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Hospital Urinary Tract Infections in Healthcare Units on the Example of Mazovian Specialist Hospital Ltd.

ABSTRACT: Microbiological diagnostics is of great importance in limiting the spread of nosocomial infections. The information on etiological agents of infections and their susceptibility to antibiotics enables a quick response in the case of a suspected epidemic outbreak. The aim of this study is to analyze the incidence of nosocomial urinary tract infections among patients hospitalized in hospital wards over a period of 2 years and to determine the predominant etiological agent depending on the method of clinical specimen collection. Data from the Mazovian Specialist Hospital (MSH) in Radom constitute the material for the preparation of this study. Urine was collected using two methods. The first one was the method of collecting urine from the central stream, while the second method was urine collected from patients with a urinary catheter in place. The statistical calculations were conducted using the statistical software. Based on hospital data, it was shown that 5,870 urine tests were performed during the period under review, of which 2,070 were positive. The number of positive results in 2021 decreased by 2.84% compared to that in 2020. On the basis of the statistical analysis, differences in the occurrence of multiple strains were observed between catheter-based and midstream urine collection. Differences were observed especially for Acinetobacter baumannii, Candida albicans, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. A. baumannii, C. albicans, and P. aeruginosa were significantly more frequently found in urine samples collected through the catheter than from the midstream. Furthermore, E. coli (51.56%) and Enterococcus species (25.46%) were more frequent when collected from the middle stream than when urine was collected through a catheter. However, for the strain K. pneumoniae, the results were comparable when urine was collected from catheterized patients (13.83%) and from midstream (13.35%). Urinary tract infection among hospitalized patients of the Mazovian Specialist Hospital in Radom was diagnosed quite frequently. In 2021, 32 more urine cultures were performed than in 2020. In the analyzed period, among all ordered urine cultures, 35.27% of samples were positive.

SUBMITTER: Trzesniewska-Ofiara Z

PROVIDER: S-EPMC9309389 | biostudies-literature |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Project description:IntroductionHealthcare-associated (HCA) infections represent a growing public health problem. The aim of this study was to compare community-onset healthcare associated (CO-HCA) bacteremic urinary tract infections (BUTI) and hospital-acquired (HA)-BUTI with special focus on multidrug resistances (MDR) and outcomes.MethodsITUBRAS-project is a prospective multicenter cohort study of patients with HCA-BUTI. All consecutive hospitalized adult patients with CO-HCA-BUTI or HA-BUTI episode were included in the study. Exclusion criteria were: patients < 18 years old, non-hospitalized patients, bacteremia from another source or primary bacteremia, non-healthcare-related infections and infections caused by unusual pathogens of the urinary tract. The main outcome variable was 30-day all-cause mortality with day 1 as the first day of positive blood culture. Logistic regression was used to analyze factors associated with clinical cure at hospital discharge and with receiving inappropriate initial antibiotic treatment. Cox regression was used to evaluate 30-day all-cause mortality.ResultsFour hundred forty-three episodes were included, 223 CO-HCA-BUTI. Patients with CO-HCA-BUTI were older (p < 0.001) and had more underlying diseases (p = 0.029) than those with HA-BUTI. The severity of the acute illness (Pitt score) was also higher in CO-HCA-BUTI (p = 0.026). Overall, a very high rate of MDR profiles (271/443, 61.2%) was observed, with no statistical differences between groups. In multivariable analysis, inadequate empirical treatment was associated with MDR profile (aOR 3.35; 95% CI 1.77-6.35), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (aOR 2.86; 95% CI 1.27-6.44) and Charlson index (aOR 1.11; 95% CI 1.01-1.23). Mortality was not associated with the site of acquisition of the infection or the presence of MDR profile. However, in the logistic regression analyses patients with CO-HCA-BUTI (aOR 0.61; 95% CI 0.40-0.93) were less likely to present clinical cure.ConclusionThe rate of MDR infections was worryingly high in our study. No differences in MDR rates were found between CO-HCA-BUTI and HA-BUTI, in the probability of receiving inappropriate empirical treatment or in 30-day mortality. However, CO-HCA-BUTIs were associated with worse clinical cure.

Project description:Urinary tract infections (UTIs) account for over 30% of healthcare-associated infections. The aim of this study was to determine healthcare-associated UTI (HAUTI) and catheter-associated UTI (CAUTI) point prevalence in six Australian hospitals to inform a national point prevalence process and compare two internationally accepted HAUTI definitions. We also described the level and comprehensiveness of clinical record documentation, microbiology laboratory and coding data at identifying HAUTIs and CAUTIs.Data were collected from three public and three private Australian hospitals over the first 6?months of 2013.A total of 1109 patients were surveyed. Records of patients of all ages, hospitalised on the day of the point prevalence at the study sites, were eligible for inclusion. Outpatients, patients in adult mental health units, patients categorised as maintenance care type (ie, patients waiting to be transferred to a long-term care facility) and those in the emergency department during the duration of the survey were excluded.The primary outcome measures were the HAUTI and CAUTI point prevalence.Overall HAUTI and CAUTI prevalence was 1.4% (15/1109) and 0.9% (10/1109), respectively. Staphylococcus aureus and Candida species were the most common pathogens. One-quarter (26.3%) of patients had a urinary catheter and fewer than half had appropriate documentation. Eight of the 15 patients ascertained to have a HAUTI based on clinical records (6 being CAUTI) were coded by the medical records department with an International Classification of Diseases (ICD)-10 code for UTI diagnosis. The Health Protection Agency Surveillance definition had a positive predictive value of 91.67% (CI 64.61 to 98.51) compared against the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention definition.These study results provide a foundation for a national Australian point prevalence study and inform the development and implementation of targeted healthcare-associated infection surveillance more broadly.

Project description:BACKGROUND:Cranberries (particularly in the form of cranberry juice) have been used widely for several decades for the prevention and treatment of urinary tract infections. The aim of this review is to assess the effectiveness of cranberries in treating such infections. OBJECTIVES:To assess the effectiveness of cranberries for the treatment of urinary tract infections. SEARCH STRATEGY:The search strategy developed by the Cochrane Renal Group was used. Also, companies involved with the promotion and distribution of cranberry preparations were contacted; electronic databases and the Internet were searched using English and non English language terms; reference lists of review articles and relevant trials were also searched. SELECTION CRITERIA:All randomised or quasi randomised controlled trials of cranberry juice or cranberry products for the treatment of urinary tract infections. Trials of men, women or children were included. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS:Titles and abstracts of studies that were potentially relevant to the review were screened by one reviewer, RJ, who discarded studies that were clearly ineligible but aimed to be overly inclusive rather than risk losing relevant studies. Reviewers RJ and LM independently assessed whether the studies met the inclusion criteria. Further information was sought from the authors where papers contained insufficient information to make a decision about eligibility. MAIN RESULTS:No trials were found which fulfilled all of the inclusion criteria. Two trials were excluded because they did not have any relevant outcomes. REVIEWER'S CONCLUSIONS:After a thorough search, no randomised trials which assessed the effectiveness of cranberry juice for the treatment of urinary tract infections were found. Therefore, at the present time, there is no good quality evidence to suggest that it is effective for the treatment of urinary tract infections. Well-designed parallel group, double blind trials comparing cranberry juice and other cranberry products versus placebo to assess the effectiveness of cranberry juice in treating urinary tract infections are needed. Outcomes should include reduction in symptoms, sterilisation of the urine, side effects and adherence to therapy. Dosage (amount and concentration) and duration of therapy should also be assessed. Consumers and clinicians will welcome the evidence from these trials.

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Hospital Urinary Tract Infections in Healthcare Units on the Example of Mazovian Specialist Hospital Ltd.

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