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TCR-Vγδ usage distinguishes protumor from antitumor intestinal γδ T cell subsets.

ABSTRACT: γδ T cells represent a substantial fraction of intestinal lymphocytes at homeostasis, but they also constitute a major lymphocyte population infiltrating colorectal cancers (CRCs); however, their temporal contribution to CRC development or progression remains unclear. Using human CRC samples and murine CRC models, we found that most γδ T cells in premalignant or nontumor colons exhibit cytotoxic markers, whereas tumor-infiltrating γδ T cells express a protumorigenic profile. These contrasting T cell profiles were associated with distinct T cell receptor (TCR)-Vγδ gene usage in both humans and mice. Longitudinal intersectional genetics and antibody-dependent strategies targeting murine γδ T cells enriched in the epithelium at steady state led to heightened tumor development, whereas targeting γδ subsets that accumulate during CRC resulted in reduced tumor growth. Our results uncover temporal pro- and antitumor roles for γδ T cell subsets.

SUBMITTER: Reis BS

PROVIDER: S-EPMC9326786 | biostudies-literature |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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TCR-Vγδ usage distinguishes pro- and anti-tumor intestinal γδ T cell subsets

Project description:γδ T cells represent a substantial fraction of intestinal lymphocytes at homeostasis, but also constitute a major lymphocyte population infiltrating colorectal cancers (CRC), albeit their role in CRC remains unclear. Using human CRC samples and murine CRC models, we found that most γδ T cells in pre- or non-tumor colon exhibit cytotoxic markers while tumor-infiltrating γδ T cells express a pro-tumorigenic profile. These contrasting T cell profiles were associated with distinct TCR-Vγδ gene-usage in both mice and humans. Complementary intersectional genetics and antibody-dependent strategies targeting murine γδ T cells enriched in the epithelium at steady state led to heightened tumor development, while targeting γδ subsets that accumulate during CRC resulted in reduced tumor growth. Our results uncover pro- and anti-tumor roles for γδ T cell subsets.

2022-06-14 | GSE205720 | GEO

TCR-Vγδ usage distinguishes pro- and anti-tumor intestinal γδ T cell subsets

Project description:TCR-Vγδ usage distinguishes pro- and anti-tumor intestinal γδ T cell subsets

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TCR signal strength controls thymic differentiation of discrete proinflammatory γδ T cell subsets.

Project description:The mouse thymus produces discrete γδ T cell subsets that make either interferon-γ (IFN-γ) or interleukin 17 (IL-17), but the role of the T cell antigen receptor (TCR) in this developmental process remains controversial. Here we show that Cd3g(+/-) Cd3d(+/-) (CD3 double-haploinsufficient (CD3DH)) mice have reduced TCR expression and signaling strength on γδ T cells. CD3DH mice had normal numbers and phenotypes of αβ thymocyte subsets, but impaired differentiation of fetal Vγ6(+) (but not Vγ4(+)) IL-17-producing γδ T cells and a marked depletion of IFN-γ-producing CD122(+) NK1.1(+) γδ T cells throughout ontogeny. Adult CD3DH mice showed reduced peripheral IFN-γ(+) γδ T cells and were resistant to experimental cerebral malaria. Thus, TCR signal strength within specific thymic developmental windows is a major determinant of the generation of proinflammatory γδ T cell subsets and their impact on pathophysiology.

| S-EPMC4875770 | biostudies-literature

CD161 expression defines new human γδ T cell subsets.

Project description:γδ T cells are a highly versatile immune lineage involved in host defense and homeostasis, but questions remain around their heterogeneity, precise function and role during health and disease. We used multi-parametric flow cytometry, dimensionality reduction, unsupervised clustering, and self-organizing maps (SOM) to identify novel γδ T cell naïve/memory subsets chiefly defined by CD161 expression levels, a surface membrane receptor that can be activating or suppressive. We used middle-to-old age individuals given immune blockade is commonly used in this population. Whilst most Vδ1+subset cells exhibited a terminal differentiation phenotype, Vδ1- subset cells showed an early memory phenotype. Dimensionality reduction revealed eight γδ T cell clusters chiefly diverging through CD161 expression with CD4 and CD8 expression limited to specific subpopulations. Comparison of matched healthy elderly individuals to bronchiectasis patients revealed elevated Vδ1+ terminally differentiated effector memory cells in patients potentially linking this population with chronic proinflammatory disease.

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Human γδ T Cell Subsets and Their Clinical Applications for Cancer Immunotherapy.

Project description:Gamma delta (γδ) T cells are a minor population of T cells that share adaptive and innate immune properties. In contrast to MHC-restricted alpha beta (αβ) T cells, γδ T cells are activated in an MHC-independent manner, making them ideal candidates for developing allogeneic, off-the-shelf cell-based immunotherapies. As the field of cancer immunotherapy progresses rapidly, different subsets of γδ T cells have been explored. In addition, γδ T cells can be engineered using different gene editing technologies that augment their tumor recognition abilities and antitumor functions. In this review, we outline the unique features of different subsets of human γδ T cells and their antitumor properties. We also summarize the past and the ongoing pre-clinical studies and clinical trials utilizing γδ T cell-based cancer immunotherapy.

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TCR signal strength controls thymic differentiation of iNKT cell subsets.

Project description:During development in the thymus, invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells commit to one of three major functionally different subsets, iNKT1, iNKT2, and iNKT17. Here, we show that T cell antigen receptor (TCR) signal strength governs the development of iNKT cell subsets, with strong signaling promoting iNKT2 and iNKT17 development. Altering TCR diversity or signaling diminishes iNKT2 and iNKT17 cell subset development in a cell-intrinsic manner. Decreased TCR signaling affects the persistence of Egr2 expression and the upregulation of PLZF. By genome-wide comparison of chromatin accessibility, we identify a subset of iNKT2-specific regulatory elements containing NFAT and Egr binding motifs that is less accessible in iNKT2 cells that develop from reduced TCR signaling. These data suggest that variable TCR signaling modulates regulatory element activity at NFAT and Egr binding sites exerting a determinative influence on the dynamics of gene enhancer accessibility and the developmental fate of iNKT cells.

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Transcriptome comparison between TCR γδ T subsets reveals their exclusive and shared markers

Project description:Intestinal intraepithelial gamma-delta T cells (iIEL gd T cells) constitute a peculiar subset of T lymphocytes located in the gut epithelial barrier involved in intestinal homeostasis. To date, type 1 and type 17 TCR gamma-delta T cells have been well characterized into two functional categories based on phenotypic and functional markers e.g. CD44 and CD27. However, It remains to be determined how to classify iIEL gamma T cells based on commonly used markers. We addressed this question by comparing the transcriptomes of mouse iIEL gamma-delta T cells with distinct functionally well-described gamma-delta T cells present in the periphery.

2022-06-29 | GSE198703 | GEO

Bone morphogenetic protein signalling activity distinguishes histological subsets of paediatric germ cell tumours.

Project description:Germ cell tumours (GCTs) are cancers of the testis, ovary or extragonadal sites that occur in infants, children and adults. Testicular GCT is the most common cancer in young men aged 15-40 years. Abnormalities in developmental signalling pathways such as wnt/?-catenin, TGF-?/BMP and Hedgehog have been described in many childhood tumours. To date, however, the status of BMP signalling in GCTs has not been described. Herein, we examine BMP-SMAD signalling in a set of clinically-annotated paediatric GCTs. We find that BMP signalling activity is absent in undifferentiated tumours such as seminomas and dysgerminomas, but robustly present in most yolk sac tumours, a differentiated tumour type. Gene expression profiling of TGF-?/BMP pathway genes in germinomas and yolk sac tumours reveals a set of genes that distinguish the two tumour types. There is significant intertumoural heterogeneity between tumours of the same histological subclass, implying that the BMP pathway can be differentially regulated in individual tumours. Finally, through miRNA expression profiling, we identify differential regulation of a set of miRNAs predicted to target the TGF-?/BMP pathway at multiple sites. Taken together, these results suggest that the BMP signalling pathway may represent a new therapeutical target for childhood GCTs.

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Anti-γδ TCR antibody-expanded γδ T cells: a better choice for the adoptive immunotherapy of lymphoid malignancies.

Project description:Cell-based immunotherapy for lymphoid malignancies has gained increasing attention as patients develop resistance to conventional treatments. γδ T cells, which have major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-unrestricted lytic activity, have become a promising candidate population for adoptive cell transfer therapy. We previously established a stable condition for expanding γδ T cells by using anti-γδ T-cell receptor (TCR) antibody. In this study, we found that adoptive transfer of the expanded γδ T cells to Daudi lymphoma-bearing nude mice significantly prolonged the survival time of the mice and improved their living status. We further investigated the characteristics of these antibody-expanded γδ T cells compared to the more commonly used phosphoantigen-expanded γδ T cells and evaluated the feasibility of employing them in the treatment of lymphoid malignancies. Slow but sustained proliferation of human peripheral blood γδ T cells was observed upon stimulation with anti-γδ TCR antibody. Compared to phosphoantigen-stimulated γδ T cells, the antibody-expanded cells manifested similar functional phenotypes and cytotoxic activity towards lymphoma cell lines. It is noteworthy that the anti-γδ TCR antibody could expand both the Vδ1 and Vδ2 subsets of γδ T cells. The in vitro-expanded Vδ1 T cells displayed comparable tumour cell-killing activity to Vδ2 T cells. Importantly, owing to higher C-C chemokine receptor 4 (CCR4) and CCR8 expression, the Vδ1 T cells were more prone to infiltrate CCL17- or CCL22-expressing lymphomas than the Vδ2 T cells. Characterizing the peripheral blood γδ T cells from lymphoma patients further confirmed that the anti-γδ TCR antibody-expanded γδ T cells could be a more efficacious choice for the treatment of lymphoid malignancies than phosphoantigen-expanded γδ T cells.

| S-EPMC4002925 | biostudies-other

Mucosal-associated invariant and γδ T cell subsets respond to initial Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection.

Project description:Innate immune responses that control early Mtb infection are poorly understood, but understanding these responses may inform vaccination and immunotherapy strategies. Innate T cells that respond to conserved bacterial ligands such as mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) and γδ T cells are prime candidates to mediate these early innate responses but have not been examined in subjects who have been recently exposed to Mtb. We recruited a cohort living in the same household with an active tuberculosis (TB) case and examined the abundance and functional phenotypes of 3 innate T cell populations reactive to M. tuberculosis: γδ T, invariant NK T (iNKT), and MAIT cells. Both MAIT and γδ T cells from subjects with Mtb exposure display ex vivo phenotypes consistent with recent activation. However, both MAIT and γδ T cell subsets have distinct response profiles, with CD4+ MAIT and γδ T cells accumulating after infection. Examination of exposed but uninfected contacts demonstrates that resistance to initial infection is accompanied by robust MAIT cell CD25 expression and granzyme B production coupled with a depressed CD69 and IFNγ response. Finally, we demonstrate that MAIT cell abundance and function correlate with the abundance of specific gut microbes, suggesting that responses to initial infection may be modulated by the intestinal microbiome.

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