Vitamin Supplementation in Pre-Pregnancy and Pregnancy among Women-Effects and Influencing Factors in Romania.
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ABSTRACT: Introduction
The aim of the study was to identify the consumption of vitamin and folic acid supplements before and during pregnancy in a group of post-partum women (Romanian, Hungarian, and Roma) from Mureș County, Romania, and the influence of socio-economic and behavioral factors on the consumption of vitamins.Materials and methods
This cross-sectional questionnaire-based study included 1278 post-partum women (during the three days of hospitalization for birth), average age 29.5, registered for giving birth in the three hospitals in Mureș County, 2015-2016.Results
In our sample, 69.58% of the interviewed women did not use any vitamin and folic acid supplements before pregnancy, while 30.70% did not use vitamin supplements during pregnancy. The lack of vitamin supplementation during pregnancy was associated with the low birth weight (<2500 g) of newborns (OR = 2.4, 95% CI [1.6-3.8]) and birth at under 36 weeks of gestation (OR = 0.5, 95% CI [0.2-0.8]).Conclusion
The use of vitamin supplements, including folic acid, continues to be deficient among Romanian women before getting pregnant, as well as during their pregnancy. We observed a lack of vitamin supplementation for pregnant women even if they were influenced by risk factors. This highlights the importance of promoting the benefits of vitamin supplementation equally among all subjects.
SUBMITTER: Avram C
PROVIDER: S-EPMC9318761 | biostudies-literature |
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Project description:BackgroundVitamin D deficiency or insufficiency is thought to be common among pregnant women. Vitamin D supplementation during pregnancy has been suggested as an intervention to protect against adverse gestational outcomes.ObjectivesTo examine whether supplements with vitamin D alone or in combination with calcium or other vitamins and minerals given to women during pregnancy can safely improve maternal and neonatal outcomes.Search methodsWe searched the Cochrane Pregnancy and Childbirth Group's Trials Register (31 October 2011), the International Clinical Trials Registry Platform (ICTRP) (31 October 2011), the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations (28 October 2011) and also contacted relevant organisations (8 April 2011).Selection criteriaRandomised and quasi-randomised trials with randomisation at either individual or cluster level, evaluating the effect of supplementation with vitamin D alone or in combination with other micronutrients for women during pregnancy.Data collection and analysisTwo review authors independently i) assessed the eligibility of studies against the inclusion criteria ii) extracted data from included studies, and iii) assessed the risk of bias of the included studies. Data were checked for accuracy.Main resultsThe search strategy identified 34 potentially eligible references. We included six trials assessing a total of 1023 women, excluded eight studies, and 10 studies are still ongoing. Five trials involving 623 women compared the effects of vitamin D alone versus no supplementation/placebo and one trial with 400 women compared the effects of vitamin D and calcium versus no supplementation.Only one trial with 400 women reported on pre-eclampsia: women who received 1200 IU vitamin D along with 375 mg of elemental calcium per day were as likely to develop pre-eclampsia as women who received no supplementation (average risk ratio (RR) 0.67; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.33 to 1.35). Data from four trials involving 414 women consistently show that women who received vitamin D supplements had higher concentrations of vitamin D in serum at term than those women who received no intervention or a placebo; however the magnitude of the response was highly heterogenous. Data from three trials involving 463 women suggest that women who receive vitamin D supplements during pregnancy less frequently had a baby with a birthweight below 2500 grams than those women receiving no treatment or placebo; statistical significance was borderline (RR 0.48; 95% CI 0.23 to 1.01).In terms of other conditions, there were no significant differences in adverse side effects including nephritic syndrome (RR 0.17; 95% CI 0.01 to 4.06; one trial, 135 women); stillbirths (RR 0.17; 95% CI 0.01 to 4.06; one trial, 135 women) or neonatal deaths (RR 0.17; 95% CI 0.01 to 4.06; one trial, 135 women) between women who received vitamin D supplements in comparison with women who received no treatment or placebo. No studies reported on preterm birth, maternal death, admission to neonatal intensive care unit/special nursery or Apgar scores.Authors' conclusionsVitamin D supplementation in a single or continued dose during pregnancy increases serum vitamin D concentrations as measured by 25-hydroxyvitamin D at term. The clinical significance of this finding and the potential use of this intervention as a part of routine antenatal care are yet to be determined as the number of high quality trials and outcomes reported is too limited to draw conclusions on its usefulness and safety. Further rigorous randomised trials are required to evaluate the role of vitamin D supplementation in pregnancy.
| S-EPMC3747784 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundFor the second aim of the Kellogg Foundation grant, this double-blind RCT investigated the impact of plasma vitamin D metabolite 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) on plasma immune-mediators during pregnancy. We hypothesized that higher 25(OH)D concentrations would associate with reduced pro-inflammatory and increased tolerogenic immune-mediator concentrations.MethodsPregnant women enrolled at 10-14 weeks gestation were randomized to 400 or 4400 IU vitamin D3/day. Data on health, safety, circulating 25(OH)D, and 9 immune-mediators were collected at each trimester. Associations between immune-mediators and 25(OH)D at baseline and at second and third trimesters were examined.ResultsBaseline TGF-β and second and third trimesters IFN-γ and IL-2 were associated with baseline 25(OH)D. Baseline immune-mediators were associated with immune-mediators at second and third trimesters for all immune-mediators except IL-5 and IL-10. Race was associated with baseline TGF-β, VEGF and IL-10 and with IL-10 at second and third trimesters.ConclusionsBoth treatment groups had increased 25(OH)D at second and third trimesters, greatest in the 4400 IU group. Though associations between baseline 25(OH)D and baseline TGF-β and second and third trimester IFN-γ and IL-2 were noted, vitamin D supplementation throughout pregnancy did not impact immune-mediators at later trimesters. Supplementing with vitamin D before conception conceivably influences immune-mediator responses during pregnancy.ImpactIn this vitamin D supplementation clinical trial, baseline (first trimester) but not increasing plasma 25(OH)D concentration impacted select plasma immune-mediator profiles in pregnant women. Baseline 25(OH)D was associated with baseline TGF-β and with IFN-γ and IL-2 at second and third trimesters. Baseline IFN-γ, CRP, TGF-β, TNF-α, VEGF, IL-2, and IL-4 were associated with concentrations at second and third trimesters for respective immune-mediators; however, 25(OH)D concentration at second and third trimesters were not. Some racial differences existed in immune-mediator concentrations at baseline and at second and third trimesters. This study assesses the impact of vitamin D supplementation on multiple immune-mediators in pregnant women of different racial/ethnic groups using longitudinal data from a relatively large randomized controlled trial. This study found that race was associated with baseline TGF-β, VEGF, and IL-10 and with IL-10 at second and third trimesters, a novel finding that sheds light where relationships were less well defined. The results of this study suggest that vitamin D supplementation before conception or early in pregnancy, rather than during pregnancy, may be necessary to significantly impact immune-mediator response. This study sets premise for future clinical trials to evaluate the effect of vitamin D supplementation before conception or prior to pregnancy.
| S-EPMC8715366 | biostudies-literature
Project description: Not available
| S-EPMC6776191 | biostudies-literature
Project description: Not available
| S-EPMC8406700 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Nutritional rickets is a growing global public health concern despite existing prevention programmes and health policies. We aimed to compare infant and childhood vitamin D supplementation policies, implementation strategies and practices across Europe and explore factors influencing adherence.European Society for Paediatric Endocrinology Bone and Growth Plate Working Group members and other specialists completed a questionnaire on country-specific vitamin D supplementation policy and child health care programmes, socioeconomic factors, policy implementation strategies and adherence. Factors influencing adherence were assessed using Kendall's tau-b correlation coefficient.Responses were received from 29 of 30 European countries (97%). Ninety-six per cent had national policies for infant vitamin D supplementation. Supplements are commenced on day 1-5 in 48% (14/29) of countries, day 6-21 in 48% (14/29); only the UK (1/29) starts supplements at 6 months. Duration of supplementation varied widely (6 months to lifelong in at-risk populations). Good (?80% of infants), moderate (50-79%) and low adherence (<50%) to supplements was reported by 59% (17/29), 31% (9/29) and 10% (3/29) of countries, respectively. UK reported lowest adherence (5-20%). Factors significantly associated with good adherence were universal supplementation independent of feeding mode (P?=?0.007), providing information at neonatal unit (NNU) discharge (P?=?0.02), financial family support (P?=?0.005); monitoring adherence at surveillance visits (P?=?0.001) and the total number of factors adopted (P?<?0.001).Good adherence to supplementation is a multi-task operation that works best when parents are informed at birth, all babies are supplemented, and adherence monitoring is incorporated into child health surveillance visits. Implementation strategies matter for delivering efficient prevention policies.
| S-EPMC5655685 | biostudies-other
Project description:BackgroundOptimizing women's health and knowledge of preconception healthcare before conceiving a pregnancy decreases the risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes. However, preconception health care is one of the missing pillars in the continuum of maternal and child health care in Ethiopia. Therefore, this study aimed to assess knowledge of pre-conception health, its relation to planned pregnancy, parity, family planning use, and education among married women in Southern Ethiopia.MethodsA community-based cross-sectional study was conducted with 337 married women recruited from March 25 to April 30, 2018 in Jinka town. A simple random sampling technique was employed and the data was collected using a structured questionnaire. Data analysis involved calculating frequencies, percentages, and logistic regression. Associations were assessed using odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals with statistical significance determined at a p-value < 0.05.ResultsThe overall women's preconception health care knowledge score in this study was 55.2%, which is a moderate score. In multivariable analyses, women's secondary level of education [AOR = 2.3; 95% CI = 1.13-4.87], family planning use [AOR = 2.6, 95% CI = 1.37-4.87], planned pregnancy [AOR = 3.2, 95% CI = 1.35-7.44], Nullyparity [AOR = 21.2; 95% CI = 4.92-91.5], and market trade vendors [AOR = 2.5; 95%CI = 1.06-6.03], were significantly associated with knowledge of preconception health care.ConclusionThe findings show that women's knowledge of preconception health care is moderate. Women's knowledge of preconception health care can be linked to their level of education, use of family planning methods, pregnancy planning, and Nullyparity. Therefore, the government and other key stakeholders need to develop a specific education package that improves women's knowledge of preconception care and pregnancy planning, taking into account factors such as levels of education and literacy when designing implementation strategies.
| S-EPMC9122198 | biostudies-literature
Project description:ContextSerum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) is lower in women with darker skin color. Is it due to lower skin production, lower absorption, or different metabolism of vitamin D?ObjectivesThe objective of the study was to measure the effect of vitamin D3 on serum 25OHD and serum PTH in older African American women with vitamin D insufficiency and the serum 25OHD 20 ng/mL or less (<50 nmol/L). The results can be used to estimate the Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA).Design and settingThis was a randomized, double-blind placebo trial at Creighton University Medical Center and Indiana University Medical Center.ParticipantsParticipants were 110 healthy older African American women.InterventionsThe intervention consisted of participants randomly assigned to placebo, vitamin D3 400, 800, 1600, 2400, 3200, 4000, or 4800 IU daily; calcium supplements were given to maintain total calcium intake of 1200-1400 mg/d.Main outcome measurementsChange in serum 25OHD and serum PTH levels at 12 months was measured.ResultsMean baseline serum 25OHD was 13 ng/mL (33 nmol/L). On 4800 IU, serum 25OHD averaged 50 ng/mL (125 nmol/L) compared with 47 ng/mL (117 nmol/L) in Caucasian women. Serum PTH at 12 months decreased significantly (P = .008) when related to serum 25OHD but not dose. Hypercalcemia occurred in 7% and hypercalciuria in 15%. Events were unrelated to vitamin D dose.ConclusionVitamin D3 800 IU increased serum 25OHD greater than 20 ng/mL (>50 nmol/L) in 97.5% of the African American women just as it did in the Caucasian women, and therefore, the RDA is the same for both groups. Because absorption and metabolism of oral vitamin D absorption is similar in both groups, lower levels of serum 25OHD in African Americans must be due to lower production of vitamin D in skin.
| S-EPMC3590472 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundVitamin D is important to maternal, fetal, and infant health, but quality data on vitamin D status in low- and middle-income countries and response to cholecalciferol supplementation in pregnancy are sparse.ObjectiveWe characterized vitamin D status and vitamin D metabolite change across pregnancy and in response to cholecalciferol supplementation in rural Gambia.MethodsThis study was a secondary analysis of samples collected in a 4-arm trial of maternal nutritional supplementation [iron folic acid (FeFol); multiple micronutrients (MMN); protein energy (PE) as lipid-based supplement; PE + MMN]; MMN included 10 ?g/d cholecalciferol. Plasma 25-hydroxycholecalciferol [25(OH)D3], 24,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol [24,25(OH)2D3], and C3-epimer-25-hydroxycholecalciferol [3-epi-25(OH)D3] were measured by LC-MS/MS in 863 women [aged 30 ± 7 y (mean ± SD)] in early pregnancy (presupplementation) and late pregnancy, (gestational age 14 ± 3 and 30 ± 1 wk). Changes in 25(OH)D3 and vitamin D metabolite concentrations and associations with pregnancy stage and maternal age and anthropometry were tested.ResultsEarly pregnancy 25(OH)D3 concentration was 70 ± 15 nmol/L and increased according to pregnancy stage (82 ± 18 and 87 ± 17 nmol/L in the FeFol and PE-arms) and to cholecalciferol supplementation (95 ± 19 and 90 ± 20 nmol/L in the MMN and PE + MMN-arms) (P < 0.0001). There was no difference between supplemented groups. Early pregnancy 25(OH)D3 was positively associated with maternal age and gestational age. Change in 25(OH)D3 was negatively associated with late pregnancy, but not early pregnancy, triceps skinfold thickness. The pattern of change of 24,25(OH)2D3 mirrored that of 25(OH)D3 and appeared to flatten as pregnancy progressed, whereas 3-epi-25(OH)D3 concentration increased across pregnancy.ConclusionThis study provides important data on the vitamin D status of a large cohort of healthy pregnant women in rural Africa. Without supplementation, vitamin D status increased during pregnancy, demonstrating that pregnancy stage should be considered when assessing vitamin D status. Nutritionally relevant cholecalciferol supplementation further increased vitamin D status. These data are relevant to the development of fortification and supplementation policies in pregnant women in West Africa.
| S-EPMC7056615 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Although vitamin C supplements were consumed for health maintenance and fatigue recovery, the effects of high doses of vitamin C supplement remains controversial. Our study performed the effects of 100 mg and 2,000 mg vitamin C supplements on plasma and urinary vitamin C concentration in Korean women. Twenty-four women completed the 4 weeks intervention. Anthropometric data, plasma and urinary vitamin C concentrations, superoxide dismutase activity, thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) level, and fatigue severity scale (FSS) were collected, and the statistical analyses compared between- and within-group findings at pre- and post-intervention. Concentrations of vitamin C in plasma and urinary excretion were significantly increased with 100 mg and 2,000 mg of vitamin C supplementation (p < 0.050). TBARS level was decreased significantly with 2,000 mg of vitamin C supplementation (p < 0.050). In addition, FSS was declined significantly in 100 mg of vitamin C supplementation group (p < 0.050). Our result showed that vitamin C supplementation of either 100 mg or 2,000 mg led to an increase in vitamin C concentrations in plasma and vitamin urinary excretion but not statistically significant among groups. TBARS level was decreased in 2,000 mg and FSS was decreased in 100 mg of vitamin C supplementation in Korean women. We suppose that additional clinical trial is needed to examine the effects of vitamin C supplements for a wide range of doses on plasma and urinary vitamin C concentrations in Korean.
| S-EPMC5539213 | biostudies-other
Project description:Introduction:Maternal vitamin D status in pregnancy has been linked to many health outcomes in mother and offspring. A wealth of observational studies have reported on both obstetric outcomes and complications, including pre-eclampsia, gestational diabetes, mode and timing of delivery. Many foetal and childhood outcomes are also linked to vitamin D status, including measures of foetal size, body composition and skeletal mineralization, in addition to later childhood outcomes, such as asthma. Sources of data:Synthesis of systematic and narrative reviews. Areas of agreement and controversy:The findings are generally inconsistent in most areas, and, at present, there is a lack of data from high-quality intervention studies to confirm a causal role for vitamin D in these outcomes. In most areas, the evidence tends towards maternal vitamin D being of overall benefit, but often does not reach statistical significance in meta-analyses. Growing points and areas timely for developing research:The most conclusive evidence is in the role of maternal vitamin D supplementation in the prevention of neonatal hypocalcaemia; as a consequence the UK department of health recommends that pregnant women take 400 IU vitamin D daily. High-quality randomized placebo-controlled trials, such as the UK-based MAVIDOS trial, will inform the potential efficacy and safety of vitamin D supplementation in pregnancy across a variety of outcomes.
| S-EPMC6003599 | biostudies-literature