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Novel Caulobacter bacteriophages illustrate the diversity of the podovirus genus Rauchvirus.

ABSTRACT: The podovirus BPP-1 is currently the only member of the Podovirus genus Rauchvirus. Here, we describe three new Caulobacter bacteriophages (Jess A, SR18, and RW) that show genetic similarity to BPP-1 but have many different genetic and structural features that differentiate them from BPP-1. Jess A and SR18 are closely related to each other and should be considered two members of a new species. They share a similar gene order with BPP-1. However, they do not appear to form lysogens or have the tropism switching mechanism that has been described for BPP-1. Bacteriophage RW also exhibits some homology to BPP-1. However, it is quite different from the other three phages, and we propose that it should be considered a representative of a third species of the genus Rauchvirus. Taken together, the differences among these four members of the genus Rauchvirus indicate that this divergent genus has a long evolutionary history and that there are many more rauchviruses waiting to be discovered.

SUBMITTER: Ely B

PROVIDER: S-EPMC9391073 | biostudies-literature | 2020 Nov

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Novel Caulobacter bacteriophages illustrate the diversity of the podovirus genus Rauchvirus.

Ely Bert B Liese Jana J Corley Scott S Nguyen Doreen D Wilson Kiesha K Berrios Louis L

Archives of virology 20200901 11

The podovirus BPP-1 is currently the only member of the Podovirus genus Rauchvirus. Here, we describe three new Caulobacter bacteriophages (Jess A, SR18, and RW) that show genetic similarity to BPP-1 but have many different genetic and structural features that differentiate them from BPP-1. Jess A and SR18 are closely related to each other and should be considered two members of a new species. They share a similar gene order with BPP-1. However, they do not appear to form lysogens or have the tr ...[more]

PMID: 32870405

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Project description:Alteromonas is a ubiquitous, abundant, copiotrophic and phytoplankton-associated marine member of the Gammaproteobacteria with a range extending from tropical waters to polar regions and including hadal zones. Here, we describe a novel Alteromonas phage, ZP6, that was isolated from surface coastal waters of Qingdao, China. ZP6 contains a linear, double-stranded, 38,080-bp DNA molecule with 50.1% G+C content and 47 putative open reading frames (ORFs). Three auxiliary metabolic genes were identified, encoding metal-dependent phosphohydrolase, diaminopurine synthetase, and nucleotide pyrophosphohydrolase. The first two ORFs facilitate the replacement of adenine (A) by diaminopurine (Z) in phage genomes and help phages to evade attack from host restriction enzymes. The nucleotide pyrophosphohydrolase enables the host cells to stop programmed cell death and improves the survival rate of the host in a nutrient-depleted environment. Phylogenetic analysis based on the amino acid sequences of whole genomes and comparative genomic analysis revealed that ZP6 is most closely related to Enhodamvirus but with low similarity (shared genes, <30%, and average nucleotide sequence identity, <65%); it is distinct from other bacteriophages. Together, these results suggest that ZP6 could represent a novel viral genus, here named Mareflavirus. Combining its ability to infect Alteromonas, its harboring of a diaminopurine genome-biosynthetic system, and its representativeness of an understudied viral group, ZP6 could be an important and novel model system for marine virus research. IMPORTANCE Alteromonas is an important symbiotic bacterium of phytoplankton, but research on its bacteriophages is still at an elementary level. Our isolation and genome characterization of a novel Alteromonas podovirus, ZP6, identified a new viral genus of podovirus, namely, Mareflavirus. The ZP6 genome, with a diaminopurine genome-biosynthetic system, is different from those of other isolated Alteromonas phages and will bring new impetus to the development of virus classification and provide important insights into novel viral sequences from metagenomic data sets.

Dataset Information

Novel Caulobacter bacteriophages illustrate the diversity of the podovirus genus Rauchvirus.

Publications

Novel Caulobacter bacteriophages illustrate the diversity of the podovirus genus Rauchvirus.

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