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Increasing the resilience of plant immunity to a warming climate.

ABSTRACT: Extreme weather conditions associated with climate change affect many aspects of plant and animal life, including the response to infectious diseases. Production of salicylic acid (SA), a central plant defence hormone^1-3, is particularly vulnerable to suppression by short periods of hot weather above the normal plant growth temperature range via an unknown mechanism^4-7. Here we show that suppression of SA production in Arabidopsis thaliana at 28 °C is independent of PHYTOCHROME B^8,9 (phyB) and EARLY FLOWERING 3¹⁰ (ELF3), which regulate thermo-responsive plant growth and development. Instead, we found that formation of GUANYLATE BINDING PROTEIN-LIKE 3 (GBPL3) defence-activated biomolecular condensates¹¹ (GDACs) was reduced at the higher growth temperature. The altered GDAC formation in vivo is linked to impaired recruitment of GBPL3 and SA-associated Mediator subunits to the promoters of CBP60g and SARD1, which encode master immune transcription factors. Unlike many other SA signalling components, including the SA receptor and biosynthetic genes, optimized CBP60g expression was sufficient to broadly restore SA production, basal immunity and effector-triggered immunity at the elevated growth temperature without significant growth trade-offs. CBP60g family transcription factors are widely conserved in plants¹². These results have implications for safeguarding the plant immune system as well as understanding the concept of the plant-pathogen-environment disease triangle and the emergence of new disease epidemics in a warming climate.

SUBMITTER: Kim JH

PROVIDER: S-EPMC9279160 | biostudies-literature | 2022 Jul

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Increasing the resilience of plant immunity to a warming climate.

Kim Jong Hum JH Castroverde Christian Danve M CDM Huang Shuai S Li Chao C Hilleary Richard R Seroka Adam A Sohrabi Reza R Medina-Yerena Diana D Huot Bethany B Wang Jie J Nomura Kinya K Marr Sharon K SK Wildermuth Mary C MC Chen Tao T MacMicking John D JD He Sheng Yang SY

Nature 20220629 7918

Extreme weather conditions associated with climate change affect many aspects of plant and animal life, including the response to infectious diseases. Production of salicylic acid (SA), a central plant defence hormone<sup>1-3</sup>, is particularly vulnerable to suppression by short periods of hot weather above the normal plant growth temperature range via an unknown mechanism<sup>4-7</sup>. Here we show that suppression of SA production in Arabidopsis thaliana at 28 °C is independent of PHYTOCH ...[more]

PMID: 35768511

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Project description:The distribution of 'cold-adapted' plant species is expected to undergo severe range loss in the near future. Species distribution models predicting species' future distribution often do not integrate species ability to respond to environmental factors through genetic traits or phenotypic plasticity. This especially applies to arctic-alpine species whose present-day range is strongly fragmented because of the cyclic vicissitudes they experienced during the Ice Age. We cultivated plants from four European populations of the arctic-alpine species Viscaria alpina from different geographic provenances. Two of the populations were from northern high-latitude regions in Scandinavia; the remaining two populations were from southern mid-latitude mountains. In both areas, one population was from a colder site and the other from a warmer site. We cultivated the plants in controlled thermal conditions with two treatments, one mimicking temperature conditions at the warmest site and the other adding 2 day-temperature peaks mimicking short-term heat waves. At the end of the experiment, we measured growth in length and mortality of all plants along with a set of ecophysiological variables. We also assessed phylogeographic variation in the four populations based on plastid-DNA sequences. The plants from northern provenances grew more than those from the southern provenances. The plants of all populations performed overall well, in terms of growth rate and ecophysiology, under the heat spell, with the plants of the Swedish population exhibiting the highest phenotypic plasticity. Such a pattern was associated with the highest genetic variation in the Swedish population. Mortality of the plants cultivated under warm temperatures was overall low, but mortality strongly increased in the plants exposed to the heat spell. We conclude that plants of V. alpina populations from different geographic provenances are generally able to cope with scenarios resulting from global warming, but drought hampers resilience to heat waves through increased mortality.

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Increasing the resilience of plant immunity to a warming climate.

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Increasing the resilience of plant immunity to a warming climate.

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