Dataset Information

COVID-19 and gender inequity in science: Consistent harm over time.

ABSTRACT: Stay-at-home-orders, online learning, and work from home policies are some of the responses governments, universities, and other institutions adopted to slow the spread of COVID-19. However, research shows these measures have increased pre-existing gender disparities in the workplace. The working conditions for women during the pandemic worsened due to increased family care responsibilities and unequal distribution of domestic labor. In the academy, working from home has resulted in reduced research time and increased teaching and family care responsibilities, with a larger proportion of that burden falling to women. We investigate the persistence of gender inequity among academic scientists resulting from university COVID-19 responses over time. We draw on two surveys administered in May 2020 and May 2021 to university-based biologists, biochemists, and civil and environmental engineers, to analyze how the pandemic response has disproportionately impacted women in academia and the endurance of those inequities. Results show significantly greater negative impacts from the pandemic on women's research activities and work-life balance, compared to men. We conclude by discussing the implications of our results, and the need for the academy to better predict and adjust to the gender disparities its policies create.

SUBMITTER: Caldarulo M

PROVIDER: S-EPMC9269954 | biostudies-literature | 2022

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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COVID-19 and gender inequity in science: Consistent harm over time.

Caldarulo Mattia M Olsen Jared J Frandell Ashlee A Islam Shaika S Johnson Timothy P TP Feeney Mary K MK Michalegko Lesley L Welch Eric W EW

PloS one 20220708 7

Stay-at-home-orders, online learning, and work from home policies are some of the responses governments, universities, and other institutions adopted to slow the spread of COVID-19. However, research shows these measures have increased pre-existing gender disparities in the workplace. The working conditions for women during the pandemic worsened due to increased family care responsibilities and unequal distribution of domestic labor. In the academy, working from home has resulted in reduced rese ...[more]

PMID: 35802718

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Project description:The first seven months of the US COVID-19 pandemic saw a massive increase in COVID-19-related crowdfunding campaigns. Despite their popularity, these campaigns were rarely successful in reaching their monetary goals, with nearly 40% of them not receiving a single donation. Previous research has indicated that crowdfunding has increased inequities and disparities in wealth, and this study set out to examine the situation in Washington State, an area greatly divided socio-economically, culturally, and geographically. Using GIS-based Multi-Criteria Evaluation (MCE) models with Quantile classification, we created geospatial representations of composite independent variables representing the impacts of COVID-19 and social marginalization on Washington state counties. We then examined the relationships between these variables with the dependent variables, campaign prevalence and outcome (campaign median amount raised), and assessed for relationships through ANOVA tests. These representations allowed us to assess the possibility that both COVID-19 impact and social marginalization may be amplifying already present inequities in Washington state by influencing crowdfunding monetary outcomes and prevalence. Our research indicates that county-wide social marginalization is associated with COVID-19-related crowdfunding campaign prevalence, generally pointing towards counties with lower social marginalization producing more campaigns. We also found that COVID-19 impact is, surprisingly, not associated with campaign prevalence, and that there was no relationship between campaign outcome and marginalization or COVID-19 impact. These findings indicate that inequitable access to, and use of, technologies like crowdfunding may be further contributing to COVID-19 inequities within Washington state. Policy-makers should be advised to use crowdfunding information with extreme caution when considering it as a useful tool in assessing community needs within counties and allocating resources, because those with the highest need likely are not being represented in this data due to lack of access.

Project description:Abstract Background Comparative effectiveness of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines across patient subgroups is poorly understood and essential to precisely targeting vaccination strategies. Methods We used the US Department of Veterans Affairs COVID-19 Shared Data Resource to identify veterans who utilize VA health care and had no documented severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection before December 11, 2020. Using a test-negative case–control design (TND), we used conditional logistic regression with adjustment for covariates to estimate vaccine effectiveness (VE) over time for veterans who received 2 doses of mRNA vaccines or 1 dose of Ad26.Cov2.S. Results We identified 4.8 million veterans with a mean age of 64 years, of whom 58% had ≥1 chronic disease. Vaccine effectiveness for symptomatic infections, hospitalizations, and ICU admission or death declined over time and varied by the type of vaccine (P < 0.01). VE estimates against symptomatic infection during months 1 and 7 for mRNA-1273 compared with BNT162b2 were 89.7% (95% CI, 84.4%–93.0%) and 57.3% (95% CI, 48.4%–64.7%) vs 81.6% (95% CI, 75.9%–85.9%) and 22.5% (95% CI, 7.2%–35.2%) for individuals age <65 years and 78.4% (95% CI, 71.1%–83.9%) and 36.2% (95% CI, 27.7%–43.6%) vs 66.3% (95% CI, 55.7%–74.4%) and −23.3% (95% CI, −40.5% to −8.2%) in subjects age ≥65 years; against hospitalization 92.0% (95% CI, 76.1%–97.3%) and 83.1% (95% CI, 66.8%–91.4%) vs 85.6% (95% CI, 72.6%–92.4%) and 57.0% (95% CI, 31.2%–73.2%) in subjects age <65 years and 66.1% (95% CI, 45.3%–79.0%) and 64.7% (95% CI, 55.2%–72.3%) vs 61.0% (95% CI, 41.3%–74.2%) and 1.7% (95% CI, −22.0% to 20.8%) in those age ≥65 years; against ICU admission or death 89.2% (95% CI, 49.5%–97.7%) and 84.4% (95% CI, 59.0%–94.1%) vs 87.6% (95% CI, 61.0%–96.1%) and 66.4% (95% CI, 7.7%–87.8%) in subjects age <65 years and 75.4% (95% CI, 51.7%–87.5%) and 73.8 (95% CI, 62.9%–81.5%) vs 67.4% (95% CI, 32.6%–84.3%) and 29.3% (95% CI, 2.3%–48.9%) in subjects age ≥65 years, respectively (Pinteraction < .01 for all comparisons). Similarly, mRNA-1273 was more effective than BNT162b2 in veterans with >1 chronic disease. Conclusions mRNA-1273 was more effective than BNT162b2 in older veterans and those with chronic diseases.

Dataset Information

COVID-19 and gender inequity in science: Consistent harm over time.

Publications

COVID-19 and gender inequity in science: Consistent harm over time.

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