Dataset Information

Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of Prostate-Specific Membrane Antigen (PSMA) Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography (PET/CT) for the Primary Staging of Prostate Cancer in Australia.

ABSTRACT:

Background and objectives

Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) positron emission tomography (PET) combined with computed tomography (CT) is a new imaging modality to detect the extra-prostatic spread of prostate cancer. PSMA PET/CT has a higher sensitivity and specificity than conventional imaging (CT ± whole body bone scan [WBBS]). This study conducted a cost-utility analysis of PSMA PET/CT compared with conventional imaging for patients with newly diagnosed, intermediate-risk or high-risk primary prostate cancer.

Perspective

Australian healthcare perspective.

Setting

Tertiary.

Methods

A decision-analytic Markov model combined data from a variety of sources. The time horizon was 35 years. The sensitivity and specificity of PSMA PET/CT and CT alone were based on meta-analyses and the test accuracy of CT+WBBS was based on a single randomised controlled trial. Health outcomes included cases detected, life-years, and quality-adjusted life-years. Costs related to other diagnostic tests, initial treatment, adverse events, and post-disease progression were included. All costs were reported in 2021 Australian Dollars (A$).

Results

The deterministic incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of PSMA PET/CT was estimated to be A $21,147/quality-adjusted life-year gained versus CT+WBBS, and A$36,231/quality-adjusted life-year gained versus CT alone. The results were most sensitive to the time horizon, and the initial treatments received by patients diagnosed with metastatic cancer. The probability of PSMA PET/CT being cost effective was estimated to be 91% versus CT+WBBS and 89% versus CT alone, using a threshold of AU$50,000/quality-adjusted life-year gained.

Conclusions

PSMA PET/CT is likely to be more costly than CT+WBBS or CT alone in Australia; however, it is still likely to be considered cost effective compared with conventional imaging.

SUBMITTER: Song R

PROVIDER: S-EPMC9300561 | biostudies-literature |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Project description:ContextIn December 2020, the US Food and Drug Administration approved a 68Ga-labeled prostate-specific membrane antigen ligand (68Ga-PSMA-11) for positron emission tomography (PET) in patients with suspected prostate cancer (PCa) metastasis who are candidates for initial definitive therapy. 68Ga-PSMA PET is increasingly performed for these patients and is usually combined with computed tomography (CT). In recent years, 68Ga-PSMA PET has been combined with high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), which is beneficial for T staging and may further enhance the staging of primary PCa.ObjectiveTo compare the diagnostic accuracy of 68Ga-PSMA PET/MRI with 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT for staging of primary PCa.Evidence acquisitionA comprehensive literature search was performed using Embase, PubMed/Medline, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar up to June 24, 2021 in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Risk of bias was assessed using the QUADAS-2 tool.Evidence synthesisThe search identified 2632 articles, of which 27 were included. The diagnostic accuracy of 68Ga-PSMA PET/MRI, measured as the pooled natural logarithm of diagnostic odds ratio (lnDOR), was 2.27 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.21-3.32) for detection of extracapsular extension (ECE), 3.50 (95% CI 2.14-4.86) for seminal vesicle invasion (SVI), and 4.73 (95% CI 2.93-6.52) for lymph node metastasis (LNM). For 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT, the analysis showed lnDOR of 2.45 (95% CI 0.75-4.14), 2.94 (95% CI 2.26-3.63), and 2.42 (95% CI 2.07-2.78) for detection of ECE, SVI, and LNM, respectively. The overall risk of bias and applicability concerns were assessed as moderate and low, respectively.Conclusions68Ga-PSMA PET/MRI shows high diagnostic accuracy equivalent to that of 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT for detection of ECE, SVI, and LNM in staging of PCa. There is an urgent need for direct comparison of the two diagnostic tests in future research.Patient summaryThe use of radioactively labeled molecules that bind to prostate-specific membrane antigen (68Ga-PSMA) for positron emission tomography (PET) scans combined with either computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is increasing for prostate cancer diagnosis. There is a need for direct comparison of the two tests to demonstrate the benefit of 68Ga-PSMA PET/MRI for determining tumor stage in prostate cancer.Take home messageAfter the recent US Food and Drug Administration approval of 68Ga-labeled prostate-specific membrane antigen ligand (68Ga-PSMA) positron emission tomography (PET) for staging of primary prostate cancer (PCa), it is expected that the use of this imaging modality will increase rapidly. Our review of the literature shows that 68Ga-PSMA PET/magnetic resonance imaging has high diagnostic accuracy equivalent to that of 68Ga-PSMA PET/computed tomography in primary PCa staging. There is an urgent need for direct head-to-head comparison of the two diagnostic tests in future research.