A Possible Link between Gut Microbiome Composition and Cardiovascular Comorbidities in Psoriatic Patients
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Valentini V
PROVIDER: S-EPMC9324618 | biostudies-literature |
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Project description:Excessive lipid accumulation and high oxidative stress have become a serious health and economic problem in the pig industry. Fatness characteristics are crucial in pig production since they are closely related to meat quality. The gut microbiome is well acknowledged as a key element in fat deposition. But the link between gut microbiota and fat accumulation in pigs remains elusive. To examine whether there is a link between pigs' gut microbiome, lipogenic properties, and oxidative stress, we selected 5 high-fat pigs and 5 low-fat pigs from 60 250-day-old Jinhua pigs in the present study and collected the colon content, serum sample, and liver and abdominal fat segments from each pig for metagenomic analysis, the oxidative stress assay, and RT-qPCR analysis, respectively. The backfat thickness and fat content of the longissimus dorsi muscle were considerably higher in the high-fat pigs than in the low-fat pigs (P < 0.05). An obvious difference in GSH-Px and MDA in the serum between the high- and low-fat pigs was observed. After RT-qPCR analysis, we found the gene expression of ACC1 and SREBP1 in the liver and FAS, PPARγ, and LPL in the abdominal fat were significantly higher in high-fat pigs than in low-fat pigs (P < 0.05). Additionally, metagenomic sequencing revealed that high-fat pigs had a higher abundance of Archaeal species with methanogenesis functions, leading to more-efficient fat deposition, while low-fat pigs had higher abundances of butyrate-producing bacteria species that improved the formation of SCFAs, especially butyrate, thus alleviating fat deposition in pigs. Furthermore, a total of 17 CAZyme families were identified to give significant enrichments in different fat phenotypes of pigs. This study would provide a detailed understanding of how the gut microbiome influences fat deposition in pigs, as well as a hint for improving growth performance and fatness traits by manipulating the gut microbiome.
| S-EPMC8800603 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Dystonia is a movement disorder in which patients have involuntary abnormal movements or postures. Non-motor symptoms, such as psychiatric symptoms, sleep problems and fatigue, are common. We hypothesise that the gut microbiome might play a role in the pathophysiology of the (non-)motor symptoms in dystonia via the gut-brain axis. This exploratory study investigates the composition of the gut microbiome in dystonia patients compared to healthy controls. Furthermore, the abundance of neuro-active metabolic pathways, which might be implicated in the (non-)motor symptoms, was investigated. We performed both metagenomic and 16S rRNA sequencing on the stool samples of three subtypes of dystonia (27 cervical dystonia, 20 dopa-responsive dystonia and 24 myoclonus-dystonia patients) and 25 controls. While microbiome alpha and beta diversity was not different between dystonia patients and controls, dystonia patients had higher abundances of Ruminococcus torques and Dorea formicigenerans, and a lower abundance of Butyrivibrio crossotus compared to controls. For those with dystonia, non-motor symptoms and the levels of neurotransmitters in plasma explained the variance in the gut microbiome composition. Several neuro-active metabolic pathways, especially tryptophan degradation, were less abundant in the dystonia patients compared to controls. This suggest that the gut-brain axis might be involved in the pathophysiology of dystonia. Further studies are necessary to confirm our preliminary findings.
| S-EPMC9916458 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundDespite low genetic variation of broilers and deployment of considerate management practices, there still exists considerable body weight (BW) heterogeneity within broiler flocks which adversely affects the commercial value. The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of the cecal microbiome in weight differences between animals. Understanding how the gut microbiome may contribute to flock heterogeneity helps to pave the road for identifying methods to improve flock uniformity and performance.ResultsTwo hundred eighteen male broiler chicks were housed in the same pen, reared for 37 days, and at study end the 25 birds with highest BW (Big) and the 25 birds with lowest BW (Small) were selected for microbiome analysis. Cecal contents were analyzed by a hybrid metagenomic sequencing approach combining long and short read sequencing. We found that Big birds displayed higher microbial alpha diversity, higher microbiome uniformity (i.e. lower beta diversity within the group of Big birds), higher levels of SCFA-producing and health-associated bacterial taxa such as Lachnospiraceae, Faecalibacterium, Butyricicoccus and Christensenellales, and lower levels of Akkermansia muciniphila and Escherichia coli as compared to Small birds.ConclusionCecal microbiome characteristics could be linked to the size of broiler chickens. Differences in alpha diversity, beta diversity and taxa abundances all seem to be directly associated with growth differences observed in an otherwise similar broiler flock.
| S-EPMC8325257 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Cold-water corals provide critical habitats for a multitude of marine species, but are understudied relative to tropical corals. Primnoa pacifica is a cold-water coral prevalent throughout Alaskan waters, while another species in the genus, Primnoa resedaeformis, is widely distributed in the Atlantic Ocean. This study examined the V4-V5 region of the 16S rRNA gene after amplifying and pyrosequencing bacterial DNA from samples of these species. Key differences between the two species' microbiomes included a robust presence of bacteria belonging to the Chlamydiales order in most of the P. pacifica samples, whereas no more than 2% of any microbial community from P. resedaeformis comprised these bacteria. Microbiomes of P. resedaeformis exhibited higher diversity than those of P. pacifica, and the two species largely clustered separately in a principal coordinate analysis. Comparison of P. resedaeformis microbiomes from samples collected in two submarine canyons revealed a significant difference between locations. This finding mirrored significant genetic differences among the P. resedaeformis from the two canyons based upon population genetic analysis of microsatellite loci. This study presents the first report of microbiomes associated with these two coral species.
| S-EPMC6098105 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Obesity affects 13% of the adult population worldwide and this number is only expected to increase. Obesity is known to have a negative impact on cardiovascular and metabolic health, but it also impacts brain structure and function; it is associated with both gray and white matter integrity loss, as well as decreased cognitive function, including the domains of executive function, memory, inhibition, and language. Especially midlife obesity is associated with both cognitive impairment and an increased risk of developing dementia at later age. However, underlying mechanisms are not yet fully revealed. Here, we review recent literature (published between 2010 and March 2021) and discuss the effects of obesity on brain structure and cognition, with a main focus on the contributions of the gut microbiome, white adipose tissue (WAT), inflammation, and cerebrovascular function. Obesity-associated changes in gut microbiota composition may cause increased gut permeability and inflammation, therewith affecting cognitive function. Moreover, excess of WAT in obesity produces pro-inflammatory adipokines, leading to a low grade systemic peripheral inflammation, which is associated with decreased cognition. The blood-brain barrier also shows increased permeability, allowing among others, peripheral pro-inflammatory markers to access the brain, leading to neuroinflammation, especially in the hypothalamus, hippocampus and amygdala. Altogether, the interaction between the gut microbiota, WAT inflammation, and cerebrovascular integrity plays a significant role in the link between obesity and cognition. Future research should focus more on the interplay between gut microbiota, WAT, inflammation and cerebrovascular function to obtain a better understanding about the complex link between obesity and cognitive function in order to develop preventatives and personalized treatments.
| S-EPMC8685335 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Recent studies have provided new insights into the role of the microbiome in shaping host behavior. However, the relationship between the temporal division of labor among honey bees (Apis mellifera) and their gut microbial community has not been widely studied. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the link between the gut microbiome and division of labor in honey bees by examining the microbial absolute abundance and relative composition of 7-day-old nurse bees and 28-day-old forager bees from a natural hive, as well as those of worker bees of the same 14-day-old age showing different behaviors in a manipulated hive. We found that forager bees had fewer core bacteria, particularly gram-positive fermentative genera such as Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium, with Bifidobacterium asteroides being the most sensitive to host behavioral tasks. Our results showed that forager bees have lower gut community stability compared to nurse bees, suggesting that their gut community is more susceptible to invasion by non-core members. Furthermore, a pollen limitation experiment using caged honey bees indicated that dietary changes during behavioral shifts may be a driving factor in honey bee microbial diversity. This study contributes to a greater understanding of the interaction between the gut microbiome and behavioral tasks and provides a foundation for future assays.
| S-EPMC11348130 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundObesity is a common health problem among patients with schizophrenia, but the precise mechanisms are not fully understood. There has been much interest in the relationship between gut microbiome and development of obesity. Gender-dependent microbial alteration has been reported in previous studies. However, the gender factor in gut microbiome composition of schizophrenia patients has been less investigated. Our study aimed to identify differences in gut microbiota between schizophrenia patients with normal weight and central obesity and investigate the gender specific features.MethodTwenty participants (10 males, 10 females) with central obesity (CO) and 20 participants (10 males, 10 females) with normal weight (NW) were recruited from two rehabilitation wards in a psychiatric hospital in central Taiwan. Fecal samples from 40 participants were processed for microbiota analysis. The intestinal microbiota composition was analyzed using next-generation sequencing and QIIME software.ResultsSignificantly higher richness of gut microbiota at the class level (measured by the number of observed OTUs) was observed in female NW subjects than in female CO subjects (P = 0.033). Furthermore, female NW subjects showed higher alpha diversity at both phylum and class levels (measured by the Shannon, Simpson, and Inverse-Simpson indexes) compared with female CO subjects. Males showed no significant difference in alpha diversity between groups. Taxonomic analysis showed that female CO subjects had significantly lower abundance of Verrucomicrobia (P = 0.004) at the phylum level, reduced abundance of Akkermansia (P = 0.003) and elevated level of Prevotella (P = 0.038) and Roseburia (P = 0.005) at the genus level.ConclusionsThe present results evidenced altered microbiome composition in schizophrenia patients with central obesity and further suggested the role of the gender factor in the process of gut dysbiosis.
| S-EPMC8965277 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), a protein-bound uremic toxin resulting from gut microbiota-driven tryptophan metabolism, increases in hemodialysis (HD) patients. IAA may induce endothelial dysfunction, inflammation, and oxidative stress, elevating cardiovascular and cognitive risk in HD patients. However, research on the microbiome-IAA association is limited. This study aimed to explore the gut microbiome's relationship with plasma IAA levels in 72 chronic HD patients aged over 18 (August 2016-January 2017). IAA levels were measured using tandem mass spectrometry, and gut microbiome analysis utilized 16s rRNA next-generation sequencing. Linear discriminative analysis effect size and random forest analysis distinguished microbial species linked to IAA levels. Patients with higher IAA levels had reduced microbial diversity. Six microbial species significantly associated with IAA levels were identified; Bacteroides clarus, Bacteroides coprocola, Bacteroides massiliensi, and Alisteps shahii were enriched in low-IAA individuals, while Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron and Fusobacterium varium were enriched in high-IAA individuals. This study sheds light on specific gut microbiota species influencing IAA levels, enhancing our understanding of the intricate interactions between the gut microbiota and IAA metabolism.
| S-EPMC10813781 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Background - Prepregnancy overweight and obesity promote deleterious health impacts on both mothers during pregnancy and the offspring. Significant changes in the maternal peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) gene expression due to obesity are well-known. However, during pregnancy the impact of overweight on immune cell gene expression and its association with maternal and infant outcomes is not well explored. Methods – Blood samples were collected from healthy normal weight (NW, BMI 18.5-24.9) or overweight (OW, BMI 25-29.9) 2nd parity pregnant women at 12, 24 and 36 weeks of pregnancy. PBMCs were isolated from the blood and subjected to mRNA sequencing. Maternal and infant microbiota were analyzed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Integrative multi-omics data analysis was performed to evaluate the association of gene expression with maternal diet, gut microbiota, milk composition, and infant gut microbiota. Results - Gene expression analysis revealed that 453 genes were differentially expressed in the OW women compared to NW women at 12 weeks of pregnancy, out of which 354 were upregulated and 99 were downregulated. Several up-regulated genes in the OW group were enriched in inflammatory, chemokine-mediated signaling and regulation of interleukin-8 production-related pathways. At 36 weeks of pregnancy healthy eating index score was positively associated with several genes that include, DTD1, ELOC, GALNT8, ITGA6-AS1, KRT17P2, NPW, POT1-AS1 and RPL26. In addition, at 36 weeks of pregnancy, genes involved in adipocyte functions, such as NG2 and SMTNL1, were negatively correlated to human milk 2’FL and total fucosylated oligosaccharides content collected at 1 month postnatally. Furthermore, infant Akkermansia was positively associated with maternal PBMC anti-inflammatory genes that include CPS1 and RAB7B, at 12 and 36 weeks of pregnancy. Conclusions – These findings suggest that prepregnancy overweight impacts the immune cell gene expression profile, particularly at 12 weeks of pregnancy. Further, deciphering the complex association of PBMC’s gene expression levels with maternal gut microbiome and milk composition and infant gut microbiome may aid in developing strategies to mitigate obesity-mediated effects.
2024-08-27 | GSE273780 | GEO
Project description:BACKGROUND:Patients on hemodialysis must undergo this procedure at a hospital three times weekly and might be unable to visit a dentist. In addition, dentists might hesitate to provide oral care because such patients tend to bleed because they are medicated with anticoagulants, are susceptible to bacterial infections, and might have unusual drug reactions. We postulated that patients on hemodialysis have worse oral status than healthy people, which in turn might predispose such patients to systemic complications. METHODS:We compared the status of dental caries and periodontal diseases among 80 patients on hemodialysis and 76 healthy individuals (controls) using the decayed, missing, or filled teeth (DMFT) index, total number of C4 teeth (destruction of the entire tooth crown), and periodontal pocket depth. Clinical data were analyzed after all patients on hemodialysis and controls provided written, informed consent to participate in the study. RESULTS:Total number of C4 teeth (p = 0.021), missing teeth (MT) index (p = 0.0302), and DMFT index score ≥ 24 (p = 0.017) were significantly higher in patients on hemodialysis than controls. Pulse pressure (p = 0.0042) and the prevalence of a history of heart disease such as angina pectoris and acute myocardial infarction (p = 0.029) were higher in patients on hemodialysis with higher (≥ 24) than lower (< 24) DMFT index scores. Periodontal pocket depth was not significantly different between these two groups. CONCLUSION:Worse status of dental caries is possibly associated with arteriosclerosis among patients on hemodialysis.
| S-EPMC6910673 | biostudies-literature