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Development of a Canadian Food Composition Database of Gluten-Free Products.

ABSTRACT: Country-specific food composition data are needed for gluten-free (GF) food products to assess nutritional adequacy and diet quality. This research aimed to develop a comprehensive GF food composition database for key GF foods consumed in Canada. Average nutrient data from 167 products were estimated from Nutrition Fact Panel labels and the commercial ingredient list, using an iterative and systematic approach. The database reports mean values for energy and 29 nutrients per 100 g for 33 GF commercial grain-based foods. Nutrient values were evaluated with Health Canada's nutrient content claims per standard reference serving. On average, GF products were, at minimum, a source of thiamin (73%), riboflavin (70%), niacin (58%), iron (58%), fibre (55%), magnesium (48%), folate (36%), zinc (19%), and calcium (15%). Most GF products were low in saturated fat (85%) and cholesterol (64%) but only 15% were low in total fat and 6% were free of sugar. Micronutrient enrichment and the use of nutrient-dense whole grain flours, legume flours, oil seed husks, and functional fibre ingredients varied within and between categories and brands but appeared to contribute to nutrient content. This database provides a new tool to enhance GF diet assessment in individuals or populations in Canada.

SUBMITTER: Jamieson JA

PROVIDER: S-EPMC9332361 | biostudies-literature | 2022 Jul

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Development of a Canadian Food Composition Database of Gluten-Free Products.

Jamieson Jennifer A JA Gill Kelsey K Fisher Samantha S English Marcia M

Foods (Basel, Switzerland) 20220726 15

Country-specific food composition data are needed for gluten-free (GF) food products to assess nutritional adequacy and diet quality. This research aimed to develop a comprehensive GF food composition database for key GF foods consumed in Canada. Average nutrient data from 167 products were estimated from Nutrition Fact Panel labels and the commercial ingredient list, using an iterative and systematic approach. The database reports mean values for energy and 29 nutrients per 100 g for 33 GF comm ...[more]

PMID: 35892800

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Project description:Notwithstanding a growth in popularity and consumption of gluten-free (GF) food products, there is a lack of substantiated analysis of the nutritional quality compared with their gluten-containing counterparts. To put GF foods into proper perspective both for those who need it (patients with celiac disease) and for those who do not, we provide contemporary data about cost and nutritional quality of GF food products. The objective of this study is to develop a food composition database for seven discretionary food categories of packaged GF products. Nutrient composition, nutritional information and cost of foods from 63 GF and 126 gluten-containing counterparts were systematically obtained from 12 different Austrian supermarkets. The nutrition composition (macro and micronutrients) was analyzed by using two nutrient composition databases in a stepwise approximation process. A total of 63 packaged GF foods were included in the analysis representing a broad spectrum of different GF categories (flour/bake mix, bread and bakery products, pasta and cereal-based food, cereals, cookies and cakes, snacks and convenience food). Our results show that the protein content of GF products is >2 fold lower across 57% of all food categories. In 65% of all GF foods, low sodium content was observed (defined as <120 mg/100 g). Across all GF products, 19% can be classified as source high in fiber (defined as >6g/100 g). On average, GF foods were substantially higher in cost, ranging from +205% (cereals) to +267% (bread and bakery products) compared to similar gluten-containing products. In conclusion, our results indicate that for GF foods no predominant health benefits are indicated; in fact, some critical nutrients must be considered when being on a GF diet. For individuals with celiac disease, the GF database provides a helpful tool to identify the food composition of their medical diet. For healthy consumers, replacing gluten-containing products with GF foods is aligned with substantial cost differences but GF foods do not provide additional health benefits from a nutritional perspective.

Project description:The unique physiochemical properties of wheat gluten enable a diverse range of food products to be manufactured. However, gluten triggers coeliac disease, a condition which is treated using a gluten-free diet. Analytical methods are required to confirm if foods are gluten-free, but current immunoassay-based methods can unreliable and proteomic methods offer an alternative but require comprehensive and well annotated sequence databases which are lacking for gluten. A manually a curated database (GluPro V1.0) of gluten proteins, comprising 630 discrete unique full length protein sequences has been compiled. It is representative of the different types of gliadin and glutenin components found in gluten. An in silico comparison of their coeliac toxicity was undertaken by analysing the distribution of coeliac toxic motifs. This demonstrated that whilst the α-gliadin proteins contained more toxic motifs, these were distributed across all gluten protein sub-types. Comparison of annotations observed using a discovery proteomics dataset acquired using ion mobility MS/MS showed that more reliable identifications were obtained using the GluPro V1.0 database compared to the complete reviewed Viridiplantae database. This highlights the value of a curated sequence database specifically designed to support the proteomic workflows and the development of methods to detect and quantify gluten.SignificanceWe have constructed the first manually curated open-source wheat gluten protein sequence database (GluPro V1.0) in a FASTA format to support the application of proteomic methods for gluten protein detection and quantification. We have also analysed the manually verified sequences to give the first comprehensive overview of the distribution of sequences able to elicit a reaction in coeliac disease, the prevalent form of gluten intolerance. Provision of this database will improve the reliability of gluten protein identification by proteomic analysis, and aid the development of targeted mass spectrometry methods in line with Codex Alimentarius Commission requirements for foods designed to meet the needs of gluten intolerant individuals.

Dataset Information

Development of a Canadian Food Composition Database of Gluten-Free Products.

Publications

Development of a Canadian Food Composition Database of Gluten-Free Products.

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