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Effect of Oligogalacturonides on Seed Germination and Disease Resistance of Sugar Beet Seedling and Root

ABSTRACT: Oligogalacturonides (OGs) are a bioactive carbohydrate derived from homogalacturonan. The OGs synthesized in this study significantly inhibited the mycelial growth of Rhizoctonia solani AG-4HGI in vitro, even at a low concentration (10 mg/L). The seed vigor test demonstrated that the application of 50 mg/L OGs to sugar beet seeds significantly increased average germination percentage, germination energy, germination index, and seedling vigor index. The same concentration of OGs also improved the seedling emergence percentage of sugar beet when seeds were sown in soil inoculated with D2 and D31 isolates, respectively. The lesion diameter on mature sugar beet roots caused by R. solani AG-4HGI isolates D2 and D31 also decreased by 40.60% and 39.86%, respectively, in sugar beets roots first treated with 50 mg/mL OGs in the wound site, relative to lesion size in untreated/pathogen inoculated wounds. Sugar beet roots treated with 50 mg/mL OGs prior to inoculation with the D2 isolate exhibited up-regulation of the defense-related genes glutathione peroxidase (GPX) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) by 2.4- and 1.6-fold, respectively, relative to control roots. Sugar beet roots treated with 50 mg/mL OGs prior to inoculation with D31 exhibited a 2.0- and 1.6-fold up-regulation of GPX and SOD, respectively, relative to the control. Our results indicate that OGs have the potential to be used for the protection of sugar beet against R. solani AG-4HGI.

SUBMITTER: Zhao C

PROVIDER: S-EPMC9323887 | biostudies-literature |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Project description:Sugar beet productivity is highly constrained by the root-knot nematode (RKN) Meloidogyne incognita. Eight sugar beet genotypes were screened under greenhouse conditions for their susceptibility to M. incognita according to an adapted quantitative scheme for assignment Canto-Saenz's host suitability (resistance) designations (AQSCS). Besides, the degree of susceptibility or tolerance of the examined genotypes was recorded by the modified host-parasite index (MHPI) scale based on yield performance. In addition, single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) was also determined. Sugar beet genotypes have been classified into four categories for their susceptibility or tolerance according to the AQSCS scale. The first category, the moderately resistant (MR) group implies only one variety named SVH 2015, which did not support nematode reproduction (RF≤1), and had less root damage (GI≈2). Second, the tolerant group (T) involving Lilly and Halawa KWS supported fairly high nematode reproduction (RF>1) with relatively plant damage (GI≤2). Whereas the susceptible (S) category involved four varieties, FARIDA, Lammia KWS, Polat, and Capella, which supported nematode reproduction factor (RF>1) with high plant damage (GI>2). The fourth category refers to the highly susceptible (HYS) varieties such as Natura KWS that showed (RF≤1) and very high plant damage (GI>2). However, the MHPI scale showed that Lammia KWS variety was shifted from the (S) category to the (T) category. Results revealed significant differences among genotypes regarding disease severity, yield production, and quality traits. The SVH 2015 variety exhibited the lowest disease index values concerning population density with 800/250 cm3 soils, RF=2, root damage/gall index (GI=1.8), gall size (GS=2.3), gall area (GA=3.7), damage index (DI=3.4), susceptibility rate (SR=2.4), and MHP index (MHPI=2.5). However, Lammia KWS showed the highest disease index values regarding population density with 8890/250 cm3 soils, RF= 22.2, GI= 4.8, and SR= 14.1. Meanwhile, Natura KWS the highest GS, GA and MHPI with 7.1, 8 and 20.9, respectively. The lowest DI was achieved by Capella (DI= 6) followed by Lammia KWS (DI= 5.9). For yield production, and quality traits, SVH 2015 exhibited the lowest reductions of sugar yields/beet's root with 11.1%. While Natura KWS had the highest reduction with 79.3%, as well as it showed the highest reduction in quality traits; including sucrose, T.S.S, and purity with 65, 27.3, and 51.9%, respectively. The amino acid alignment and prediction of the DNA sequences revealed the presence of five SNPs among all sugar beet verities.

Project description:Understanding the genetic basis of polygenic traits is a major challenge in agricultural species, especially in non-model systems. Select and sequence (SnS) experiments carried out within existing breeding programs provide a means to simultaneously identify the genomic background of a trait while improving the mean phenotype for a population. Using pooled whole genome sequencing (WGS) of selected and unselected bulks derived from a synthetic outcrossing sugar beet population EL57 (PI 663212), which segregates for seedling rhizoctonia resistance, we identified a putative genomic background involved in conditioning a resistance phenotype. Population genomic parameters were estimated to measure fixation (He), genome divergence (F ST ), and allele frequency changes between bulks (DeltaAF). We report on the genome wide patterns of variation resulting from selection and highlight specific genomic features associated with resistance. Expected heterozygosity (He) showed an increased level of fixation in the resistant bulk, indicating a greater selection pressure was applied. In total, 1,311 biallelic loci were detected as significant FST outliers (p < 0.01) in comparisons between the resistant and susceptible bulks. These loci were detected in 206 regions along the chromosomes and contained 275 genes. We estimated changes in allele frequency between bulks resulting from selection for resistance by leveraging the allele frequencies of an unselected bulk. DeltaAF was a more stringent test of selection and recovered 186 significant loci, representing 32 genes, all of which were also detected using FST. Estimates of population genetic parameters and statistical significance were visualized with respect to the EL10.2 physical map and produced a candidate gene list that was enriched for function in cell wall metabolism and plant disease resistance, including pathogen perception, signal transduction, and pathogen response. Specific variation associated with these genes was also reported and represents genetic markers for validation and prediction of resistance to Rhizoctonia. Select and sequence experiments offer a means to characterize the genetic base of sugar beet, inform selection within breeding programs, and prioritize candidate variation for functional studies.

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Effect of Oligogalacturonides on Seed Germination and Disease Resistance of Sugar Beet Seedling and Root

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