Dataset Information

Temporal Dynamics of the Intestinal Microbiome Following Short-Term Dietary Restriction.

ABSTRACT: Short-term dietary restriction has been proposed as an intriguing pre-operative conditioning strategy designed to attenuate the surgical stress response and improve outcomes. However, it is unclear how this nutritional intervention influences the microbiome, which is known to modulate the systemic condition. Healthy individuals were recruited to participate in a four-day, 70% protein-restricted, 30% calorie-restricted diet, and stool samples were collected at baseline, after the restricted diet, and after resuming normal food intake. Taxonomy and functional pathway analysis was performed via shotgun metagenomic sequencing, prevalence filtering, and differential abundance analysis. High prevalence species were altered by the dietary intervention but quickly returned to baseline after restarting a regular diet. Composition and functional changes after the restricted diet included the decreased relative abundance of commensal bacteria and a catabolic phenotype. Notable species changes included Faecalibacterium prausnitzii and Roseburia intestinalis, which are major butyrate producers within the colon and are characteristically decreased in many disease states. The macronutrient components of the diet might have influenced these changes. We conclude that short-term dietary restriction modulates the ecology of the gut microbiome, with this modulation being characterized by a relative dysbiosis.

SUBMITTER: Anderson EM

PROVIDER: S-EPMC9318361 | biostudies-literature | 2022 Jul

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Temporal Dynamics of the Intestinal Microbiome Following Short-Term Dietary Restriction.

Anderson Erik M EM Rozowsky Jared M JM Fazzone Brian J BJ Schmidt Emilie A EA Stevens Bruce R BR O'Malley Kerri A KA Scali Salvatore T ST Berceli Scott A SA

Nutrients 20220706 14

Short-term dietary restriction has been proposed as an intriguing pre-operative conditioning strategy designed to attenuate the surgical stress response and improve outcomes. However, it is unclear how this nutritional intervention influences the microbiome, which is known to modulate the systemic condition. Healthy individuals were recruited to participate in a four-day, 70% protein-restricted, 30% calorie-restricted diet, and stool samples were collected at baseline, after the restricted diet, ...[more]

PMID: 35889742

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Project description:High consumption of fructose and high-fructose corn syrup is related to the development of obesity-associated metabolic diseases, which have become the most relevant diet-induced diseases. However, the influences of a high-fructose diet on gut microbiota are still largely unknown. We therefore examined the effect of short-term high-fructose consumption on the human intestinal microbiota. Twelve healthy adult women were enrolled in a pilot intervention study. All study participants consecutively followed four different diets, first a low fructose diet (< 10 g/day fructose), then a fruit-rich diet (100 g/day fructose) followed by a low fructose diet (10 g/day fructose) and at last a high-fructose syrup (HFS) supplemented diet (100 g/day fructose). Fecal microbiota was analyzed by 16S rRNA sequencing. A high-fructose fruit diet significantly shifted the human gut microbiota by increasing the abundance of the phylum Firmicutes, in which beneficial butyrate producing bacteria such as Faecalibacterium, Anareostipes and Erysipelatoclostridium were elevated, and decreasing the abundance of the phylum Bacteroidetes including the genus Parabacteroides. An HFS diet induced substantial differences in microbiota composition compared to the fruit-rich diet leading to a lower Firmicutes and a higher Bacteroidetes abundance as well as reduced abundance of the genus Ruminococcus. Compared to a low-fructose diet we observed a decrease of Faecalibacterium and Erysipelatoclostridium after the HFS diet. Abundance of Bacteroidetes positively correlated with plasma cholesterol and LDL level, whereas abundance of Firmicutes was negatively correlated. Different formulations of high-fructose diets induce distinct alterations in gut microbiota composition. High-fructose intake by HFS causes a reduction of beneficial butyrate producing bacteria and a gut microbiota profile that may affect unfavorably host lipid metabolism whereas high consumption of fructose from fruit seems to modulate the composition of the gut microbiota in a beneficial way supporting digestive health and counteracting harmful effects of excessive fructose.

Project description:The objective of this study was to determine bacterial community profiles of the equine cecum in response to abrupt inclusion of varying levels of dietary starch. Seven cecally cannulated Quarter Horse geldings (497 to 580 kg) were used in a crossover design with two 28-d periods and a 28-d washout between each. Horses were randomly assigned to dietary treatments consisting of a commercial concentrate offered as fed at either 0.6 (low starch [LS]) or 1.2% BW (high starch [HS]) daily that was divided into 2 meals at 12-h intervals. Prior to the start of each period, horses were allowed ad libitum access to coastal bermudagrass () hay. Concentrate was fed on d 1 with no adaptation. Cecal fluid was collected on d 1 at h 0 and at 3, 6, 9, and 12 h relative to the initial concentrate meal on d 1. Additional samples were collected 6 h after feeding on d 2, 3, and 7 of each period. Cecal contents were used to determine pH and VFA concentrations and extract microbial DNA. The V4 through V6 region of 16S rRNA gene was amplified using PCR and sequenced on the Roche 454 FLX platform. Sequence analysis was performed with QIIME, and data were analyzed using the MIXED procedure of SAS. Cecal pH tended to decrease ( = 0.09) in horses fed HS in the first 12 h after the first concentrate meal and remained lower ( ? 0.05) the following 7 d. Total VFA were greater ( ? 0.05) in horses fed HS in the initial 12 h and 7 d after addition of concentrate. Species richness determined using the Chao1 index was unchanged ( > 0.20) over the initial 12 h and decreased ( = 0.01) over 7 d for both treatments. Community diversity determined using the Shannon index tended to decrease ( = 0.06) over the 7 d. Relative abundances of Paraprevotellaceae were greater ( ? 0.05) in HS in the first 12 h. Over 7 d, relative abundances of Paraprevotellaceae, Veillonellaceae, and Succinivibrionaceae were greater ( ? 0.05) in HS compared with LS. Abrupt and short-term exposure to dietary starch does alter cecal fermentation and microbial community structure in horses, but the impact on horse health is unknown.

Dataset Information

Temporal Dynamics of the Intestinal Microbiome Following Short-Term Dietary Restriction.

Publications

Temporal Dynamics of the Intestinal Microbiome Following Short-Term Dietary Restriction.

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