Re-emergence of Severe Acute Diarrhea Syndrome Coronavirus (SADS-CoV) in Guangxi, China, 2021.
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Sun Y
PROVIDER: S-EPMC9393104 | biostudies-literature | 2022 Nov
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Re-emergence of Severe Acute Diarrhea Syndrome Coronavirus (SADS-CoV) in Guangxi, China, 2021.
Sun Yankuo Y Xing Jiabao J Xu Zhi-Ying ZY Gao Han H Xu Si-Jia SJ Liu Jing J Zhu Di-Hua DH Guo Yi-Fan YF Yang Bin-Shuo BS Chen Xiong-Nan XN Zheng Ze-Zhong ZZ Wang Heng H Lang Gong G C Holmes Edward E Zhang Gui-Hong GH
The Journal of infection 20220822 5
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Project description:A new highly virulent swine acute diarrhoea syndrome coronavirus (SADS-CoV) emerged in Guangdong province in 2017 followed by fatal diarrhoea that involved the death of 24,693 piglets. And yet from May 2017 to January 2019, there were no new SADS cases arising in pig herds in Guangdong. In this study, we reported the recent diarrhoea outbreak of SADS-CoV in Southern China on February 2019. Intestinal samples collected from diarrhoeal piglets were detected for common swine virus and confirmed that SADS-CoV was responsible for the diarrhoea case. Meanwhile, serological investigation of sows' sera implied that SADS-CoV has existed in the farm and PEDV antibody may not directly contribute to the amplification of SADS-CoV. Homology and phylogenetic analysis of the whole genome showed that the re-emerging SADS-CoV strain shared high sequence identities with existing SADS-CoV strains and all strains clustered together in Alpha coronavirus. All in all, the report herein emphasized the re-emerging of SADS-CoV and highlights continuous monitoring for this virus.
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Project description:Swine acute diarrhea syndrome coronavirus (SADS-CoV), a newly emerging enteric coronavirus, is considered to be associated with swine acute diarrhea syndrome (SADS) which has caused significantly economic losses to the porcine industry. Interactions between SADS-CoV and the host innate immune response is unclear yet. In this study, we used IPEC-J2 cells as a model to explore potential evasion strategies employed by SADS-CoV. Our results showed that SADS-CoV infection failed to induce IFN-? production, and inhibited poly (I:C) and Sendai virus (SeV)-triggered IFN-? expression. SADS-CoV also blocked poly (I:C)-induced phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of IRF-3 and NF-?B. Furthermore, SADS-CoV did not interfere with the activity of IFN-? promoter stimulated by IRF3, TBK1 and IKK?, but counteracted its activation induced by IPS-1 and RIG-I. Collectively, this study is the first investigation that shows interactions between SADS-CoV and the host innate immunity, which provides information of the molecular mechanisms underlying SASD-CoV infection.
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Project description:BackgroundSwine acute diarrhea syndrome coronavirus (SADS-CoV) causes acute vomiting and diarrhea in piglets, leading to significant financial losses for the pig industry. Recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA) is a rapid nucleic acid amplification technology used under constant temperature conditions. The study established a real-time reverse transcription (RT)-RPA assay for early diagnosis of SADS-CoV. RESULTS: The detection limit of the real-time RT-RPA was 74 copies/µL of SADS-CoV genomic standard recombinant plasmid in 95% of cases. The assay was performed in less than 30 min and no cross-reactions were observed with eight other common viruses that affect swine, including classical swine fever virus (CSFV), porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), pseudo rabies virus (PRV), swine influenza virus (SIV), seneca valley virus (SVA), transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV), porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) and porcine deltacoronavirus (PDCoV). The coefficient of variation (C.V.) values of the two standards dilutions and three positive clinical sample ranged from 2.95% to 4.71%. A total of 72 clinical fecal samples from swine with diarrheal symptoms were analyzed with the developed RT-RPA and quantitative RT-PCR. There was 98.61% agreement between the RT-RPA and the quantitative real-time PCR results.ConclusionsThese results indicated that the developed RT-RPA assay had good specificity, sensitivity, stability and repeatability. The study successfully established a broadly reactive RT-RPA assay for SADS-CoV detection.
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Project description:Feline coronavirus (FCoV), as one of the important pathogens of feline viral gastroenteritis, has been attracting great attention. A total of 1869 rectal and nasal swabs, feces, and ascites samples were collected from eight regions in Guangxi province during 2021-2024. The multiplex RT-qPCR established in our laboratory was used to test these samples for FCoV, and 17.66% (330/1869) of the samples were positive for FCoV. The S, M, and N genes of 63 FCoV-positive samples were amplified and sequenced, and the genetic and evolutionary characteristics were analyzed. Similarity analysis showed that the nucleotide and amino acid homologies of S, M, and N genes were 81.2-99.6% and 70.2-99.5%, 89.9-100% and 91.6-100%, and 90.1-100% and 91.5-100%, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that all 63 FCoV strains, based on S gene sequences, belonged to type I FCoV (FCoV-I), and were clustered with Chinese strains and the Netherlands UU strains. Recombinant signals were detected in the S gene of strains GXLZ03-2022, GXLZ08-2022, and CCoV GD/2020/X9. The results suggest that FCoV is still prevalent in the Guangxi province of southern China, and the prevalent FCoV strains show high genetic diversity and novel epidemic characteristics.
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Project description:IntroductionSwine acute diarrhea syndrome coronavirus (SADS-CoV) is an enveloped, positive-sense, single-stranded RNA virus that causes clinical symptoms such as vomiting and diarrhea in 10-day-old piglets. SADS-CoV has caused significant economic losses in the swine industry in southern China. Currently, no effective treatments or vaccines are available for this disease, making it crucial to establish a point-of-care testing (POCT) technology for early diagnosis and prevention.MethodsIn this study, we first validated the specificity and immunogenicity of four monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) targeting the nucleocapsid (N) protein of swine acute diarrhea syndrome coronavirus (SADS-CoV). The optimal antibody pair for constructing the fluorescent microsphere-based immunochromatographic assay (FM-ICA) was determined through systematic pairwise screening. Critical parameters of the FM-ICA test strip, including antibody labeling concentration, coating concentration, incubation time, and sample dilution ratio, were subsequently optimized. Analytical performance characteristics of the developed FM-ICA were then rigorously evaluated. Finally, clinical validation was conducted by parallel testing of 72 field samples using both FM-ICA and quantitative PCR (qPCR), followed by concordance rate analysis.ResultsFirst, we demonstrated that all four monoclonal antibodies exhibited favorable immunogenicity and specificity. Subsequently, mAb 12E1 was identified as the coating antibody, and mAb 5G12 was selected as the labeled antibody, forming the optimal combination for FM-ICA preparation. After optimization, the ideal parameters were determined: a labeling concentration of 200 μg/mg for antibodies, a coating concentration of 1 mg/mL, an incubation time of 10 min, and a dilution factor of 10. The FM-ICA exhibited outstanding specificity, sensitivity, reproducibility, and stability, achieving a maximum detectable dilution factor of 1280 and a limit of detection (LOD) of 78 PFU mL⁻¹. Finally, the concordance rate between FM-ICA and qPCR for clinical samples reached 97.22%.DiscussionThese results indicate that FM-ICA is an excellent POCT technology that can be used for the early diagnosis of SADS-CoV, providing support for disease prevention and treatment.
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Project description:Swine acute diarrhea syndrome coronavirus (SADS-CoV) is a novel coronavirus which was first reported in southern China in 2017. It can cause severe diarrhea disease in pigs. In order to detect this new emerging virus rapidly and reliably, a TaqMan-based real-time RT-PCR assay was established in this study. Specific primers and probe were designed and synthesized based on the conserved region within the N gene of the viral genome. Results showed that the lowest limit of detection was 3.0?×?101?copies/?L. This approach was specific for SADS-CoV, and there were no cross-reaction observed against other 15?swine viruses. It was 10 times more sensitive than the conventional PCR and gave higher SADS-CoV positive detection rate (70.69%, 123/174) than the conventional PCR (51.15%, 89/174) from clinical samples. These data indicated that the TaqMan-based real-time RT-PCR assay established here was an effective method with high sensitivity, specificity and reproducibility for faster and more accurate detection and quantification of SADS-CoV.
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Project description:A novel swine acute diarrhea syndrome Coronavirus (SADS-CoV) that causes severe diarrhea in suckling piglets was identified in southern China in 2017. A simple and rapid detection test was developed for this virus using real-time RT-LAMP based on the conserved N gene of the virus. The method had a detection limit of 1.0 × 101 copies/μL with no cross-reactions with classical swine fever virus, porcine and respiratory syndrome virus NA, porcine and respiratory syndrome virus EU, transmissible gastroenteritis coronavirus, foot and mouth disease virus, porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (S-INDEL and non-S-INDEL), swine influenza virus subtype H1N1, porcine circovirus type 2, seneca valley virus, porcine parvovirus, porcine deltacoronavirus and rotavirus. This method was also reproducible. Twenty of 24 clinical samples were identified as SADS-CoV RNA-positive by the real-time RT-LAMP and the results were consistent with that of the real time RT-PCR method. This new method for detecting SADS-CoV is specific and sensitive for the detection of SADS-CoV.
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Project description:Porcine deltacoronavirus (PDCoV) has been detected sporadically in China since its first description in 2012. In our study, 62 faecal and intestinal samples from pigs with diarrhoea were collected in Guangxi Province, China, during 2017 and 2018. Twelve samples (19.4%, 12/62) were positive for PDCoV. Five complete genomes of PDCoV were then determined, and sequence alignment revealed that the five strains had discontinuous deletions at 400-401 aa in non-structural protein 2 (NSP2) and 758-760 aa in non-structural protein 3 (NSP3) compared with the respective proteins in the HKU15-44 strain. Notably, the CHN-GX81-2018 strain contained two insertions in the S gene and 3'-UTR. Multiple sequence alignment and phylogenetic analysis showed that four strains shared 98.2%-98.4% nucleotide identity with CHN-AH-2004 and were classified into a new cluster of China lineage strains, whereas the CHN-GX81-2018 strain shared 98.7% nucleotide identity with Vietnam/Binh21/2015 and belonged to the Vietnam/Laos/Thailand lineage. Recombination analyses revealed that four strains were the result of recombination between CHN-HB-2014 and Vietnam/Binh21/2015 strains. This study demonstrated the co-existence of multiple lineages of PDCoV in China, and our findings will aid the reorganization and evolution of the virus.
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