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A Comparison between Dietary Consumption Status and Healthy Dietary Pattern among Adults Aged 55 and Older in China.

ABSTRACT: The nutrition and health of middle-aged and elderly people is crucial to the long-term development of a country. The present study aimed to analyze the dietary consumption status in Chinese adults by using baseline and follow-up data from the community-based Cohort Study on Nervous System Diseases between 2018-2020 and selecting those aged 55 and older (n = 23,296). Dividing 65 food items into 17 subgroups on the basis of a valid semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire, we analyze the consumption amount and consumption rate of foods in relation to wave and sociodemographic factors by employing the Wilcoxon rank sum test, Kruskal-Wallis analysis, the Chi-squared test, and the Cochran-Armitage trend test and evaluate food intake status using the Chinese Dietary Guidelines Recommendations (2022). Compared to 2018, the median daily intake of livestock meat, poultry, and eggs increased in 2020 (p < 0.05), while the median daily intake of wheat, other cereals, tubers, legumes, fruits, and fish and seafood decreased (p < 0.05). The proportion of subjects with excessive intake of grain, livestock and poultry, and eggs was 46.3%, 36.6%, and 26.6%, respectively, while the proportion of subjects with insufficient intake of whole grains and mixed beans, tubers, legumes, dairy products, fruits, vegetables, and fish and seafood were 98.4%, 80.3%, 74.0%, 94.6%, 94.3%, 75.8%, and 86.5%, respectively, and more than 50% of subjects were non-consumers of dairy products, nuts, and whole grains and mixed beans. In conclusion, the problem of unhealthy dietary structure is prominent among adults aged 55 and older in China; insufficient or excessive intakes of various types of foods are common; and excessive consumption of edible oil and salt remains a serious problem.

SUBMITTER: Zhang S

PROVIDER: S-EPMC9268783 | biostudies-literature |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Project description:BackgroundThe intake of certain food and nutrients may play a crucial role in cognitive health. However, research on the relationship between dietary patterns and cognitive function is limited. This study aims to investigate the associations between dietary patterns and multi-dimensional cognitive functions, such as global cognitive status and related domain profiles, mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and four major subtypes of Chinese adults.MethodsUsing the baseline data from the Community-based Cohort Study on Nervous System Diseases (2018-2019), we selected 4,309 Chinese adults aged 55 years and older as subjects with complete diet, cognition, and other related data. We collected food data for the past 12 months with a valid semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. Diving 49 food items into 13 subgroups, we used factor analysis to derive the main dietary patterns. We evaluated cognitive functions based on the scores of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) and used quantile regression and multivariable logistic regression to examine the relationship between dietary patterns and cognitive-related outcomes.ResultsWe identified four dietary patterns, explaining 50.11% of the total variance: "meat-preferred" pattern, "plant-preferred" pattern, "eggs- and dairy-preferred" pattern, and "grain-preferred" pattern. After adjusting for all potential confounders, the "meat-preferred" pattern and the "plant-preferred" pattern were associated with higher scores of global cognition and several cognitive domains (p <0.05), while the "grain-preferred" pattern was associated with lower scores of global cognition (β = -0.36, p <0.05), execution (β = -0.19, p <0.05), visuospatial (β = -0.09, p <0.05), and language (β = -0.05, p <0.05). Adults adhering to the "meat-preferred" pattern and the "plant-preferred" pattern had decreased odds of MCI and some MCI subtypes (p-trend <0.05); in contrast, those in the top quartiles of the "grain-preferred" pattern had increased odds of MCI [adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 1.34, 95% CI: 1.11-1.63, p-trend = 0.003].ConclusionsAdhering to the "plant-preferred" pattern and the "meat-preferred" pattern may help improve the multi-dimensional cognitive functions; on the contrary, adhering to the "grain-preferred" pattern may worse cognitive health. More prospective studies in this field are needed to strengthen the evidence.

Project description:BackgroundMushrooms are a nutritious food, though knowledge of the effects of mushroom consumption on cardiometabolic risk factors is limited and inconsistent.ObjectiveWe assessed the effects of consuming mushrooms as part of a healthy United States Mediterranean-style dietary pattern (MED) on traditional and emerging cardiometabolic disease (CMD) risk factors. We hypothesized that adopting a MED diet with mushrooms would lead to greater improvements in multiple CMD risk factors.MethodsUsing a randomized, parallel study design, 60 adults (36 females, 24 males; aged 46 ± 12 y; body mass index 28.3 ± 2.84 kg/m2, mean ± standard deviation) without diagnosed CMD morbidities consumed a MED diet (all foods provided) without (control with breadcrumbs) or with 84 g/d of Agaricus bisporus (White Button, 4 d/wk) and Pleurotus ostreatus (Oyster, 3 d/wk) mushrooms for 8 wk. Fasting baseline and postintervention outcome measurements were traditional CMD risk factors, including blood pressure and fasting serum lipids, lipoproteins, glucose, and insulin. Exploratory CMD-related outcomes included lipoprotein particle sizes and indexes of inflammation.ResultsAdopting the MED-mushroom diet compared with the MED-control diet without mushrooms improved fasting serum glucose (change from baseline -2.9 ± 1.18 compared with 0.6 ± 1.10 mg/dL; time × group P = 0.034). Adopting the MED diet, independent of mushroom consumption, reduced serum total cholesterol (-10.2 ± 3.77 mg/dL; time P = 0.0001). Concomitantly, there was a reduction in high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, buoyant HDL2b, and apolipoprotein A1, and an increase in lipoprotein(a) concentrations (main effect of time P < 0.05 for all). There were no changes in other measured CMD risk factors.ConclusionsConsuming a Mediterranean-style healthy dietary pattern with 1 serving/d of whole Agaricus bisporus and Pleurotus ostreatus mushrooms improved fasting serum glucose but did not influence other established or emerging CMD risk factors among middle-aged and older adults classified as overweight or obese but with clinically normal cardiometabolic health.Trial registration numberhttps://www.Clinicaltrialsgov/study/NCT04259229?term=NCT04259229&rank=1.

Project description:BackgroundAlthough reported dietary supplement use is common in older adults, evaluations of dietary supplement use over the past 10 y are lacking.ObjectiveThis analysis determined changes in reported dietary supplement use in cognitively normal older adults (aged ≥ 55 y) using the National Alzheimer's Coordinating Center data from 2015 to 2019 using a serial cross-sectional study design.MethodsThe first available visit for cognitively normal participants aged ≥ 55 y from 2015 to 2019 with a complete medication form was used, resulting in 9357 participants. Associations between visit year categories and reported use of dietary supplement categories/individual supplements were tested using categorical statistics. To determine whether the probabilities of reported supplement use changed in 2019 compared with those of 2015, z-scores and two-sided P values were used. Weighted analyses were used to confirm analytical findings.ResultsWhen comparing 2015 and 2019, the reported use of any dietary supplement decreased from 77.7% in 2015 to 71.0% in 2019 (P < 0.0001); any vitamin from 72.5% to 65.5% (P < 0.0001); any mineral from 39.2% to 30.4% (P < 0.0001); "other" nonvitamin/nonmineral supplements from 34.4% to 26.9% (P < 0.0001), calcium from 31.2% to 21.7% (P < 0.0001), multivitamins from 48.4% to 38.4% (P < 0.0001), potassium from 5.6% to 3.5% (P = 0.001), vitamin C from 13.0% to 9.2% (P = 0.0002), chondroitin from 6.0% to 4.1% (P = 0.006), glucosamine from 11.1% to 6.5% (P < 0.0001), and all omega fatty acids from 25.2% to 17.0% (P < 0.0001). Reported use increased for vitamin B7/biotin from 3.1% in 2015 to 5.8% in 2019 (P = 0.0003), melatonin from 3.1% to 5.8% (P = 0.0002), and turmeric from 1.2% to 4.7% (P < 0.0001).ConclusionAlthough the reported use of many major dietary supplement categories and individual supplements significantly decreased in older adults from 2015 to 2019, biotin, turmeric, and melatonin significantly increased. Because biotin may interfere with some laboratory tests, this may have important public health implications.

Project description:BackgroundAlthough various dietary patterns have been indicated to be associated with the resting metabolic rate [RMR], limited data are available in this field. This study was therefore focused on the association between dietary patterns and resting metabolic rate among participants with overweight and obesity.MethodsThis cross-sectional study was conducted on 304 women with overweight or obesity (BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2), aged 18-50. Anthropometric assessments, physical activity and biochemical measurements were assessed. RMR was also measured by means of indirect calorimetry. Dietary intake of participants was evaluated by 147-item semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire [FFQ].ResultsThere was a significant association between higher adherence to the healthy dietary pattern [HDP] and RMR (P = 0.05), intakes of protein (P = 0.003), minerals (P = 0.001) as well as fat free mass [FFM] (P = 0.002), bone mineral content (P = 0.001), skeletal muscle mass (P = 0.001), soft lean mass (P = 0.002) and visceral fat area (P = 0.05). Also, there was a considerable association between higher adherence to the unhealthy dietary pattern [UHDP] and fasting blood sugar [FBS] (P = 0.05). Using multinomial logistic regression has been shown that the medium adherence to the HDP was marginally significant with decreased resting metabolic rate [Dec. RMR] group in crude model (OR: 0.54; 95% CI: 0.28-1.05, P = 0.07). After controlling for various confounders such as age, FFM, physical activity, and energy intake, the association between Dec. RMR group and the lowest quartile of the HDP (OR: 0.36; 95% CI: 0.14-0.91, P = 0.03) became significant as well as the association between Dec. RMR group and medium adherence to the HDP (OR: 0.42; 95% CI: 0.18-0.97, P = 0.04). The medium adherence to the UHDP in crude model was also significant with increased resting metabolic rate [Inc. RMR] group (OR: 2.59; 95% CI: 1.01-6.65, P = 0.04).ConclusionsOur study showed that there are significant associations between dietary patterns and RMR status.

Project description:Exercise is often cited as a major factor contributing to improved cognitive functioning. As a result, the relationship between exercise and cognition has received much attention in scholarly literature. Systematic reviews and meta-analyses present varying and sometimes conflicting results about the extent to which exercise can influence cognition. The aim of this umbrella review was to summarize the effects of physical exercise on cognitive functions (global cognition, executive function, memory, attention, or processing speed) in healthy adults ≥ 55 years of age.Methods An umbrella review of systematic reviews with meta-analyses investigating the effect of exercise on cognition was performed. Databases (CINAHL, Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, PsycInfo, Scopus, and Web of Science) were searched from inception until June 2023 for reviews of randomized or non-randomised controlled trials. Full-text articles meeting the inclusion criteria were reviewed and methodological quality assessed. Overlap within included reviews was assessed using the corrected covered area method (CCA). A random effects model was used to calculate overall pooled effect size with sub-analyses for specific cognitive domains, exercise type and timing of exercise.Results Database searches identified 9227 reviews. A total of 20 met the inclusion criteria. They were based on 332 original primary studies. Overall quality of the reviews was considered moderate with most meeting 8 or more of the 16 AMSTAR 2 categories. Overall pooled effects indicated that exercise in general has a small positive effect on cognition (d = 0.22; SE = 0.04; p < 0.01). Mind-body exercise had the greatest effect with a pooled effect size of (d = 0.48; SE = 0.06; p < 0.001). Exercise had a moderate positive effect on global cognition (d = 0.43; SE = 0,11; p < 0,001) and a small positive effect on executive function, memory, attention, and processing speed. Chronic exercise was more effective than acute exercise. Variation across studies due to heterogeneity was considered very high.Conclusions Mind-body exercise has moderate positive effects on the cognitive function of people aged 55 or older. To promote healthy aging, mind-body exercise should be used over a prolonged period to complement other types of exercise. Results of this review should be used to inform the development of guidelines to promote healthy aging.Trial registration PROSPERO (CDR 42022312955).

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A Comparison between Dietary Consumption Status and Healthy Dietary Pattern among Adults Aged 55 and Older in China.

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