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Impact of habitual chewing on gut motility via microbiota transition.

ABSTRACT: The gut environment, including the microbiota and its metabolites and short-chain fatty acids (SCFA), is essential for health maintenance. It is considered that functional recovery treatment for masticatory dysphagia affects the composition of the gut microbiota, indicating that habitual mastication, depending on the hardness of the food, may affect the gut microbiota and environment. However, the impact of chronic powdered diet feeding on the colonic condition and motility remains unclear. Here, we evaluated various colonic features in mice fed with powdered diets for a long-term and a mouse model with masticatory behavior. We observed a decreased abundance of the SCFA-producing bacterial genera in the ceca of the powdered diet-fed mice. Based on the importance of SCFAs in gut immune homeostasis and motility, interestingly, powdered diet feeding also resulted in constipation-like symptoms due to mild colitis, which were ameliorated by the administration of a neutrophil-depleting agent and neutrophil elastase inhibitors. Lastly, the suppressed colonic motility in the powdered diet-fed mice was significantly improved by loading masticatory activity for 2 h. Thus, feeding habits with appropriate masticatory activity and stimulation may play a key role in providing a favorable gut environment based on interactions between the gut microbiota and host immune system.

SUBMITTER: Yaoita F

PROVIDER: S-EPMC9378666 | biostudies-literature | 2022 Aug

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Impact of habitual chewing on gut motility via microbiota transition.

Yaoita Fukie F Watanabe Keita K Kimura Ikuo I Miyazawa Masayuki M Tsuchiya Shinobu S Kanzaki Makoto M Tsuchiya Masahiro M Tan-No Koichi K

Scientific reports 20220815 1

The gut environment, including the microbiota and its metabolites and short-chain fatty acids (SCFA), is essential for health maintenance. It is considered that functional recovery treatment for masticatory dysphagia affects the composition of the gut microbiota, indicating that habitual mastication, depending on the hardness of the food, may affect the gut microbiota and environment. However, the impact of chronic powdered diet feeding on the colonic condition and motility remains unclear. Here ...[more]

PMID: 35970869

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Project description:BackgroundThe gut microbiome impacts human health through various mechanisms and is involved in the development of a range of non-communicable diseases. Diet is a well-known factor influencing microbe-host interaction in health and disease. However, very few findings are based on large-scale analysis using population-based studies. Our aim was to investigate the cross-sectional relationship between habitual dietary intake and gut microbiota structure in the Cooperative Health Research in the Region of Augsburg (KORA) FF4 study.ResultsFecal microbiota was analyzed using 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. Latent Dirichlet allocation (LDA) was applied to samples from 1992 participants to identify 20 microbial subgroups within the study population. Each participant's gut microbiota was subsequently described by a unique composition of these 20 subgroups. Associations between habitual dietary intake, assessed via repeated 24-h food lists and a Food Frequency Questionnaire, and the 20 subgroups, as well as between prevalence of metabolic diseases/risk factors and the subgroups, were assessed with multivariate-adjusted Dirichlet regression models. After adjustment for multiple testing, eight of 20 microbial subgroups were significantly associated with habitual diet, while nine of 20 microbial subgroups were associated with the prevalence of one or more metabolic diseases/risk factors. Subgroups 5 (Faecalibacterium, Lachnospiracea incertae sedis, Gemmiger, Roseburia) and 14 (Coprococcus, Bacteroides, Faecalibacterium, Ruminococcus) were particularly strongly associated with diet. For example, participants with a high probability for subgroup 5 were characterized by a higher Alternate Healthy Eating Index and Mediterranean Diet Score and a higher intake of food items such as fruits, vegetables, legumes, and whole grains, while participants with prevalent type 2 diabetes mellitus were characterized by a lower probability for subgroup 5.ConclusionsThe associations between habitual diet, metabolic diseases, and microbial subgroups identified in this analysis not only expand upon current knowledge of diet-microbiota-disease relationships, but also indicate the possibility of certain microbial groups to be modulated by dietary intervention, with the potential of impacting human health. Additionally, LDA appears to be a powerful tool for interpreting latent structures of the human gut microbiota. However, the subgroups and associations observed in this analysis need to be replicated in further studies. Video abstract.

Project description:Background: The oral cavity harbors a complex microbial ecosystem, intimately related to oral health and disease. The use of polyol-sweetened gum is believed to benefit oral health through stimulation of salivary flow and impacting oral pathogenic bacteria. Maltitol is often used as sweetener in food products. This study aimed to establish the in vivo effects of frequent consumption of maltitol-sweetened chewing gum on the dental plaque microbiota in healthy volunteers and to establish the cellular and molecular effects by in vitro cultivation and transcriptional analysis. Results: An intervention study was performed in 153 volunteers, randomly assigned to three groups (www.trialregister.nl; NTR4165). One group was requested to use maltitol gum five times daily, one group used gum-base, and the third group did not use chewing gum. At day 0 and day 28, 24 h-accumulated supragingival plaque was collected at the lingual sites of the lower jaw and the buccal sites of the upper jaw and analyzed by 16S ribosomal rRNA gene sequencing. At day 42, 2 weeks after completion of the study, lower-jaw samples were collected and analyzed. The upper buccal plaque microbiota composition had lower bacterial levels and higher relative abundances of (facultative) aerobic species compared to the lower lingual sites. There was no difference in bacterial community structure between any of the three study groups (PERMANOVA). Significant lower abundance of several bacterial phylotypes was found in maltitol gum group compared to the gum-base group, including Actinomyces massiliensis HOT 852 and Lautropia mirabilis HOT 022. Cultivation studies confirmed growth inhibition of A. massiliensis and A. johnsonii by maltitol at levels of 1% and higher. Transcriptome analysis of A. massiliensis revealed that exposure to maltitol resulted in changes in the expression of genes linked to osmoregulation, biofilm formation, and central carbon metabolism. Conclusion: The results showed that chewing itself only marginally impacted the plaque microbiota composition. Use of maltitol-sweetened gum lowered abundance of several bacterial species. Importantly, the species impacted play a key role in the early formation of dental biofilms. Further studies are required to establish if frequent use of maltitol gum impacts early dental-plaque biofilm development.

Dataset Information

Impact of habitual chewing on gut motility via microbiota transition.

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Impact of habitual chewing on gut motility via microbiota transition.

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