Dataset Information

Drivers and trends of global soil microbial carbon over two decades.

ABSTRACT: Soil microorganisms are central to sustain soil functions and services, like carbon and nutrient cycling. Currently, we only have a limited understanding of the spatial-temporal dynamics of soil microorganisms, restricting our ability to assess long-term effects of climate and land-cover change on microbial roles in soil biogeochemistry. This study assesses the temporal trends in soil microbial biomass carbon and identifies the main drivers of biomass change regionally and globally to detect the areas sensitive to these environmental factors. Here, we combined a global soil microbial biomass carbon data set, random forest modelling, and environmental layers to predict spatial-temporal dynamics of microbial biomass carbon stocks from 1992 to 2013. Soil microbial biomass carbon stocks decreased globally by 3.4 ± 3.0% (mean ± 95% CI) between 1992 and 2013 for the predictable regions, equivalent to 149 Mt being lost over the period, or ~1‰ of soil C. Northern areas with high soil microbial carbon stocks experienced the strongest decrease, mostly driven by increasing temperatures. In contrast, land-cover change was a weaker global driver of change in microbial carbon, but had, in some cases, important regional effects.

SUBMITTER: Patoine G

PROVIDER: S-EPMC9300697 | biostudies-literature | 2022 Jul

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Drivers and trends of global soil microbial carbon over two decades.

Patoine Guillaume G Eisenhauer Nico N Cesarz Simone S Phillips Helen R P HRP Xu Xiaofeng X Zhang Lihua L Guerra Carlos A CA

Nature communications 20220720 1

Soil microorganisms are central to sustain soil functions and services, like carbon and nutrient cycling. Currently, we only have a limited understanding of the spatial-temporal dynamics of soil microorganisms, restricting our ability to assess long-term effects of climate and land-cover change on microbial roles in soil biogeochemistry. This study assesses the temporal trends in soil microbial biomass carbon and identifies the main drivers of biomass change regionally and globally to detect the ...[more]

PMID: 35858886

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Project description:BackgroundDengue, the fastest-spreading vector-borne disease (VBD), significantly burdens global health systems. This study analyzed the trends in the global burden of dengue from 1990 to 2021, utilizing data from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2021 (GBD 2021).Methodology/principal findingsWe retrieved data from GBD 2021 regarding dengue, including the number of incidences and age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR), the number of deaths and age-standardized death rate (ASDR), disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) and age-standardized DALYs. The estimated annual percentage change (EAPC) of ASIR, ASDR, and standardized DALYs rate was calculated to quantify trends over time. In addition, the correlations between dengue burden and sea level rise, as well as the Socio-Demographic Index (SDI), were evaluated. In this study, it was observed that from 1990 to 2021, the global incidence of dengue escalated from 26.45 million to 58.96 million cases, accompanied by an increase in related deaths from 14,315 to 29,075, and DALYs rising from 1.25 million to 2.08 million years. These data collectively indicate that the disease burden approximately doubled, with South Asia, Southeast Asia, and tropical Latin America being the most severely affected regions. The disease burden remained substantial in middle and low-middle-SDI regions, whereas high-middle and high SDI regions experienced pronounced growth rates in ASIR, ASDR, and age-standardized DALYs rate. Adolescents and the elderly showed higher incidence, yet children under 5 had the highest DALYs. Correlation analyses revealed an inverted U-shaped relationship between the SDI and both the ASDR and age-standardized DALYs rate, and changes in sea level height strongly correlated with the overall dengue burden.Conclusions/significanceThe global dengue burden has surged due to climate change, vector transmission, and population mobility. Increased focus and tailored control strategies are essential, particularly in South Asia, Southeast Asia, and Latin America.

Project description:BackgroundCesarean section (CS) is a major component of emergency obstetric care. There has been a substantial rise in the rate of CS in private institutions in Nepal which might reflect the successful implementation of delivery schemes introduced by the government extended to the private organizations alternatively, it may also reflect the need for more public health care facilities to provide maternal and child health care services. Hence, the objective of this study was to examine the trends in institutional-based CS rates in Nepal along with its correlates over time.MethodsWe used the National Demographic and Health Survey (NDHS) data collected every 5 years, from 1996 to 2016. The trend in CS rates based on five waves of NDHS data along with its correlates were examined using multivariable logistic regression models after adjusting for socio-demographics and pregnancy-related variables.ResultsWe included 20,824 reproductive-aged women who had a history of delivery within the past 5 years. The population-based CS rate increased from 0.9% in 1996 [95% CI: (0.6-1.2) %] to 10.2% in 2016 [95% CI: (8.9-11.6) %, p < 0.01] whereas the institutional-based CS rate increased from 10.4% in 1996 [95% CI: (8.3-12.9) %] to 16.4% in 2016 [95% CI: (14.5-18.5) %, p < 0.01]. Private institutions had a nearly 3-fold increase in CS rate (8.9% in 1996 [95% CI: (4.8-16.0) %] vs. 26.3% in 2016[95% CI: (21.9-31.3) %]. This was also evident in the trend analysis where the odds of having CS was 3.58 times higher [95% CI: (1.83-7.00), p < 0.01] in 2016 than in 1996 in the private sectors, while there was no evidence of an increase in public hospitals (10.9% in 1996 to 12.9% in 2016; p for trend > 0.05). Education of women, residence, wealth index, parity and place of delivery were significantly associated with the CS rate.ConclusionNepal has observed a substantial increase in cesarean delivery over the 20 years, which might indicate a successful implementation of the safe motherhood program in addressing the Millennium Development Goals and Universal Health Care agenda on maternal and child health. However, the Nepal government should examine existing disparities in accessibility of emergency obstetric care services, such as differences in CS between public and private sectors, and promote equity in maternal and child health care services accessibility and utilization.

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Drivers and trends of global soil microbial carbon over two decades.

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Drivers and trends of global soil microbial carbon over two decades.

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