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Sensory sweetness and sourness interactive response of sucrose-citric acid mixture based on synergy and antagonism.

ABSTRACT: The clarity of taste sensation interaction is a key basis for promoting the food sensory science research and its application to the beverage and food additive industries. This study explored the synergy and antagonism effect of sucrose-citric acid mixture and established an optimized method to determine the human sweetness and sourness interactive response. Sucrose-citric acid mixtures were evaluated by the "close type" question. According to the sensory difference strength curves and Weber-Fechner law, citric acid increased the sucrose's absolute threshold (0.424-0.624%) and weber fraction (20.5-33.0%). Meanwhile, sucrose increased citric acid's absolute threshold (0.0057-0.0082%) and decreased its weber fraction (17.96-9.53%). By fitting absolute threshold and weber fraction variation equations, the sweet-sour taste sensory strength variation models (SSTVM) were derived, which could be used to explain the synergy and antagonism effect of sweet-sour taste. According to the SSTVM, the interactive response to sweet-sour taste could be quantitatively calculated. The high coincidence between SSTVM and human evaluation (1.02% of relative error) indicated that it could be applied in the food industry, health management, and intelligent sensory science.

SUBMITTER: Mao Y

PROVIDER: S-EPMC9296459 | biostudies-literature |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Project description:Horticultural diseases caused by bacterial pathogens provide an obstacle to crop production globally. Management of the infection of kiwifruit by the Gram-negative phytopathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae (Psa) currently includes copper and antibiotics. However, the emergence of bacterial resistance and a changing regulatory landscape are providing the impetus to develop environmentally sustainable antimicrobials. One potential strategy is the use of bacteriophage endolysins, which degrade peptidoglycan during normal phage replication, causing cell lysis and the release of new viral progeny. Exogenous use of endolysins as antimicrobials is impaired by the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria that provides an impermeable barrier and prevents endolysins from accessing their target peptidoglycan. Here, we describe the synergy between citric acid and a phage endolysin, which results in a reduction of viable Psa below detection. We show that citric acid drives the destabilization of the outer membrane via acidification and sequestration of divalent cations from the lipopolysaccharide, which is followed by the degradation of the peptidoglycan by the endolysin. Scanning electron microscopy revealed clear morphological differences, indicating cell lysis following the endolysin-citric acid treatment. These results show the potential for citric acid-endolysin combinations as a possible antimicrobial approach in agricultural applications.ImportanceThe phytopathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae (Psa) causes major impacts to kiwifruit horticulture, and the current control strategies are heavily reliant on copper and antibiotics. The environmental impact and increasing resistance to these agrichemicals are driving interest in alternative antimicrobials including bacteriophage-derived therapies. In this study, we characterize the endolysin from the Otagovirus Psa374 which infects Psa. When combined with citric acid, this endolysin displays an impressive antibacterial synergy to reduce viable Psa below the limit of detection. The use of citric acid as a synergistic agent with endolysins has not been extensively studied and has never been evaluated against a plant pathogen. We determined that the synergy involved a combination of the chelation activity of citric acid, acidic pH, and the specific activity of the ΦPsa374 endolysin. Our study highlights an exciting opportunity for alternative antimicrobials in agriculture.

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Sensory sweetness and sourness interactive response of sucrose-citric acid mixture based on synergy and antagonism.

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