Sex differences in social support perceived by polymedicated older adults with multimorbidity. MULTIPAP study.
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SUBMITTER: Lozano-Hernandez CM
PROVIDER: S-EPMC9328549 | biostudies-literature |
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Project description:Social support has an important impact on the well-being of the elderly. Some studies have shown that perceived social support is more important than received social support. Perceived social support has different definitions across different age groups and cultures. So, this sequential exploratory mixed-method study was designed to develop and validate a perceived social support scale for community-dwelling elderly. In the qualitative phase, the perspectives of the elderly on perceived social support were defined through directed content analysis. Then, an extensive item pool was designed based on the elderly's perception and review of the literature. In the quantitative phase, the validity (content, face, and construct) and reliability (internal consistency, stability) of the newly developed scale was assessed using the sampling of five hundred elderly. The final scale consists of 34 items with domains of "emotional support", "practical support", "spiritual support", "negative interactions" and "satisfaction with support received" that explained 58% of the total variance of the scale. The internal consistency varied from Cronbach's ? = 0.70 to 0.87 for the subscales and as 0.92 for the whole scale. The study showed that the scale as a valid and reliable instrument can be used for the proper measurement of perceived social support among the elderly.
| S-EPMC7109536 | biostudies-literature
Project description:IntroductionAs relatively little is known about self-efficacy and social support in individuals aged 65 years and older and whether they are facing a decline in life due to multimorbidity and previous COVID-19 infection, this study investigated hypotheses based on Social Cognitive Theory.MethodsIt was tested whether depressive symptoms in multimorbid patients who were hospitalized for COVID-19 infection, and recover post infection during their hospital stay, do not differ from those of multimorbid patients hospitalized for other conditions. Furthermore, we tested whether depressive symptoms are associated with increased loneliness scores, low self-efficacy beliefs, and poorly perceived social support. Additionally, it was investigated whether self-efficacy is a mediator variable, and social support is a moderator variable between loneliness and depression. N = 135 patients with or without previous COVID-19 infection (mean age 64.76) were recruited. Paper questionnaires were collected at the time of inpatient hospital admission in the year 2021 and in a cross-sectional study design. The study compared n = 45 multimorbid patients who survived COVID-19 infection with those n = 90 who were not infected before.ResultsNo significant difference in depressive symptomology between these two groups revealed [t(133) = 130, p = 0.90, d = 0.024); F(3, 122) = 0.255, p = 0.86]. The study found a positive correlation between loneliness and anxiety and depression in both groups (rdepression = 0.419 and ranxiety = 0.496). Self-efficacy mediated the relation between loneliness and depression. The completely standardized indirect effect was β = 0.111, percentile Bootstrap 95% CI 0.027-0.201.DiscussionThe research findings suggest the importance of self-efficacy, and loneliness in the development of depressive symptoms, and have several practical implications for improving the mental health of multimorbid patients: Prospectively, treatment should not only focus on physical and cognitive health, but also on promoting self-efficacy and perceived social support, as well as address loneliness with psychoeducational interventions. Replication of the findings and conducting interventional research also employing lifestyle components should follow up, as this study tested associations but no causal relationships.
| S-EPMC10642299 | biostudies-literature
Project description:This study aimed to identify the heterogeneous trajectory classes of social engagement among older adults in China and examine sex differences to determine how sociodemographic characteristics and health status impact these trajectory classes. A sample of 8117 participants aged ?65 years from the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey was included. Growth mixture modeling was conducted to estimate the trajectory classes of social engagement. Logistic regression was adopted to analyze the associations between individual characteristics and trajectory classes. Three trajectory classes of social engagement were identified: the high-decline (35.3%), medium-decline (57.6%), and low-increase (7.1%). Men were less likely to be in the medium-decline and low-increase classes than women. Older men benefited from economic factors more than women. Education exhibited a stronger protective effect on the high-decline class for older women. High physical functioning might enable older adults with the lowest initial level of social engagement to make efforts to engage in social activities, which was stronger for older men than women. For both men and women, a proper cognitive state and positive emotions were in favor of social engagement. These findings are valuable for achieving sex equity in social engagement development for healthy and active aging.
| S-EPMC7696123 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Objectives:This study seeks to determine the prevalence of chronic diseases and analyze the association between multimorbidity and all-cause mortality by sex. Methods:This is a 16-year longitudinal study of follow-up. We used sample data of the SABE (Health, Well-Being and Aging) study cohort and mortality data obtained through the Mortality Information Improvement Program of the City of São Paulo (PRO-AIM) from the 2000-2016 period. Survival analysis was performed using Cox proportional hazard models. Results:Hypertension (HT) was the most prevalent disease in older adults (52.93%), followed by musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) (27.09%), cardiovascular diseases (CD) (17.79%), diabetes mellitus (DM) (16.95%), mental disorders (MD) (15.43%), and respiratory diseases (RD) (9.72%). The highest mortality rate in women was observed in the combination of HT/MSDs/DM/MD (HR?=?6.15, 95% CI?=?2.32, 16.32), while in men was in the combination of HT/CD/MSDs/DM (HR?=?5.72, 95% CI?=?1.72, 19.06). Conclusion:Similar to previous studies carried out in developed countries, we found that all-cause mortality increased as diseases are added to an individual. Women and men presented different mortality patterns according to multimorbidity. Therefore, we suggest that additional longitudinal studies should be performed in order to analyze mortality by sex.
| S-EPMC7049854 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BACKGROUND:Elderly caregivers present increased physical and mental health problems. These factors can lead to a lack of autonomy and a need for social support. This study aims to analyse the relationships between perceived social support and mental health status in elderly caregivers aged 65 and older. METHODS:a cross-sectional study based on data from the Spanish National Health Survey (ENSE-17) carried out on 7023 people. The study population was restricted to 431 caregivers aged ?65 years. A study of the correlation between the mental health state and the perceived social support was carried out. Both variables were related to the sex of the caregiver. RESULTS:Perceived social support by older caregivers is significantly related to mental health (p = 0.001), and stress (p < 0.001). Also, there is a significant relationship between perceived social support and mental well-being (p = 0.001), self-esteem (p = 0.005) and stress (p = 0.001) in older women caregivers. CONCLUSIONS:Older caregivers have adequate mental well-being and perceive high social support. Perceived social support can contribute to improving the mental well-being of older caregivers.
| S-EPMC7312634 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundGiven the relevance of social support on the mental health of older adults, having an instrument to evaluate this variable is essential for research in the area. However, mainly, having instruments with suitable evidence of their psychometric properties is critical. For this reason, this study sought to evaluate the factorial and reliability structure of the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support within autonomous older adults from the Province of Concepción, Chile.MethodsWe surveyed 399 older adults using quote sampling. They answered a Spanish version of the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support, plus a sociodemographic questionnaire. We performed confirmatory factor analysis using Weighted Least Squares Means and Variances adjusted estimation (WLSMV) to compare the factor models proposes by previous studies. To evaluate reliability, we calculated Cronbach's alpha and McDonald's omega.ResultsThe Confirmatory factor analysis found that the 3-factors models showed the best fist index between the models with CFI = 0.991, TLI = 0.989, and SRMR = 0.035, even though RMSEA were over the cutoff point. The factors presented reliabilities from α = 0.858 to α = 0.941, and from ω = 0.937 to ω = 0.972.ConclusionsThe results support the existence of three factors for the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS), differentiating the support perceived from Family, Friends, and significant others. All factors present good or excellent reliability. This solution is theoretically consistent and coherent with the literature, and it presents evidence in favor of the use of MSPSS as a measurement to distinguish the support perceived source.
| S-EPMC8359117 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Antinuclear antibodies (ANA), a marker of self-reactivity to DNA and other nuclear antigens, are present in several autoimmune diseases and have been observed in healthy persons in the absence of autoimmune disease. ANA prevalence is higher in women and older adults, but the health implications of ANA in middle- to older-aged adults are unknown. Immune system differences by sex may further result in sex-specific susceptibility to morbidity. In a cross-sectional analysis of data from the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging, we examined the sex-specific relationship between age and ANA as well as the associations (odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals) between ANA and type-2 diabetes and multimorbidity (2 or more chronic diseases), stratified by sex and controlling for age and race. ANA was measured in a 1:160 dilution of sera by immunofluorescence using HEp-2 cells (seropositive = 3 or 4). Overall ANA seroprevalence was 12% (15.1% in women, 8.8% in men). We observed a non-linear relationship between age and ANA that varied by sex (interaction p-value < 0.05), with a clear sex differences in younger participants (ages 48-59), which converged in the oldest (age 80+). ANA positive women had higher odds of type 2 diabetes (OR: 2.06, 95% confidence interval: 1.04, 4.07) and multimorbidity (OR: 2.47, 95% confidence interval 1.11, 5.50) than women who were ANA negative. No statistically significant associations were observed in men. Insight into differences in age-related ANA positivity and ANA associations with chronic diseases by sex is important for understanding the impact of immune dysregulation in aging individuals.
| S-EPMC7180125 | biostudies-literature
Project description:ObjectivesThe present study aimed to explore the social support among community-dwelling older adults with frailty and pre-frailty and to ascertain associated factors.MethodsThe frailty status of the participant was assessed via the Chinese FRAIL Scale. The dependent variable, level of social support, was evaluated using the Social Support Rating Scale (range: 12-66). This study explored the influencing factors from three aspects containing sociodemographic characteristics, family environment, and community environment. Independent-sample t-test, Analysis of Variance, and multiple linear regression analyses were conducted to examine determinants of social support.ResultsThere were significant differences in overall social support between non-frail, pre-frail, and frail participants [38.01 (SD = 6.48) vs. 33.62 (SD = 6.25) vs. 30.50 (SD = 6.68), F = 62.157, p < 0.001]. Older adults with frailty and pre-frailty who were single would have lower levels of overall social support. In the pre-frail group, living alone was associated with lower overall social support. In contrast, the relationship with children and the availability of recreational activities were associated factors for the frail group.ConclusionsThe level of social support among frail and pre-frail community-dwelling older adults was lower than the robust older adults and influenced by different factors according to the frailty category, which suggests taking targeted measures for social support improvement.
| S-EPMC9329702 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundHealth and social care systems were designed to be used primarily by people with single and acute diseases. However, a growing number of older adults are diagnosed with multiple long-term conditions (LTCs). The process of navigating the intricacies of health and social care systems to receive appropriate care presents significant challenges for older people living with multiple LTCs, which in turn can negatively influence their well-being and quality of life.ObjectiveThe long-term goal of this work is to design technology to assist people with LTCs in navigating health and social care systems. To do so, we must first understand how older people living with LTCs currently engage with and navigate their care networks. No published research describes and analyses the structure of formal and informal care networks of older adults with multiple LTCs, the frequency of interactions with each type of care service, and the problems that typically arise in these interactions.MethodsWe conducted a mixed-methods study and recruited 62 participants aged ?55 years who were living in England, had ?2 LTCs, and had completed a social network analysis questionnaire. Semistructured interviews were conducted with roughly a 10% subsample of the questionnaire sample: 4 women and 3 men. On average, interviewees aged 70 years and had 4 LTCs.ResultsPersonal care networks were complex and adapted to each individual. The task of building and subsequently navigating one's personal care network rested mainly on patients' shoulders. It was frequently the patients' task to bridge and connect the different parts of the system. The major factor leading to a satisfying navigation experience was found to be patients' assertive, determined, and proactive approaches. Furthermore, smooth communication and interaction between different parts of the care system led to more satisfying navigation experiences.ConclusionsTechnology to support care navigation for older adults with multiple LTCs needs to support patients in managing complex health and social care systems by effectively integrating the management of multiple conditions and facilitating communication among multiple stakeholders, while also offering flexibility to adapt to individual situations. Quality of care seems to be dependent on the determination and ability of patients. Those with less determination and fewer organization skills experience worse care. Thus, technology must aim to fulfill these coordination functions to ensure care is equitable across those who need it.
| S-EPMC6716432 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Objective: This study investigated the relationship between structural social support and loneliness and explored whether functional social support had an intermediate role therein. It also employed a multigroup structural equation model to compare mediation models among older adults living in cities, towns, and rural areas. Methods: Using a self-made demographics questionnaire, the structural-functional social support scale, and the 3-item UCLA loneliness scale, this study collected information from 1,325 older adults identified via convenient sampling. Results: The results showed that as: (1) compared with older adults living in towns, older urban, and rural adults had higher structural social support and experienced less loneliness, while older adults' functional social support showed no difference among the three regions (2) An analysis of the models of regional differences indicated that functional social support served as a full mediator in the relationship between structural social support and loneliness in urban older adults, and a partial mediator for older adults living in towns and rural areas. Conclusion: The relationship between structural social support and loneliness is mediated by functional social support, and this mediation model varies between older adults in cities and towns/rural areas. This study helps us understand possible mechanisms through which structural social support impacts loneliness. It suggests that nursing strategies for older adults should be adjusted according to the region and direct greater focus on the function (or quality) of the social support network and older adults living in towns.
| S-EPMC8507854 | biostudies-literature