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Effects of Nano-Aerators on Microbial Communities and Functions in the Water, Sediment, and Shrimp Intestine in Litopenaeus vannamei Aquaculture Ponds.

ABSTRACT: Nanobubble technology has promising development and application prospects in the fields of sewage treatment, soil and groundwater remediation, animal and plant growth, and biomedicine. However, few studies have investigated its effect on shrimp aquaculture. In this study, we investigated the effect of nano-aerators on microbial communities of the water, sediment, and shrimp gut in a Litopenaeus vannamei aquaculture pond using 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing. The results indicated that the nano-aerator significantly increased the microbial community diversity and species abundance in the pond, and the microbial community diversity of the pond sediment increased under short-term aeration conditions. Compared to that with ordinary aerators, nano-aerators increased the proportion of beneficial bacteria, such as Exiguobacterium and Acinetobacter, in the water and sediment microbial communities. Moreover, the proportions of beneficial bacteria in the gut, including Rhodobacter, Oscillospira, and Faecalibacterium, were all increased by using the nano-aerator. Therefore, our findings suggest that nano-aerators could promote the activity of beneficial bacteria in aquaculture ecosystems, thereby regulating water quality, reducing disease incidence, and improving aquaculture efficiency and benefits. Our findings provide new insights into the effects of nano-aerators on microbes in crustacean culture ponds.

SUBMITTER: Xu Y

PROVIDER: S-EPMC9317398 | biostudies-literature |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Project description:It has long been viewed that invertebrates rely exclusively upon a wide variety of innate mechanisms for protection from disease and parasite invasion and lack any specific acquired immune mechanisms comparable to those of vertebrates. Recent findings, however, suggest certain invertebrates may be able to mount some form of specific immunity, termed 'specific immune priming', although the mechanism of this is not fully understood (see Textbox S1). In our initial experiments, either formalin-inactivated Vibrio harveyi or sterile saline were injected into the main body cavity (haemocoel) of juvenile shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei). Haemocytes (blood cells) from V. harveyi-injected shrimp were collected 7 days later and incubated with a 1:1 mix of V. harveyi and an unrelated gram positive bacterium, Bacillus subtilis. Haemocytes from 'vaccinated' shrimp showed elevated levels of phagocytosis of V. harveyi, but not B. subtilis, compared with those from saline-injected (non-immunised) animals. The increased phagocytic activity was characterised by a significant increase in the percentage of phagocytic cells. When shrimp were injected with B. subtilis rather than vibrio, there was no significant increase in the phagocytic activity of haemocytes from these animals in comparison to the non-immunised (saline injected) controls. Whole haemolymph (blood) from either 'immunised' or non-immunised' shrimp was shown to display innate humoral antibacterial activity against V. harveyi that was absent against B. subtilis. However, there was no difference in the potency of antibacterial activity between V. harveyi-injected shrimp and control (saline injected) animals showing that 'vaccination' has no effect on this component of the shrimp's immune system. These results imply that the cellular immune system of shrimp, particularly phagocytosis, is capable of a degree of specificity and shows the phenomenon of 'immune priming' reported by other workers. However, in agreement with other studies, this phenomenon is not universal to all potential pathogens.

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Effects of Nano-Aerators on Microbial Communities and Functions in the Water, Sediment, and Shrimp Intestine in Litopenaeus vannamei Aquaculture Ponds.

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