Dataset Information

Yak Gut Microbiota: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

ABSTRACT: The yak (Bos grunniens) is closely related to common cows (Bos taurus), but is clearly a distinct species. Yaks are of substantial importance to food and leather production in certain high-altitude regions of Asia. The animal is increasing elsewhere as well, mainly because of the perceived health benefits of its milk. Like all ruminants, the animal harbors a complex community of microbial cells in its gut, crucial for its physiology. Despite yaks being important domestic animals, the composition of its gut microbiota and how the composition is guided by its specific high-altitude environment remains largely uncategorized. Hence, online databases (Embase, Medline ALL, Web of Science Core Collection, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and Google Scholar) were searched for articles on yak intestinal microbiota. The pooled taxonomic abundance was compared between regions, sexes, different age groups, and feeding patterns. The gut microbiota distribution across different yak intestinal segments was established through pooled average taxonomic abundance. A total of 34 studies met the inclusion criteria and yielded information on 982 unique yak gut microbiota samples. An analysis of overall pooled microbiota revealed a segmented microbial community composition of the yak gut. Yak rumen microbiota was significantly influenced by difference in region, sex, and feeding patterns, the latter factor being dominant in this respect. Yak microbiome is shaped by the feeding strategy and provides an obvious avenue for improving health and productivity of the animal. More generally, the current segmental description of physiological gut microbiome provides insight into how the microbiology of this animal has adapted itself to help comping yaks with its high-altitude habitat.

SUBMITTER: Su Y

PROVIDER: S-EPMC9274166 | biostudies-literature |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Project description:ContextGut dysbiosis has been proposed as one of pathologies in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) spectrum. Despite such enthusiasm, the relevant results remain substantially controversial.ObjectiveA systematic review and meta-analysis were performed to investigate the differences of gut microbiota (GM) between patients with AD spectrum (including mild cognitive impairment [MCI] and AD) and healthy controls (HC).Data sourcesPubMed, MEDLINE, Scopus, and Cochrane Library from January 2000 to August 2021. Eligibility criteria for study selection: Observational trials and pre-intervention data of intervention trials that investigated the abundance of GM in patients with AD spectrum and HC.Data extraction and synthesisTwo reviewers independently identified articles, extracted data, and evaluated the risk of bias. The effect sizes were performed by a random-effect, inverse-variance weighted model. The effects of different countries and of clinical stages on GM abundance were also examined.Results11 studies consisting of 378 HC and 427 patients with AD spectrum were included in the meta-analysis. Patients with AD, but not MCI, showed significantly reduced GM diversity as compared to HC. We also found more abundance of Proteobacteria, Bifidobacterium and Phascolarctobacterium, but less abundance of Firmicutes, Clostridiaceae, Lachnospiraceae and Rikenellaceae in patients with AD spectrum as compared with HC. The profiles of abundance of Alistipes and Bacteroides in HC and AD spectrum were differentially affected by countries. Finally, when considering clinical stage as a moderator, the comparisons of abundance in Clostridiaceae and Phascolarctobacterium showed large effect sizes, with gradient changes from MCI to AD stage.LimitationsThe inclusion of studies originating only from China and the U.S. was a possible limitation.ConclusionsPatients with AD spectrum demonstrated altered GM abundance, which was differentially mediated by countries and clinical stages.

Project description:BackgroundThe role of gut microbiota in diabetes mellitus (DM) and its complications has been widely accepted. However, the alternation of gut microbiota in diabetic microvascular complications (DC) remains to be determined.MethodsPublications (till August 20th, 2022) on gut microbiota in patients with DC were retrieved from PubMed, Web of Science, Embase and Cochrane. Review Manager 5.3 was performed to estimate the standardized mean difference (SMD) and 95% confidence interval (CI) and calculate alpha diversity indices and the relative abundance of gut microbiota between patients in DC v.s. DM and DC v.s. healthy controls (HC).ResultsWe included 13 studies assessing 329 patients with DC, 232 DM patients without DC, and 241 HC. Compared to DM, patients with DC shared a significantly lower Simpson index (SMD = -0.59, 95% CI [-0.82, -0.36], p < 0.00001), but a higher ACE index (SMD = 0.42, 95% CI[0.11, 0.74], p = 0.009). Compared to HC, DC patients held a lower ACE index (SMD = -0.61, 95% CI[-1.20, -0.02], p = 0.04). The relative abundances of phylum Proteobacteria (SMD = 0.03, 95% CI[0.01, 0.04], p = 0.003, v.s. HC) and genus Klebsiella (SMD = 0.00, 95% CI[0.00, 0.00], p < 0.00001, v.s. HC) were enriched, accompanying with depleted abundances of phylum Firmicutes (SMD = -0.06, 95% CI[-0.11, -0.01], p = 0.02, v.s. HC), genera Bifidobacterium (SMD = -0.01, 95% CI[-0.02,-0.01], p < 0.0001, v.s. DM), Faecalibacterium (SMD = -0.01, 95% CI[-0.02, -0.00], p = 0.009, v.s. DM; SMD = -0.02, 95% CI[-0.02, -0.01], p < 0.00001, v.s. HC) and Lactobacillus (SMD = 0.00, 95% CI[-0.00, -0.00], p < 0.00001, v.s. HC) in DC.ConclusionsGut microbiota perturbations with the depletion of alpha diversity and certain short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs)-producing bacteria were associated with the pathology of DC. Therefore, gut microbiota might serve as a promising approach for the diagnosis and treatment of DC. Further investigations are required to study the mechanisms by which gut dysbiosis acts on the onset and progression of DC.

Project description:BackgroundEmerging evidence indicates that gut dysbiosis is involved in the occurrence and development of diabetic kidney diseases (DKD). However, the key microbial taxa closely related to DKD have not been determined.MethodsPubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane, Chinese Biomedical Databases, China National Knowledge Internet, and Embase were searched for case-control or cross-sectional studies comparing the gut microbiota of patients with DKD and healthy controls (HC) from inception to February 8, 2022, and random/fixed-effects meta-analysis on the standardized mean difference (SMD) were performed for alpha diversity indexes between DKD and HC, and beta diversity indexes and the relative abundance of gut microbiota were extracted and summarized qualitatively.ResultsA total of 16 studies (578 patients with DKD and 444 HC) were included. Compared to HC, the bacterial richness of patients with DKD was significantly decreased, and the diversity indexes were decreased but not statistically, companying with a distinct beta diversity. The relative abundance of phylum Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, and Bacteroidetes, family Coriobacteriaceae, Enterobacteriaceae, and Veillonellaceae, genus Enterococcus, Citrobacter, Escherichia, Klebsiella, Akkermansia, Sutterella, and Acinetobacter, and species E. coli were enriched while that of phylum Firmicutes, family Lachnospiraceae, genus Roseburia, Prevotella, and Bifidobacterium were depleted in patients with DKD.ConclusionsThe gut microbiota of patients with DKD may possess specific features characterized by expansion of genus Escherichia, Citrobacter, and Klebsiella, and depletion of Roseburia, which may contribute most to the alterations of their corresponding family and phylum taxa, as well as the bacterial diversity and composition. These microbial taxa may be closely related to DKD and serve as promising targets for the management of DKD.Systematic review registrationhttps://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/, identifier CRD42021289863.

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Yak Gut Microbiota: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

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