Cadmium-tolerant bacteria: current trends and applications in agriculture.
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Bravo D
PROVIDER: S-EPMC9299123 | biostudies-literature |
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Project description:Due to industrialization, the contamination of toxic metals in soils is currently one of the major concerns to scientists worldwide. The presence of high concentrations of heavy metals including cadmium in the environment is mainly attributed to human activities. Being a highly toxic metal, cadmium can enter plant cell transporters usually used for the uptake of essential cations, such as iron, calcium, and zinc. This study deals with the appraisement of response and tolerance shown by various bacteria in varied cadmium concentrations (100-1,000 ppm). The optical density (OD) of the isolates was measured to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of cadmium. Isolated bacteria have been identified using 16S rRNA gene sequence and Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). Among the 72 isolates, 07 (Bacillus pumilus, Enterobacter kobei, Klebsiella pneumonia, Pseudomonas mandelii, Pseudomonas putida, Pseudomonas avellanae, and Staphylococcus equorum), isolates had efficacy for cadmium tolerance and showed sequestration potential at varying MIC. Furthermore, K. pneumonia was observed to have the highest (900 ppm) tolerance for cadmium and the lowest (600 ppm) was shown by E. kobei. Besides, K. pneumonia showed the highest (75.2%) sequestration potential while the least (52.4%) potential was observed for P. putida. These cadmium tolerant species can be implemented in contaminated environments for detoxification and elimination of cadmium from these agricultural fields. Graphical Abstract.
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Project description:Lipases are a group of enzymes naturally endowed with the property of performing reactions in aqueous as well as organic solvents. The esterification reactions using lipase(s) could be performed in water-restricted organic media as organic solvent(s) not only improve(s) the solubility of substrate and reactant in reaction mixture but also permit(s) the reaction in the reverse direction, and often it is easy to recover the product in organic phase in two-phase equilibrium systems. The use of organic solvent tolerant lipase in organic media has exhibited many advantages: increased activity and stability, regiospecificity and stereoselectivity, higher solubility of substrate, ease of products recovery, and ability to shift the reaction equilibrium toward synthetic direction. Therefore the search for organic solvent tolerant enzymes has been an extensive area of research. A variety of fatty acid esters are now being produced commercially using immobilized lipase in nonaqueous solvents. This review describes the organic tolerance and industrial application of lipases. The main emphasis is to study the nature of organic solvent tolerant lipases. Also, the potential industrial applications that make lipases the biocatalysts of choice for the present and future have been presented.
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Project description:Cadmium (Cd) is one of the most toxic heavy metals for human health. It can be present in multiple food products, including cocoa cultivated in regions with high soil Cd concentrations. A strategy to minimize Cd uptake by cacao trees is using cadmium-tolerant bacteria (CdtB) and filamentous fungi (CdtF) to reduce Cd availability in soils. We isolated culturable CdtB and CdtF from different locations in a cocoa-producing region in central Colombia. A total of 42 CdtB and 30 CdtF morphotypes were isolated from locations with varying natural Cd concentrations. In vitro characterizations showed that in addition to their resistance to Cd, bacteria and fungi are involved in the nutrient cycling of N, P, and C in the soil. Bacterial morphotypes from genera Pseudomonas and Burkholderia grew in concentrations up to 140 mg kg-1 Cd. Among the isolated fungi, P. igniaria, Metarhizium sp., and Annulohypoxylon sp. were the most resistant, with the highest average Cd bioaccumulation, Cd remotion, and tolerance. We present new information about the native culturable bacterial morphotypes associated with cacao plants and, to the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of Cd-TF associated with cacao crops. Our results expand the knowledge about culturable CdtB and CdtF in cacao-cultivated soils and their interaction with key soil elements, with the potential to develop integrated soil management strategies.
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Project description:Several mechanism and non-mechanism-based studies supporting the claim that lactic acid bacteria (LAB) strains confer health benefits and play immune-modulatory roles were examined in this review. Probiotic applications of LAB on global burdens such as obesity and type-2 diabetes were discussed as well as the use of yoghurt and ice cream as important vehicles to convey several beneficial LAB strains. Probiotic and symbiotic dairy products may be used in the nearest future to treat a variety of health disorders. Current studies suggest that lactic acid bacteria possess anti-obesity and anti-diabetic propensities on their hosts and thus can play a crucial role in human health care. Research in the rheological and physicochemical properties of ice cream as well as its applications are also on the increase. These applications face certain hurdles including technological (for less developed countries), consumer acceptability of new functional foods may be influenced by culture, ethics or religion. There is need for more studies on the genetic basis for probiotic properties which will give further understanding regarding novel manipulation skills and applicability in nutrition and health sectors. More studies confirming the direct effects of probiotic LABs in lowering the spread of food-borne and other pathogens are also anticipated.
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Project description:BACKGROUND:Soil and effluent of lead and zinc industries contain high concentration of cadmium. The present study was conducted to isolate tolerant fungal strains from cadmium -polluted sites in Zanjan province, Iran. METHODS:Cadmium tolerance and bioremediation capacity of seven isolates including Aspergilus versicolor, Aspergillus fumigatus, Paecilomyces sp.9, Paecilomyces sp.G, Terichoderma sp, Microsporum sp,Cladosporium sp were determined. RESULTS:Minimum inhibitory concentration values among 1,000-4,000 mg l-(1)proved great ability of isolated strains to survive in cadmium polluted environments. The most tolerant fungi, Aspergilus versicolor, showed tolerance index of 0.8 in 100 mg l-(1) cadmium agar media. Fungal resistance against cadmium is depended directly on strain's biological function. A. versicolor was found to bioaccumulate over7 mg of cadmium per 1 g of mycelium, followed by 5.878, 5.243, and 5.075, 4.557 by Paecilomyces sp, Aspergilus fumigatus, Microsporum sp and Terichoderma sp, respectively. CONCLUSION:It can be noted that tolerance of the strains appears to be independent from bioaccumulation capacity. Finally, the results indicated that A. versicolor could be a prospective candidate for bioremediation processes.
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