Dataset Information

Alteration of gut microbiota in high‐fat diet‐induced obese mice using carnosic acid from rosemary

ABSTRACT: Abstract Rosmarinus officinalis (rosemary) is widely used as a food ingredient. Rosemary extract (containing 40% carnosic acid) exhibited potent antiobesity activity. However, the relationship between carnosic acid (CA) and changes in the gut microbiota of high‐fat diet (HFD)‐induced obese mice has not been fully investigated. C57BL/6 mice were fed a normal diet, an HFD, or an HFD containing 0.1% or 0.2% CA for 10 weeks. CA exhibited promising antiobesity effects and caused marked alterations in the gut microbiota of HFD‐induced obese mice. CA caused the prevalence of probiotics and functional bacteria, including Akkermansia muciniphila, Muribaculaceae unclassified, and Clostridium innocuum group, and inhibited diabetes‐sensitive bacteria, including Proteobacteria and Firmicutes. The ratio of Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes was regulated by CA in a dose‐dependent manner, decreasing it from 13.22% to 2.42%. Additionally, CA reduced bile acid‐metabolizing bacteria, such as Bilophila, Clostridium, Lactobacillus, and Leuconostoc. The results of the linear discriminant analysis and effect size analysis indicated that CA attenuated the microbial changes caused by HFD. The high CA (HCA) group (HFD containing 0.2% CA) exhibited a greater abundance of Verrucomicrobiae (including Akkermansia muciniphila, genus Akkermansia, family Akkermansiaceae, and order Verrucomicrobiales), Eubacterium, and Erysipelatoclostridium, and the low CA (LCA) group (HFD containing 0.1% CA) exhibited a greater abundance of Eisenbergiella, Intestinimonas, and Ruminococcaceae. Our results demonstrate that the antiobesity effects of CA might be strongly related to its prebiotic effects. Carnosic acid caused the prevalence of Verrucomicrobia and Bacteroidetes. Carnosic acid inhibited Firmicutes and Proteobacteria and reduced bile acid‐metabolizing bacteria. Akkermansia muciniphila is crucial for the antiobesity effect of carnosic acid.

SUBMITTER: He X

PROVIDER: S-EPMC9281947 | biostudies-literature |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

ACCESS DATA

Similar Datasets

Project description:BackgroundAdiponectin and resistin are typically secreted by the adipose tissue and are abnormally expressed in obesity. However, the underlying influential factors and mechanisms are to be elucidated. It is well known that the expression of genes is regulated by epigenetics while gut microbiota participates in epigenetic processes through its metabolites such as folate, biotin, and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). Therefore, we supposed that alteration of gut microbiota might affect the transcriptional expression of adiponectin and resistin through epigenetic regulation in obesity.MethodsC57BL/6J mice were fed either a high-fat diet (34.9% fat by wt., 60% kcal) or a normal-fat diet (4.3% fat by wt., 10% kcal) for 16?weeks, with ampicillin and neomycin delivered via drinking water to interfere with gut microbiota development. Fecal microbiota was analyzed by 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing. The mRNA expression levels of genes were measured by real-time quantitative RT-PCR. SCFA contents in feces were examined using gas chromatography.ResultsAlteration of the gut microbiota induced by antibiotic use, characterized by a dramatic reduction of the phylum Firmicutes and Actinobacteria and an increase of Proteobacteria with reductions of genera including Lactobacillus, norank_f_Bacteroidales_S24-7_group, Alistipes, Desulfovibrio, Helicobacter, etc., and increases in Bacteroides, Enterobacter, Klebsiella, inhibited the body weight gain in mice fed the high-fat diet instead of the normal-fat diet. The mRNA expression of adiponectin and resistin was upregulated by antibiotic use in mice fed the high-fat diet, accompanied by increased expression of fat oxidation and thermogenesis-related genes (PPAR-?, Pgc-1?, and Atgl) in the fat and/or liver, whereas no change in the expression of adiponectin and resistin was found in mice fed the normal-fat diet. Furthermore, antibiotic use reduced DNA methylation fractions of the adiponectin and resistin promoters and downregulated the expression of DNA methyltransferase 1 and 3a (DNMT1 and DNMT3a) with the high-fat diet feeding.ConclusionAlteration of gut microbiota induced by antibiotic use may affect the expression of adiponectin and resistin in mice fed the high-fat diet by modifying promoter DNA methylation, thus leading to increased fatty acid oxidation and less body weight gain.

Project description:BackgroundTo observe the effect of ginsenoside Rb1, salvianolic acid B and their combination on glucolipid metabolism and structural changes of gut microbiota.MethodsEight-week-old C57BL/6J mice were fed 45% high-fat diet to induce obesity. The obese mice were randomly divided into four groups, Con group as model control, ginsenoside Rb1 (Rb1) group, salvianolic acid B (SalB) group and ginsenoside Rb1+ salvianolic acid B (Rb1SalB) group. Mice in Rb1, SalB and Rb1SalB group were treated by gavage with ginsenoside Rb1, salvianolic acid B and the combination of the two ingredients, respectively. While mice in Con group were given the same amount of sterile water. The intervention lasted 8 weeks. Body weight and fasting blood glucose were measured every 2 weeks. Oral glucose tolerance test was conducted on the 4th and 8th week of drug intervention. At the end of the experiment, total cholesterol, triglyceride, high density lipoprotein cholesterol, low density lipoprotein cholesterol and non-esterified fatty acid content as well as glycated hemoglobin were measured and feces were collected for 16S rDNA sequencing.ResultsBoth ginsenoside Rb1 and Rb1SalB combination decreased body weight significantly (P < 0.05). Ginsenoside Rb1, salvianolic acid B and their combination alleviated fasting blood glucose, glycated hemoglobin and blood lipid profiles effectively (P < 0.05, compared with the corresponding indicators in Con group). Oral glucose tolerance test results at the 8th week showed that glucose tolerance was significantly improved in all three treatment groups. Ginsenoside Rb1, salvianolic acid B and their combination reduced the overall diversity of gut microbiota in feces and changed the microbial composition of the obese mice. LDA effect size (LefSe) analysis revealed the key indicator taxa corresponding to the treatment.ConclusionGinsenoside Rb1, salvianolic acid B and their combination could lower blood glucose and lipid level, and improve glucose tolerance of obese mice. The above effect may be at least partially through modulation of gut microbial composition.

Dataset Information

Alteration of gut microbiota in high‐fat diet‐induced obese mice using carnosic acid from rosemary

Similar Datasets

OmicsDI is part of the ELIXIR infrastructure

Tweets