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The central role of arginine in Haemophilus influenzae survival in a polymicrobial environment with Streptococcus pneumoniae and Moraxella catarrhalis.

ABSTRACT: Haemophilus influenzae, Streptococcus pneumoniae and Moraxella catarrhalis are bacterial species which frequently co-colonise the nasopharynx, but can also transit to the middle ear to cause otitis media. Chronic otitis media is often associated with a polymicrobial infection by these bacteria. However, despite being present in polymicrobial infections, the molecular interactions between these bacterial species remain poorly understood. We have previously reported competitive interactions driven by pH and growth phase between H. influenzae and S. pneumoniae. In this study, we have revealed competitive interactions between the three otopathogens, which resulted in reduction of H. influenzae viability in co-culture with S. pneumoniae and in triple-species culture. Transcriptomic analysis by mRNA sequencing identified a central role of arginine in mediating these interactions. Arginine supplementation was able to increase H. influenzae survival in a dual-species environment with S. pneumoniae, and in a triple-species environment. Arginine was used by H. influenzae for ATP production, and levels of ATP generated in dual- and triple-species co-culture at early stages of growth were significantly higher than the combined ATP levels of single-species cultures. These results indicate a central role for arginine-mediated ATP production by H. influenzae in the polymicrobial community.

SUBMITTER: Tikhomirova A

PROVIDER: S-EPMC9312370 | biostudies-literature |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Project description:BackgroundPotentially pathogenic bacteria Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis, and Staphylococcus aureus are commonly carried in the nasopharynx of young children. Host and environmental factors have been linked with pathogen carriage, and in many studies rural children have higher carriage rates than their urban counterparts. There are few published data on what factors contribute to increased pathogen density. The objectives of this study were to identify risk factors for nasopharyngeal carriage and density of S. pneumoniae, H. influenzae, M. catarrhalis, and S. aureus in young children in Indonesia.MethodsRisk factor analysis was done using data on bacterial carriage and participant characteristics from a cross-sectional study that enrolled 302 children aged 12-24?months living in urban or semi-rural areas of Indonesia. Associations between host factors and odds of pathogen carriage were explored using logistic regression. Characteristics identified to be independent predictors of carriage by univariable analysis, as well as those that differed between urban and semi-rural participants, were included in multivariable models. Risk factors for increased pathogen density were identified using linear regression analysis.ResultsNo differences in carriage prevalence between urban and semi-rural children were observed. Multiple children under the age of 5?years in the household (<?5y) and upper respiratory tract infection (URTI) symptoms were associated with S. pneumoniae carriage, with adjusted odds ratios (aOR) of 2.17 (95% CI 1.13, 4.12) and 2.28 (95% CI 1.15, 4.50), respectively. There was some evidence that URTI symptoms (aOR 1.94 [95% CI 1.00, 3.75]) were associated with carriage of M. catarrhalis. Children with URTI symptoms (p?=?0.002), and low parental income (p?=?0.011) had higher S. pneumoniae density, whereas older age was associated with lower S. pneumoniae density (p?=?0.009). URTI symptoms were also associated with higher M. catarrahlis density (p?=?0.035). Low maternal education (p?=?0.039) and multiple children <?5y (p?=?0.021) were positively associated with H. influenzae density, and semi-rural residence was associated with higher S. aureus density (p?<?0.001).ConclusionsThis study provides a detailed assessment of risk factors associated with carriage of clinically-relevant bacteria in Indonesian children, and new data on host factors associated with pathogen density.

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The central role of arginine in Haemophilus influenzae survival in a polymicrobial environment with Streptococcus pneumoniae and Moraxella catarrhalis.

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