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SN2 versus SN2' Competition.


ABSTRACT: We have quantum chemically explored the competition between the SN2 and SN2' pathways for X- + H2C═CHCH2Y (X, Y = F, Cl, Br, I) using a combined relativistic density functional theory and coupled-cluster theory approach. Bimolecular nucleophilic substitution reactions at allylic systems, i.e., Cγ═Cβ-Cα-Y, bearing a leaving-group at the α-position, proceed either via a direct attack at the α-carbon (SN2) or via an attack at the γ-carbon, involving a concerted allylic rearrangement (SN2'), in both cases leading to the expulsion of the leaving-group. Herein, we provide a physically sound model to rationalize under which circumstances a nucleophile will follow either the aliphatic SN2 or allylic SN2' pathway. Our activation strain analyses expose the underlying physical factors that steer the SN2/SN2' competition and, again, demonstrate that the concepts of a reaction's "characteristic distortivity" and "transition state acidity" provide explanations and design tools for understanding and predicting reactivity trends in organic synthesis.

SUBMITTER: Hansen T 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC9295157 | biostudies-literature | 2022 Jul

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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S<sub>N</sub>2 versus S<sub>N</sub>2' Competition.

Hansen Thomas T   Vermeeren Pascal P   de Jong Lea L   Bickelhaupt F Matthias FM   Hamlin Trevor A TA  

The Journal of organic chemistry 20220624 14


We have quantum chemically explored the competition between the S<sub>N</sub>2 and S<sub>N</sub>2' pathways for X<sup>-</sup> + H<sub>2</sub>C═CHCH<sub>2</sub>Y (X, Y = F, Cl, Br, I) using a combined relativistic density functional theory and coupled-cluster theory approach. Bimolecular nucleophilic substitution reactions at allylic systems, i.e., C<sup>γ</sup>═C<sup>β</sup>-C<sup>α</sup>-Y, bearing a leaving-group at the α-position, proceed either via a direct attack at the α-carbon (S<sub>N</s  ...[more]

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