Dataset Information

Low molecular weight chitooligosaccharide inhibits infection of SARS-CoV-2 in vitro.

ABSTRACT:

Aims

The discovery of antiviral substances to respond to COVID-19 is a global issue, including the field of drug development based on natural materials. Here, we showed that chitosan-based substances have natural antiviral properties against SARS-CoV-2 in vitro.

Methods and results

The molecular weight of chitosan-based substances was measured by the gel permeation chromatography analysis. In MTT assay, the chitosan-based substances have low cytotoxicity to Vero cells. The antiviral effect of these substances was confirmed by quantitative viral RNA targeting the RdRp and E genes and plaque assay. Among the substances tested, low molecular weight chitooligosaccharide decreased the fluorescence intensity of SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein of the virus-infected cells in a dose-dependent manner.

Conclusions

In conclusion, the chitooligosaccharide, a candidate for natural treatment, has antiviral effects against the SARS-CoV-2 virus in vitro.

Significance and impact of study

In this study, it was suggested for the first time that chitosan-based substances such as chitooligosaccharide can have an antiviral effect on SARS-CoV-2 in vitro.

SUBMITTER: Jang D

PROVIDER: S-EPMC9347542 | biostudies-literature | 2022 May

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Publications

Low molecular weight chitooligosaccharide inhibits infection of SARS-CoV-2 in vitro.

Jang Donghwan D Lee Dagyum D Shin Young Chul YC Lee Joong Su JS Jung Jihee J Ryoo Sungweon S

Journal of applied microbiology 20220531 2

<h4>Aims</h4>The discovery of antiviral substances to respond to COVID-19 is a global issue, including the field of drug development based on natural materials. Here, we showed that chitosan-based substances have natural antiviral properties against SARS-CoV-2 in vitro.<h4>Methods and results</h4>The molecular weight of chitosan-based substances was measured by the gel permeation chromatography analysis. In MTT assay, the chitosan-based substances have low cytotoxicity to Vero cells. The antivir ...[more]

PMID: 35543341

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Project description:New SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern and waning immunity demonstrate the need for a quick and simple prophylactic agent to prevent infection. Low molecular weight heparins (LMWH) are potent inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 binding and infection in vitro. The airways are a major route for infection and therefore inhaled LMWH could be a prophylactic treatment against SARS-CoV-2. We investigated the efficacy of in vivo inhalation of LMWH in humans to prevent SARS-CoV-2 attachment to nasal epithelial cells in a single-center, open-label intervention study. Volunteers received enoxaparin in the right and a placebo (NaCl 0.9%) in the left nostril using a nebulizer. After application, nasal epithelial cells were retrieved with a brush for ex-vivo exposure to either SARS-CoV-2 pseudovirus or an authentic SARS-CoV-2 isolate and virus attachment as determined. LMWH inhalation significantly reduced attachment of SARS-CoV-2 pseudovirus as well as authentic SARS-CoV-2 to human nasal cells. Moreover, in vivo inhalation was as efficient as in vitro LMWH application. Cell phenotyping revealed no differences between placebo and treatment groups and no adverse events were observed in the study participants. Our data strongly suggested that inhalation of LMWH was effective to prevent SARS-CoV-2 attachment and subsequent infection. LMWH is ubiquitously available, affordable, and easy to apply, making them suitable candidates for prophylactic treatment against SARS-CoV-2. IMPORTANCE New SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern and waning immunity demonstrate the need for a quick and simple agent to prevent infection. Low molecular weight heparins (LMWH) have been shown to inhibit SARS-CoV-2 in experimental settings. The airways are a major route for SARS-CoV-2 infection and inhaled LMWH could be a prophylactic treatment. We investigated the efficacy of inhalation of the LMWH enoxaparin in humans to prevent SARS-CoV-2 attachment because this is a prerequisite for infection. Volunteers received enoxaparin in the right and a placebo in the left nostril using a nebulizer. Subsequently, nasal epithelial cells were retrieved with a brush and exposed to SARS-CoV-2. LMWH inhalation significantly reduced the binding of SARS-Cov-2 to human nasal cells. Cell phenotyping revealed no differences between placebo and treatment groups and no adverse events were observed in the participants. Our data indicated that LMWH can be used to block SARS-CoV-2 attachment to nasal cells. LMWH was ubiquitously available, affordable, and easily applicable, making them excellent candidates for prophylactic treatment against SARS-CoV-2.

Dataset Information

Low molecular weight chitooligosaccharide inhibits infection of SARS-CoV-2 in vitro.

Aims

Methods and results

Conclusions

Significance and impact of study

Publications

Low molecular weight chitooligosaccharide inhibits infection of SARS-CoV-2 in vitro.

Similar Datasets

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