Dataset Information

Influence of different zirconia surface treatments on biofilm formation in vitro and in situ.

ABSTRACT:

Objectives

To determine whether the surface treatment of zirconia affects biofilm formation in an in vitro three-species biofilm model and in situ.

Material and methods

Zirconia surfaces considered for the transmucosal portion of a zirconia implant were compared with polished pure titanium grade 4 (Tp). Disks 13 mm in diameter of either polished (Zp), polished and heat-treated (Zpt), machined (Zm), machined and heat-treated (Zmt) and sandblasted, etched and heat-treated (Z14) zirconia were fabricated. Surface roughness and wettability of specimens was measured. Biofilm formation was evaluated by safranin staining and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) using a three-species model, and intraorally with 16 volunteers carrying oral splints in two independent experiments. Relative biofilm formation was compared with Kruskal-Wallis followed by Bonferroni post hoc test (α = 0.05).

Results

In vitro biofilm formation with optical density values on Zp (0.14 ± 0.01), Zpt (0.14 ± 0.02), Zm (0.13 ± 0.01) and Zmt (0.13 ± 0.01) was significantly lower than on Tp (0.21 ± 0.05) and Z14 (0.20 ± 0.04) (p < .05). In situ biofilm formation was significantly higher on Z14 (0.56 ± 0.45) (p < .05), while no significant differences in optical density were observed among Zp (0.25 ± 0.20), Zm (0.36 ± 0.34) and Tp (0.28 ± 0.22). SEM analysis supported quantitative findings.

Conclusions

In the in vitro, three-species biofilm model differences in material and surface roughness affected biofilm formation. In situ biofilm formation was mainly affected by the surface roughness of the specimens. Polishing of zirconia is recommended to reduce biofilm formation, while heat treatment has no significant effect.

SUBMITTER: Jaeggi M

PROVIDER: S-EPMC9304171 | biostudies-literature |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Project description:IntroductionMicro- or nano-topography can both provide antimicrobial properties and improve osseointegration of dental implant titanium surfaces. Laser treatment is one of the best surface microtexturing techniques. The aim of this study was to evaluate in vitro and in situ biofilm formation on a laser-treated titanium surface, comparing it with two conventional surfaces, machined and grit-blasted.MethodsFor the in vitro experiment, an oral microcosm biofilm model was developed on the surface of titanium disks and reference human enamel using a bioreactor for 48 h. For the in situ experiment, titanium implants with laser-treated, machined and grit-blasted surfaces were mounted on intraoral trays and worn by ten volunteers for 48 h. Biofilm formation was quantitatively evaluated, and surfaces were analyzed using confocal laser scanning microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy.Results–in vitro studyBiofilm structures with a prevalence of viable cells covered most of the machined, grit-blasted and human enamel surfaces, whereas less dense biofilm structures with non-confluent microcolonies were observed on the laser-treated titanium. Laser-treated titanium showed the lowest biofilm formation, where microorganisms colonized the edges of the laser-created pits, with very few or no biofilm formation observed inside the pits.Results–in situ studyThe biofilm formation pattern observed was similar to that in the in vitro experiment. Confocal laser scanning microscopy showed complete coverage of the implant threads, with mostly viable cells in grit-blasted and machined specimens. Unexpectedly, laser-treated specimens showed few dead microbial cells colonizing the bottom of the threads, while an intense colonization was found on the threading sides.ConclusionThis data suggests that laser-created microtopography can reduce biofilm formation, with a maximum effect when the surface is blasted orthogonally by the laser beam. In this sense the orientation of the laser beam seems to be relevant for the biological interaction with biofilms.