Dataset Information

Genetic polymorphism of bovine beta-casein gene in Japanese dairy farm herds.

ABSTRACT: The aim of this study was to investigate beta-casein polymorphism among 320 Japanese cows sampled from eight dairy farms. We used a newly-developed genotyping method that involved collecting DNA from hairs and a Cycleave polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay to detect the A1, A2, and B variants. Results revealed the presence of five genotypes (A1A1, A2A2, A1A2, A1B, and A2B). We found that the most common genotype was A2A2 (0.42), followed by A1A2 (0.39) and A1A1 (0.11). The A1B and A2B genotypes were less frequent (<0.05). The frequencies of alleles A1, A2, and B were calculated to be 0.32, 0.64, and 0.04, respectively. Our study is the first to show the current status of beta-casein polymorphisms in Japanese dairy farms. Given the adverse effects of A1 beta-casein on human health, attempts have been made to develop herds consisting solely of A2A2 cows. Our study provides a reference for improving cow populations in Japanese dairy farms. The Cycleave PCR-based assay we developed here can be used for rapid and reliable genotyping of bovine beta-casein.

SUBMITTER: Yamada A

PROVIDER: S-EPMC9286554 | biostudies-literature | 2021

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Genetic polymorphism of bovine beta-casein gene in Japanese dairy farm herds.

Yamada Asaha A Sugimura Miyu M Kuramoto Takashi T

Animal science journal = Nihon chikusan Gakkaiho 20210101 1

The aim of this study was to investigate beta-casein polymorphism among 320 Japanese cows sampled from eight dairy farms. We used a newly-developed genotyping method that involved collecting DNA from hairs and a Cycleave polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay to detect the A1, A2, and B variants. Results revealed the presence of five genotypes (A1A1, A2A2, A1A2, A1B, and A2B). We found that the most common genotype was A2A2 (0.42), followed by A1A2 (0.39) and A1A1 (0.11). The A1B and A2B genotype ...[more]

PMID: 34626147

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Project description:BackgroundInfections with bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV) and bovine coronavirus (BoCV) are endemic to the cattle populations in most countries, causing respiratory and/or enteric disease. It has been demonstrated that herds can remain free from these infections for several years also in high prevalence areas. Organically managed (OM) dairy herds have been shown to have lower seroprevalence of both viruses compared to conventionally managed (CM) herds. The objective of this study was to challenge the hypothesis of a lower occurrence of BRSV and BoCV in OM compared to CM dairy herds. In November 2011, May 2012 and May 2013 milk samples from four homebred primiparous cows were collected in 75 to 65 OM and 69 to 62 CM herds. The antibody status regarding BRSV and BoCV was analysed with commercial indirect ELISAs. Herds were classified as positive if at least one individual sample was positive.ResultsThe prevalence of positive herds ranged from 73.4% to 82.3% for BRSV and from 76.8% to 85.3% for BoCV among OM and CM herds, over the three sampling occasions. There was no statistically significant difference between OM and CM herds at any sampling occasion. The incidence risk of newly infected herds did not differ statistically between OM and CM herds at any sampling occasion, neither for BRSV nor for BoCV. The incidence of herds turning sero-negative between samplings corresponded to the incidence of newly infected. Bulk tank milk (BTM) samples were also sampled in the herds and analysed. Several herds were negative on individual samples but positive in BTM. Herd-level data on production, health and reproduction were retrieved from VÄXA Sweden and the study herds were representative of the source population.ConclusionThere was no difference in prevalence of or incidence risk for BRSV or BoCV between Swedish OM and CM herds. Because the incidence of herds becoming seropositive was balanced by herds becoming seronegative it should be possible to lower the prevalence of these two infections among Swedish dairy cattle herds if biosecurity is improved.

Project description:BACKGROUND:On-farm mortality (unassisted death and euthanasia) is the unwanted loss of animals, and it comes with negative economic consequences. On-farm mortality rates reflect a herd's animal welfare status. The objective of this historical longitudinal single cohort study was to identify the associations between herd characteristics, animal housing conditions and management routines and within-herd calf and cow mortality rates in participating Estonian dairy herds. All farmers enrolled in the voluntary production recording system with a herd size of 20 or greater cow-years in 2015-2017 were contacted by mail or telephone between October 2017 and March 2018. The survey included questions about management routines and housing conditions of calves up to 3 months of age and of cows. In total, 214 completed questionnaires were returned, corresponding to a 63.3% response rate. The within-herd mortality rate of calves (aged 21-90 days) and cows (cattle over 24 months of age) in years 2017-2018 were calculated and used as outcome variables. Negative binomial and linear regression models were applied for risk factor analysis in calf and cow datasets, respectively. RESULTS:The median within-herd mortality rate for calves aged 21 to 90 days was 0.15 per 100 calf-months (quartiles 0.00; 0.36). The median within-herd mortality rate for cattle over 24 months of age was 4.57 per 100 cow-years (quartiles 2.44; 6.86). Factors significantly associated with increased mortality of calves were larger herd size, higher proportion of stillbirths and abortions in a herd, prophylactic administration of vitamins to all calves and housing pre-weaned calves in single pens only compared with housing in both single and group pens. Also, farmers who attended more frequent trainings had higher calf mortality rates. Calving in a group pen or in a tie-stall compared with calving in multiple systems was associated with higher calf mortality rates. Higher cow mortality rates were present in herds that had a higher proportion of stillbirths and on farms where employees handled cows. Housing cows in free-stall barns, grazing cows and more frequent hoof trimming were protective for cow on-farm mortality. CONCLUSIONS:This study identified the importance of housing conditions for on-farm cow and calf mortality rates. Our study results suggest that providing good care might ensure better health and welfare of dairy cows and calves.

Project description:BackgroundAntimicrobial resistance is a serious concern. Although the widespread use of antimicrobials in livestock has exacerbated the emergence and dissemination of antimicrobial resistance genes (ARG) in farm environments, little is known about whether antimicrobial use affects distribution of ARG in livestock systems. This study compared the distribution of microbiomes and resistomes (collections of ARG) across different farm sectors in dairy herds that differed in their use of antimicrobials. Feces from heifers, non-lactating, and lactating cows, manure storage, and soil from three conventional (antimicrobials used to treat cows) and three organic (no antimicrobials used for at least four years) farms in Pennsylvania were sampled. Samples were extracted for genomic DNA, processed, sequenced on the Illumina NextSeq platform, and analyzed for microbial community and resistome profiles using established procedures.ResultsMicrobial communities and resistome profiles clustered by sample type across all farms. Overall, abundance and diversity of ARG in feces was significantly higher in conventional herds compared to organic herds. The ARG conferring resistance to betalactams, macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin (MLS), and tetracyclines were significantly higher in fecal samples of dairy cows from conventional herds compared to organic herds. Regardless of farm type, all manure storage samples had greater diversity (albeit low abundance) of ARG conferring resistance to aminoglycosides, tetracyclines, MLS, multidrug resistance, and phenicol. All soil samples had lower abundance of ARG compared to feces, manure, and lagoon samples and were comprised of ARG conferring resistance to aminoglycosides, glycopeptides, and multi-drug resistance. The distribution of ARG is likely driven by the composition of microbiota in the respective sample types.ConclusionsAntimicrobial use on farms significantly influenced specific groups of ARG in feces but not in manure storage or soil samples.

Dataset Information

Genetic polymorphism of bovine beta-casein gene in Japanese dairy farm herds.

Publications

Genetic polymorphism of bovine beta-casein gene in Japanese dairy farm herds.

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