The Majority of United States Citizens With Cancer do not Have Access to Carbon Ion Radiotherapy.
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Foote RL
PROVIDER: S-EPMC9304691 | biostudies-literature |
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Project description:Carbon-ion irradiation is an emerging therapeutic option for several tumor entities including lung cancer. Well oxygenated tumor areas compared to a hypoxic environment favor therapeutic photon irradiation efficiency of solid tumors due to increased amounts of DNA damage. The resistance of hypoxic tumor areas towards photon irradiation is enhanced through increased HIF-1 signaling. Here, we compared the effects of oxygen and HIF 1 after photon and carbon-ion irradiation with biological equivalent doses in a human non-small lung cancer model. In hypoxia compared to normoxia, A549 and H1299 cells displayed improved survival after photon irradiation. Knockdown of HIF-1α combined with photon irradiation synergistically delayed tumor growth in vivo. Photon irradiation induced HIF-1α and several of its target genes such as PDK1, GLUT-1, LDHA, and VEGF with subsequent enhanced tumor angiogenesis in vivo, a signaling cascade that was not targeted by carbon-ion irradiation. We present evidence that photons but not carbon-ions induce HIF-1α via mTOR pathway. Importantly, after carbon-ion irradiation in vivo, we observed substantial downregulation of HIF-1α and a drastically delayed tumor growth indicating a considerable higher relative biological effectiveness (RBE) than anticipated from the cell survival data. In sum, our results demonstrate that carbon-ions mediate an improved therapeutic response of tumor treatment compared to photon irradiation that is independent of cell oxygenation and HIF-1 signaling.
2014-04-20 | GSE45403 | GEO
Project description:Carbon-ion irradiation is an emerging therapeutic option for several tumor entities including lung cancer. Well oxygenated tumor areas compared to a hypoxic environment favor therapeutic photon irradiation efficiency of solid tumors due to increased amounts of DNA damage. The resistance of hypoxic tumor areas towards photon irradiation is enhanced through increased HIF-1 signaling. Here, we compared the effects of oxygen and HIF 1 after photon and carbon-ion irradiation with biological equivalent doses in a human non-small lung cancer model. In hypoxia compared to normoxia, A549 and H1299 cells displayed improved survival after photon irradiation. Knockdown of HIF-1M-NM-1 combined with photon irradiation synergistically delayed tumor growth in vivo. Photon irradiation induced HIF-1M-NM-1 and several of its target genes such as PDK1, GLUT-1, LDHA, and VEGF with subsequent enhanced tumor angiogenesis in vivo, a signaling cascade that was not targeted by carbon-ion irradiation. We present evidence that photons but not carbon-ions induce HIF-1M-NM-1 via mTOR pathway. Importantly, after carbon-ion irradiation in vivo, we observed substantial downregulation of HIF-1M-NM-1 and a drastically delayed tumor growth indicating a considerable higher relative biological effectiveness (RBE) than anticipated from the cell survival data. In sum, our results demonstrate that carbon-ions mediate an improved therapeutic response of tumor treatment compared to photon irradiation that is independent of cell oxygenation and HIF-1 signaling. 16 independent cell cultures were used. Each culture was split into an irradiated and a control plate, yieldin a total of 16 paired samples. Paired samples were analysed in 16 two-color hybridizations. Factors time (after irradiation) with levels 1h and 4h and factor radiation quality with levels C12 and X-rays were analyzed. Each of the 2x2 combinations was analyzed in 4 independent experiments.
2014-04-20 | E-GEOD-45403 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:PurposeCarbon ion radiotherapy (CIRT) is an emerging radiotherapy modality with potential advantages over conventional photon-based therapy, including exhibiting a Bragg peak and greater relative biological effectiveness, leading to a higher degree of cell kill. Currently, 13 centers are treating with CIRT, although there are no centers in the United States. We aimed to estimate the number of patients eligible for a CIRT center in the United States.Materials and methodsUsing the National Cancer Database, we analyzed the incidence of cancers frequently treated with CIRT internationally (glioblastoma, hepatocellular carcinoma, cholangiocarcinoma, locally advanced pancreatic cancer, non-small cell lung cancer, localized prostate cancer, soft tissue sarcomas, and specific head and neck cancers) diagnosed in the United States in 2015. The percentage and number of patients likely benefiting from CIRT was estimated with inclusion criteria from clinical trials and retrospective studies, and that ratio was applied to 2019 cancer statistics. An adaption correction rate was applied to estimate the potential number of patients treated with CIRT. Given the high dependency on prostate and lung cancers and the uncertain adoption of CIRT in those diseases, the data were then reanalyzed excluding those diagnoses.ResultsOf the 1 127 455 new cases of cancer diagnosed in the United States in 2015, there were 213 073 patients (18.9%) eligible for treatment with CIRT based on inclusion criteria. When applying this rate and the adaption correction rate to the 2019 incidence data, an estimated 89 946 patients (42.2% of those fitting inclusion criteria) are eligible for CIRT. Excluding prostate and lung cancers, there were an estimated 8922 patients (10% of those eligible for CIRT) eligible for CIRT. The number of patients eligible for CIRT is estimated to increase by 25% to 27.7% by 2025.ConclusionOur analysis suggests a need for CIRT in the United States in 2019, with the number of patients possibly eligible to receive CIRT expected to increase during the coming 5 to 10 years.
| S-EPMC7707324 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Carbon-ion irradiation is an emerging therapeutic option for several tumor entities including lung cancer. Well oxygenated tumor areas compared to a hypoxic environment favor therapeutic photon irradiation efficiency of solid tumors due to increased amounts of DNA damage. The resistance of hypoxic tumor areas towards photon irradiation is enhanced through increased HIF-1 signaling. Here, we compared the effects of oxygen and HIF 1 after photon and carbon-ion irradiation with biological equivalent doses in a human non-small lung cancer model. In hypoxia compared to normoxia, A549 and H1299 cells displayed improved survival after photon irradiation. Knockdown of HIF-1α combined with photon irradiation synergistically delayed tumor growth in vivo. Photon irradiation induced HIF-1α and several of its target genes such as PDK1, GLUT-1, LDHA, and VEGF with subsequent enhanced tumor angiogenesis in vivo, a signaling cascade that was not targeted by carbon-ion irradiation. We present evidence that photons but not carbon-ions induce HIF-1α via mTOR pathway. Importantly, after carbon-ion irradiation in vivo, we observed substantial downregulation of HIF-1α and a drastically delayed tumor growth indicating a considerable higher relative biological effectiveness (RBE) than anticipated from the cell survival data. In sum, our results demonstrate that carbon-ions mediate an improved therapeutic response of tumor treatment compared to photon irradiation that is independent of cell oxygenation and HIF-1 signaling. 16 independent cell cultures were used. Each culture was split into an irradiated and a control plate, yieldin a total of 16 paired samples. Paired samples were analysed in 16 two-color hybridizations. Factors time (after irradiation) with levels 1h and 4h and factor radiation quality with levels C12 and X-rays were analyzed. Each of the 2x2 combinations was analyzed in 4 independent experiments.
| S-ECPF-GEOD-45403 | biostudies-other
Project description:Purpose: Mediastinal and hilar lymph node metastasis is one of the recurrence patterns after definitive treatment of lung cancer. Salvage radiotherapy (RT) can be a treatment option for lymph node metastasis. However, the usefulness of additional RT remains unclear after surgery or RT for the primary lung tumor. We retrospectively evaluated the efficacy and safety of hypofractionated carbon-ion RT for isolated lymph node metastasis. Methods and Materials: Between April 2013 and August 2016, 15 consecutive patients with isolated lymph node metastasis underwent carbon-ion RT. The pretreatment evaluations confirmed the isolated lymph node metastasis and the absence of local recurrence or distant metastasis, which was oligometastatic disease. The median age was 72 (range, 51-83) years, with 11 male patients. The first treatments for primary lung tumors were carbon-ion RT for 8 patients and surgery for 7 patients. There were 9 adenocarcinomas, 4 squamous cell carcinomas, 1 adenosquamous cell carcinoma, and 1 mucoepidermoid carcinoma. Most patients (93%) were irradiated with 52.8 Gy relative biological effectiveness in 12 fractions for 3 weeks. There were no patients treated with concurrent or adjuvant therapy such as chemotherapy, molecular-targeted therapy, or immunotherapy. Adverse events were evaluated according to the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (version 4.0). Results: The median follow-up for surviving patients was 28 months. One patient experienced local lymph node recurrence, and the 2-year local control rate was 92% for all patients. Distant metastasis was observed in 7 patients, and 2-year progression-free survival rate was 47%. During follow-up, there were 4 deaths from lung cancer, and the 2-year overall survival rate was 75%. There were 2 patients with acute grade 2 esophagitis and 2 with late grade 2 cough, which were improved by conservative therapy. There were no other grade 2 or higher adverse events. Conclusions: Hypofractionated carbon-ion RT showed excellent local control and overall survival without severe toxicities in lung cancer patients with isolated lymph node metastasis after surgery or carbon-ion RT for primary lung tumors. A multi-institutional prospective study is required to establish the efficacy and safety of carbon-ion RT.
| S-EPMC6692658 | biostudies-literature
Project description:This study aimed to first elucidate prostate-specific antigen (PSA) kinetics in prostate cancer patients treated with carbon ion radiotherapy (CIRT). From 2010 to 2015, 131 patients with prostate adenocarcinoma treated with CIRT (57.6 Gy relative biological effectiveness (RBE) in 16 fractions) alone were recruited. PSA was measured at 1, 2, 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, 21, 24, 30, 36, 42, 48, 54, and 60 months post-CIRT. PSA bounce was defined as PSA increase over a cutoff followed by spontaneous decrease to or below the pre-bounce nadir. PSA failure was determined using the Phoenix criteria (nadir + 2.0 ng/mL). As a result, non-failure-associated temporary increase in PSA exhibited two distinct patterns, namely a classical bounce and a surge at one month. PSA bounce of ³0.2 ng/mL was observed in 55.7% of the patients. Bounce amplitude was <2.0 ng/mL in 97.6% of cases. Bounce occurred significantly earlier than PSA failure. Younger age was a significant predictor of bounce occurrence. Bounce positivity was a significant predictor of favorable 5-year PSA failure-free survival. Meanwhile, a PSA surge of ³0.2 ng/mL was observed in 67.9% of patients. Surge amplitude was significantly larger than bounce amplitude. Larger prostate volume was a significant predictor of PSA surge occurrence. PSA surge positivity did not significantly predict PSA failure. In summary, PSA bounce was distinguishable from PSA failure with regard to timing of occurrence and amplitude (earlier and lower for bounce, respectively). These data are useful for post-CIRT surveillance of prostate cancer patients.
| S-EPMC7139713 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundThere are limited studies on the risk of secondary cancers after carbon-ion radiotherapy (CIRT). We assessed the incidence of secondary cancers in patients treated with CIRT for cervical cancer. We also evaluated the incidence of secondary cancers in patients who received standard photon radiotherapy (RT) throughout the same period.MethodsThis retrospective study included patients with cervical cancer who underwent curative RT at our hospital. All cancers discovered for the first time after RT were classified as secondary cancers. To compare the risk of secondary cancers among cervical cancer survivors to the general population, standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) were calculated.ResultsThe analysis included a total of 197 and 417 patients in the CIRT and photon RT groups, respectively. The total person-years during the observation period were 1052.4 in the CIRT group and 2481.5 in the photon RT group. The SIR for all secondary cancers was 1.1 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.6-2.1) in the CIRT group and 1.4 (95% CI, 1.0-2.1) in the photon RT group. The 10-year cumulative incidence of all secondary cancers was 9.5% (95% CI, 4.0-21.5) in the CIRT group and 9.4% (95% CI, 6.2-14.1) in the photon RT group. The CIRT and photon RT groups were not significantly different in incidence (p = 0.268).ConclusionsThe incidence of secondary cancers after CIRT for cervical cancer was similar to that after photon RT. Validation of our findings after long-term observation is warranted.
| S-EPMC9189463 | biostudies-literature
Project description:The aim of this study was to prospectively assess 5-year health-related quality of life (HRQOL) of patients treated with carbon ion radiotherapy (C-ion RT) for clinically localized prostate cancer. A total of 417 patients received carbon ion radiotherapy at a total dose of 63-66 Gray-equivalents (GyE) in 20 fractions over 5 weeks, and neoadjuvant and adjuvant androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) were administered for intermediate and high-risk patients. A HRQOL assessment was performed at five time points (immediately before the initiation of C-ion RT, immediately after, and at 12, 36 and 60 months after completion of C-ion RT) using Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy (FACT) questionnaires. FACT-G and FACT-P scores were significantly decreased; however, the absolute change after 60 months was minimal. The transient decreases in the Trial Outcome Index (TOI) score returned to their baseline levels. Use of ADT, presence of adverse events, and biochemical failure were related to lower scores. Scores of subdomains of FACT instruments indicated characteristic changes. The pattern of HRQOL change after C-ion RT was similar to that of other modalities. Further controlled studies focusing on a HRQOL in patients with prostate cancer are warranted.
| S-EPMC5439371 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Introduction: Carbon ion radiotherapy (CIRT) is a novel treatment for prostate cancer (PCa). However, the underlying mechanism for the individualized response to CIRT is still not clear. Metabolic reprogramming is essential for tumor growth and proliferation. Although changes in metabolite profiles have been detected in patients with cancer treated with photon radiotherapy, there is limited data regarding CIRT-induced metabolic changes in PCa. Therefore, the study aimed to investigate the impact of metabolic reprogramming on individualized response to CIRT in patients with PCa. Materials and Methods: Urine samples were collected from pathologically confirmed patients with PCa before and after CIRT. A UPLC-MS/MS system was used for metabolite detection. XCMS online, MetDNA, and MS-DIAL were used for peak detection and identification of metabolites. Statistical analysis and metabolic pathway analysis were performed on MetaboAnalyst. Results: A total of 1,701 metabolites were monitored in this research. Principal component analysis (PCA) revealed a change in the patient's urine metabolite profiles following CIRT. Thirty-five metabolites were significantly altered, with the majority of them being amino acids. The arginine biosynthesis and histidine metabolism pathways were the most significantly altered pathways. Hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) showed that after CIRT, the patients could be clustered into two groups according to their metabolite profiles. The arginine biosynthesis and phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan biosynthesis pathways are the most significantly discriminated pathways. Conclusion: Our preliminary findings indicate that metabolic reprogramming and inhibition are important mechanisms involved in response to CIRT in patients with PCa. Therefore, changes in urine metabolites could be used to timely assess the individualized response to CIRT.
| S-EPMC8688694 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Carbon ion radiotherapy (CIRT) is a useful and advanced technique for prostate cancer. This study sought to investigate the clinical efficacy and translational research for prostate cancer with carbon ion radiotherapy. We integrated the data from published articles, clinical trials websites, and our data. The efficacy of CIRT for prostate cancer was assessed in terms of overall survival, biochemical recurrence-free survival, and toxicity response. Up to now, clinical treatment of carbon ion radiotherapy has been carried in only five countries. We found that carbon ion radiotherapy induced little genitourinary and gastrointestinal toxicity when used for prostate cancer treatment. To some extent, it led to improved outcomes in overall survival, biochemical recurrence-free survival than conventional radiotherapy, especially for high-risk prostate cancer. Carbon ion radiotherapy brought clinical benefits for prostate cancer patients, and quality of life assessment indicated that CIRT affected patients to a lesser extent. Potential biomarkers from our omics-based study could be used to predict the efficacy of prostate cancer with CIRT. Carbon ion radiotherapy brought clinical benefits for prostate cancer patients. The omics-based translational research may provide insights into individualized therapy.
| S-EPMC8602827 | biostudies-literature