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The chromosome-level genome provides insight into the molecular mechanism underlying the tortuous-branch phenotype of Prunus mume.

ABSTRACT: Plant with naturally twisted branches is referred to as a tortuous-branch plant, which have extremely high ornamental value due to their zigzag shape and the natural twisting of their branches. Prunus mume is an important woody ornamental plant. However, the molecular mechanism underlying this unique trait in Prunus genus is unknown. Here, we present a chromosome-level genome assembly of the cultivated P. mume var. tortuosa created using Oxford Nanopore combined with Hi-C scaffolding, which resulted in a 237.8 Mb genome assembly being anchored onto eight pseudochromosomes. Molecular dating indicated that P. mume is the most recently differentiated species in Prunus. Genes associated with cell division, development and plant hormones play essential roles in the formation of tortuous branch trait. A putative regulatory pathway for the tortuous branch trait was constructed based on gene expression levels. Furthermore, after transferring candidate PmCYCD genes into Arabidopsis thaliana, we found that seedlings overexpressing these genes exhibited curled rosette leaves. Our results provide insights into the evolutionary history of recently differentiated species in Prunus genus, the molecular basis of stem morphology, and the molecular mechanism underlying the tortuous branch trait and highlight the utility of multi-omics in deciphering the properties of P. mume plant architecture.

SUBMITTER: Zheng T

PROVIDER: S-EPMC9299681 | biostudies-literature |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Project description:Bud dormancy is a critical developmental process for perennial plant survival, and also an important physiological phase that affects the next season’s growth of temperate fruit trees. Bud dormancy is regulated by multiple genetic factors, and affected by various environmental factors, tree age and vigor. To understand molecular mechanism of bud dormancy in Japanese apricot (Prunus mume Sieb. et Zucc.), we constructed a custom oligo DNA microarray covering the Japanese apricot dormant bud ESTs referring to peach (P. persica) genome sequence. Because endodormancy release is a chilling temperature-dependent physiological event, genes showing chilling-mediated differential expression patterns are candidates to control endodormancy release. Using the microarray constructed in this study, we monitored gene expression changes of dormant vegetative buds of Japanese apricot during prolonged artificial chilling exposure. In addition, we analyzed seasonal gene expression changes. ‘Nanko’ vegetative buds collected in November, and those exposed to chilling for 40 or 60 days were used as microarray samples. Among the 58539 different unigene probes, 2345 and 1059 genes were identified as being more than two-fold up-regulated and down-regulated, respectively, following chilling exposure for 60 days (P value < 0.05). The down-regulated genes included P. mume DORMANCY-ASSOCIATED MADS-box genes, which supported the previous quantitative RT-PCR and EST analyses showing that these genes are repressed by prolonged chilling treatments. The genes encoding lipoxygenase were remarkably up-regulated by prolonged chilling. Cluster analysis suggested that the expression of the genes showing expression changes by artificial chilling exposure were coordinately regulated by seasonal changes. Our parametric analysis of gene set enrichment suggested that genes related to jasmonic acid (JA) and oxylipin biosynthesis and metabolic processes were significantly up-regulated by prolonged chilling, whereas genes related to circadian rhythm were significantly down-regulated. The results obtained from the microarray analyses were verified by quantitative RT-PCR analysis of selected genes. Taken together, this study raised the possibility that the microarray platform constructed in this study is applicable for deeper understanding of molecular network related to agronomically important bud phisiologies including dormancy release.

Project description:Bud dormancy is a critical developmental process for perennial plant survival, and also an important physiological phase that affects the next seasonM-bM-^@M-^Ys growth of temperate fruit trees. Bud dormancy is regulated by multiple genetic factors, and affected by various environmental factors, tree age and vigor. To understand molecular mechanism of bud dormancy in Japanese apricot (Prunus mume Sieb. et Zucc.), we constructed a custom oligo DNA microarray covering the Japanese apricot dormant bud ESTs referring to peach (P. persica) genome sequence. Because endodormancy release is a chilling temperature-dependent physiological event, genes showing chilling-mediated differential expression patterns are candidates to control endodormancy release. Using the microarray constructed in this study, we monitored gene expression changes of dormant vegetative buds of Japanese apricot during prolonged artificial chilling exposure. In addition, we analyzed seasonal gene expression changes. M-bM-^@M-^XNankoM-bM-^@M-^Y vegetative buds collected in November, and those exposed to chilling for 40 or 60 days were used as microarray samples. Among the 58539 different unigene probes, 2345 and 1059 genes were identified as being more than two-fold up-regulated and down-regulated, respectively, following chilling exposure for 60 days (P value < 0.05). The down-regulated genes included P. mume DORMANCY-ASSOCIATED MADS-box genes, which supported the previous quantitative RT-PCR and EST analyses showing that these genes are repressed by prolonged chilling treatments. The genes encoding lipoxygenase were remarkably up-regulated by prolonged chilling. Cluster analysis suggested that the expression of the genes showing expression changes by artificial chilling exposure were coordinately regulated by seasonal changes. Our parametric analysis of gene set enrichment suggested that genes related to jasmonic acid (JA) and oxylipin biosynthesis and metabolic processes were significantly up-regulated by prolonged chilling, whereas genes related to circadian rhythm were significantly down-regulated. The results obtained from the microarray analyses were verified by quantitative RT-PCR analysis of selected genes. Taken together, this study raised the possibility that the microarray platform constructed in this study is applicable for deeper understanding of molecular network related to agronomically important bud phisiologies including dormancy release. In this study, we used chilling exposed bud samples (0, 40, 60 days starting at November) and seasonal monthly bud samples (June to March). For the samples in dataset 1 (three different time points during chilling treatment), three technical replicates (60K M-CM-^W 3 per sample) with three biological replicates were averaged, whereas three technical replicates were averaged for the samples in dataset 2 (10 different seasonal time points)

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The chromosome-level genome provides insight into the molecular mechanism underlying the tortuous-branch phenotype of Prunus mume.

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