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NMR and HPLC profiling of bee pollen products from different countries

ABSTRACT: Highlights • Analysis using NMR and HPLC can be used to identify countries of origin but not producing years of bee pollens.• Flavanoids in bee pollens from different countries were characterized using HPLC.• Bee pollens from Spain and Australia were high in sucrose and adenosine.• Bee pollens from China were high in trigonelline, uridine, and cytidine.• Only the bee pollens from China contained acetic acid. Bee pollen, a beehive product collected from flowers by honeybees, contains over 250 biological substances, and has attracted increasing attention as a functional food. However, commercial bee pollen products are often multifloral, and samples from different countries vary significantly. There is no universal standard for objective quality assessment of bee pollen based on its chemical composition. Here, we report metabolomic analysis of 11 bee pollen samples from Spain, China, and Australia for quality control. The characteristics of the samples depend on the sucrose, nucleoside, amino acid, and flavanol concentrations. Bee pollen samples from Spain and Australia had higher sucrose and adenosine concentrations, whereas those from China had higher trigonelline, uridine, and cytidine concentrations. Interestingly, acetic acid was only detected in samples from China. These components can be used to identify the country of origin. The obtained profiles of the samples will contribute to universal standard development for bee pollen products.

SUBMITTER: Lu P

PROVIDER: S-EPMC9278072 | biostudies-literature |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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