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Differential effect of tantalum nanoparticles versus tantalum micron particles on immune regulation

ABSTRACT: The inflammatory microenvironment created by macrophages has been proven critical for bone regeneration. Both tantalum nanoparticles and micron particles have been applied to bone tissue engineering and have achieved good efficacy, but their effects on immune microenvironment remain unclear. Herein, we explored the different effects between nano- and micro-tantalum particles on the innate immunity of macrophages in vitro and in vivo. RAW 264.7 cells were co-cultured with nano- and micro-tantalum particles under inflammatory conditions to evaluate the effects on the morphology and behavior of macrophages. Air pouch model was used to evaluate the material-induced macrophage polarization in vivo. Compared to the tantalum micron particles (TaMPs), the morphology of macrophages was more similar to the M2 phenotype in co-culture with tantalum nanoparticles (TaNPs). At the same time, the TaNPs could also decrease the gene expression of interleukin-1β (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and increase the expression of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) and interleukin-10 (IL-10). Furthermore, the air pouch model showed more M2 macrophage infiltration under the intervention of TaNPs. Our findings demonstrated that TaNPs could significantly increase the polarization of M2 macrophages and decrease the macrophage polarization to the M1 phenotype under the inflammatory microenvironment, showing better immunomodulatory properties. Graphical abstract Image 1 Highlights • The first comparison of the immunomodulatory effects of tantalum particles on macrophages.• Tantalum nanoparticles can inhibit the polarization of macrophages to M1 phenotype and promote them to M2 phenotype in an inflammatory environment.• Tantalum nanoparticles can affect the polarization of macrophages by reducing intracellular ROS.

SUBMITTER: Sun Y

PROVIDER: S-EPMC9278074 | biostudies-literature |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Project description:Despite the increased utilization of nanoparticles, the behavior and effect in the environment is largely unknown and few resources are available for health and environmental effect studies. Enchytraeids are extensively used in studies of soil ecotoxicology and recently, a cDNA microarray for Enchytraeus albidus was developed, allowing also toxicogenomic studies in this species. These organisms are ecologically relevant small worms that indirectly contribute to the regulation and degradation of organic matter. In this study we compared the gene expression profiles of E. albidus when exposed to copper-salt (CuCl2) and copper nanoparticles (Cu-NP) spiked soil. The worms were exposed for 48 hours in soil to a range of concentrations. Microarray hybridizations revealed different response patterns between copper-salt and copper nanoparticles exposed organisms, these differences are mainly related with transcripts involved in the energy metabolism of the organisms. Despite unknown gene function in the data-set there are indications that Cu-salt and Cu-NP exposure induced specific gene level responses. Fluorescently labelled cDNA, from enchytraeids exposed during 2 days to control soil (from Hygum site in Denmark) and to the different exposure conditions (Cy5), was synthesized for microarray analysis and hybridizations were performed. After scanning, spots were identified and ratios quantified using the QuantArray (Packard Biochip Technologies). Statistical analysis of the microarrays was performed using limmaGUI package (1.18.0) (Smyth, 2005) in the R (2.8.0) software environment (http://www.R-project.org/). After being submitted to local background subtraction, microarrays were normalized using global loess method. To statistically evaluate the differential gene expression between the different conditions, a gene-per-gene linear model (limma – linear model for microarray analysis) and empirical Bayes methods were applied. The results were then corrected for multiple testing using the Benjamini-Hochberg’s method (adjusted p<0.05 was considered significant) (Benjamini and Hochberg, 1995).

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Differential effect of tantalum nanoparticles versus tantalum micron particles on immune regulation

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