF, whereas the other was injected with methylprednisolone acetate in four sessions at 15-day intervals. Visual analog scale (VAS) for pain and satisfaction, oral health impact profile scale-14, and the lesion size were used.ResultsThe intragroup comparisons showed a significant decrease in VAS-pain and lesion size in both the i-PRF group (from 81.88±17.74 to 13.33±18.34, and from 4.79±0.41 to 1.88±1.08, respectively) and the corticosteroid group (from 80.21±17.35 to 23.33±26.81, and from 4.71±0.46 to 2.21±1.35, respectively) in the 6th month compared to baseline (p<0.001). Moreover, VAS-satisfaction increased significantly in both the i-PRF group (from 26.67±17.8 to 85.63±16.24) and the corticosteroid group (from 28.33±17.05 to 74.38±24.11) in the 6th month compared to baseline (p<0.001). However, no significant difference in any value occurred in the intergroup comparisons.ConclusionIn patients with EOLP, both methods decreased pain and lesion size similarly, and both increased satisfaction. Therefore, the use of i-PRF may be considered an option in cases refractory to topical corticosteroid therapy. Biochemical and histopathological studies are required to reveal the mechanism of i-PRF action in EOLP treatment.

| S-EPMC8523099 | biostudies-literature

Angiogenic Properties of 'Leukocyte- and Platelet-Rich Fibrin'.

Project description:Leukocyte- and Platelet-Rich Fibrin (L-PRF) is an autologous platelet concentrate, consisting of a fibrin matrix enriched with platelets, leukocytes and a plethora of cytokines and growth factors. Since L-PRF is produced bedside from whole blood without the use of an anti-coagulant, it is becoming a popular adjuvant in regenerative medicine. While other types of platelet concentrates have been described to stimulate blood vessel formation, little is known about the angiogenic capacities of L-PRF. Therefore, this study aimed to fully characterize the angiogenic potential of L-PRF. With an antibody array, the growth factors released by L-PRF were determined and high levels of CXC chemokine receptor 2 (CXCR-2) ligands and epidermal growth factor (EGF) were found. L-PRF induced in vitro key steps of the angiogenic process: endothelial proliferation, migration and tube formation. In addition, we could clearly demonstrate that L-PRF is able to induce blood vessel formation in vivo, the chorioallantoic membrane assay. In conclusion, we could demonstrate the angiogenic capacity of L-PRF both in vitro and in vivo, underlying the clinical potential of this easy-to-use platelet concentrate.

| S-EPMC6168453 | biostudies-literature

Autologous platelet-rich fibrin stimulates canine periodontal regeneration.

Project description:Platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) provides a scaffold for cell migration and growth factors for promoting wound healing and tissue regeneration. Here, we report using PRF in periodontal healing after open flap debridement (OFD) in canine periodontitis. A split-mouth design was performed in twenty dogs. Forty periodontitis surgical sites were randomly categorized into 2 groups; OFD alone and OFD with PRF treatment. Clinical parameters of periodontal pocket depth, gingival index, and the cemento-enamel junction-alveolar bone levels/root length ratio were improved in the OFD + PRF group. The OFD + PRF group also demonstrated a dramatically decreased inflammatory score compared with the OFD group. Collagen accumulation was improved in the OFD + PRF group at later time points compared with baseline. PRF application also significantly reduced inflammatory cytokine expression (TNFA and IL1B), and promoted the expression of collagen production-related genes (COL1A1, COL3A1, and TIMP1) and growth factors (PDGFB, TGFB1, and VEGFA). These findings suggest that PRF combined with OFD provides a new strategy to enhance the overall improvement of canine periodontitis treatment outcomes, especially in terms of inflammation and soft tissue healing. Therefore, PRF use in treating periodontitis could play an important role as a regenerative material to improve canine periodontitis treatment.

| S-EPMC7002419 | biostudies-literature

Autologous platelet-rich fibrin promotes wound healing in cats.

Project description:Street cats commonly present large skin wounds that pose significant challenges in veterinary practice. Platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) is a second-generation platelet concentrate increasingly used in humans to promote wound healing. Ease of use and clinical success in humans has prompted interest in using PRF in veterinary practice. However, until now, there is no reported study on the use of autologous PRF in feline wound management. This study evaluated the effect of application of autologous PRF in cats with naturally occurring cutaneous wounds. 16 cats with full-thickness cutaneous acute/subacute wounds were randomly allocated to PRF or Control (standard care) groups. Each cat was enrolled for 2 weeks. PRF was prepared according to previously described procedures. PRF was applied on Days 1 and 4 in addition to standard wound care. Wound size was measured using tracing planimetry. Wound surface area was calculated using SketchAndCalc™ software on scanned tracing images. Average wound sizes at enrolment were 8.39 cm2 (Control) (standard deviation (SD) 5.08 cm2) and 9.18 cm2 (PRF) (SD 3.71 cm2) (range 2.42-15.97 cm2). By Day 14, the mean wound size for the Control group was 2.17 cm2 (SD 1.52 cm2) and for the PRF was 0.62 cm2 (SD 0.44 cm2) (p = 0.015). At Day 14, the PRF group showed mean 93.85% wound contraction with SD 3.66, while the control group showed mean 76.23% wound contraction with SD 5.30 (p = <0.0001). Based on the results, PRF could be further investigated to promote wound healing in cats as a low-risk and convenient adjunctive therapy.

| S-EPMC10213361 | biostudies-literature

Platelet-Rich Fibrin Decreases the Inflammatory Response of Mesenchymal Cells.

Project description:Chronic inflammation is a pathological process where cells of the mesenchymal lineage become a major source of inflammatory mediators. Platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) has been shown to possess potent anti-inflammatory activity in macrophages, but its impact on mesenchymal cells has not been investigated. The aim of this study was, therefore, to expose mesenchymal cells to inflammatory cytokines together with lysates generated from liquid platelet-poor plasma (PPP), the cell-rich buffy coat layer (BC; concentrated-PRF or C-PRF), and the remaining red clot layer (RC), following centrifugation of blood. Heating PPP generates an albumin gel (Alb-gel) that when mixed back with C-PRF produces Alb-PRF. Membranes prepared from solid PRF were also subjected to lysis. We report here that lysates of PPP, BC, and PRF decreased the cytokine-induced expression of interleukin 6 (IL6) and nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in the bone marrow-derived ST2 cells. Consistently, PPP, BC, and PRF greatly decreased the phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of p65 in ST2 cells. The inflammatory response caused by Pam3CSK4 was reduced accordingly. Moreover, PPP, BC, and PRF reduced the enhanced expression of inflammatory mediators IL6 and iNOS in 3T3-L1 pre-adipocyte mesenchymal cells, and iNOS and CCL5 in murine calvarial cells. Surprisingly, PRF lysates were not effective in reducing the inflammatory response of human gingival fibroblasts and HSC2 epithelial cells. The data from the present study suggest that both liquid PRF and solid PRF exert potent anti-inflammatory activity in murine mesenchymal cells.

| S-EPMC8583104 | biostudies-literature

The effects of injectable platelet-rich fibrin application on wound healing following gingivectomy and gingivoplasty operations: single-blind, randomized controlled, prospective clinical study.

Project description:ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of wound healing using injectable platelet-rich fibrin (IPRF) after gingivectomy and gingivoplasty.Materials and methodsIn this clinical study, 46 systemically healthy patients with chronic inflammatory gingival enlargement were randomly treated with gingivectomy-gingivoplasty + I-PRF (n=23) or gingivectomy-gingivoplasty alone (n=23). The primary outcome was to evaluate the effect of I-PRF on wound healing over a 3-week follow-up period. Samples collected from gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) were processed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELİSA) to measure VEGF and FGF-10 biomarkers. The surgical areas were stained with Mira-2 tone and evaluated in ImageJ. Wound healing was evaluated with Modified Manchester Scar (MMS) scale and Landry, Turnbull, and Howley (LTH) index.ResultsVEGF values of the control group at baseline, week 2, and week 3 were significantly higher than the test group. In weeks 2 and 3, FGF-10 values were found to be significantly higher in the control group than the test group. The amount of staining was found to be significantly higher in the control group than in the test group on days 3, 7, and 14. LTH values of the control group were significantly lower than the test group and MMS values were significantly higher than those of the test group.ConclusionsI-PRF applications revealed positive effects on epithelial wound healing after gingivectomy and gingivoplasty operations.Clinical relevancePlatelet concentrates such as I-PRF accelerate wound healing and contribute to the patient's comfort and quality of life. I-PRF application may have positive effects on wound healing after gingivectomy and gingivoplasty operations.

| S-EPMC10776463 | biostudies-literature

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