Dataset Information

Detection of Nipah and Hendra Viruses Using Recombinant Human Ephrin B2 Capture Virus in Immunoassays.

ABSTRACT: Nipah virus (NiV) and Hendra virus (HeV) are classified as high-consequence zoonotic viruses characterized by high pathogenicity and high mortality in animals and humans. Rapid diagnosis is essential to containing the outbreak. In this study, the henipavirus receptor ephrin B2 was examined to determine whether it could be used as a universal ligand for henipavirus detection in immunoassays. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) were developed using recombinant ephrin B2 as the capture ligand and two monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) as detection reagents. Using mAb F27NiV-34, which cross-reacts with NiV and HeV, we were able to detect NiV and HeV, while mAb F20NiV-65 was used to detect NiV. Therefore, using these two ELISAs, we were able to differentiate between NiV and HeV. Furthermore, we developed a rapid lateral flow strip test for NiV detection using ephrin B2 as the capture ligand combined with mAb F20NiV-65 as the detector. Taken together, our results show that the combination of ephrin B2 and a specific mAb provides an excellent pairing for NiV and HeV detection.

SUBMITTER: Yang M

PROVIDER: S-EPMC9415732 | biostudies-literature | 2022 Jul

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Detection of Nipah and Hendra Viruses Using Recombinant Human Ephrin B2 Capture Virus in Immunoassays.

Yang Ming M Zhu Wenjun W Truong Thang T Pickering Bradley B Babiuk Shawn S Kobasa Darwyn D Banadyga Logan L

Viruses 20220728 8

Nipah virus (NiV) and Hendra virus (HeV) are classified as high-consequence zoonotic viruses characterized by high pathogenicity and high mortality in animals and humans. Rapid diagnosis is essential to containing the outbreak. In this study, the henipavirus receptor ephrin B2 was examined to determine whether it could be used as a universal ligand for henipavirus detection in immunoassays. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) were developed using recombinant ephrin B2 as the capture liga ...[more]

PMID: 36016279

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Project description:Nipah virus (NiV) and Hendra virus (HeV) are highly pathogenic paramyxovirus which belongs to Henipavirus family, causes severe respiratory disease, and may lead to fatal encephalitis infections in humans. NiV and HeV glycoproteins (G) bind to the highly conserved human ephrin-B2 and B3 (EFNB2 & EFNB3) cell surface proteins to mediate the viral entry. In this study, various molecular modelling approaches were employed to understand protein-protein interaction (PPI) of NiV and HeV glycoprotein (84% sequence similarity) with Human EFN (B2 and B3) to investigate the molecular mechanism of interaction at atomic level. Our computational study emphasized the PPI profile of both the viral glycoproteins with EFN (B2 and B3) in terms of non-bonded contacts, H-bonds, salt bridges, and identification of interface hotspot residues which play a critical role in the formation of complexes that mediate viral fusion and entry into the host cell. According to the reports, EFNB2 is considered to be more actively involved in the attachment with the NiV and HeV glycoprotein; interestingly the current computational study has displayed more conformational stability in HeV/NiV glycoprotein with EFNB2 complex with relatively high binding energy as compared to EFNB3. During the MD simulation, the number of H-bond formations was observed to be less in the case of EFNB3 complexes, which may be the possible reason for less conformational stability in the EFNB3 complexes. The current detailed interaction study on the PPI may put a path forward in designing peptide inhibitors to obstruct the interaction of viral glycoproteins with host proteins, thereby inhibiting viral entry.Graphical abstractThe viral attachment and fusion of Nipah and Hendra virus was explored through the interaction between viral glycoprotein and the host cell surface ephrin protein. The MD simulation results displayed more stability in Nipah and Hendra glycoprotein with EFNB2 as compared to EFNB3. The residue Glu533 in the central cavity of HeV/NiV glycoprotein protein identified as the potential hotspot in binding with the G-H loop of EFNB2.Supplementary informationThe online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12039-022-02110-9.

Project description:UnlabelledHendra virus (HeV) and Nipah virus (NiV) are reportedly the most deadly pathogens within the Paramyxoviridae family. These two viruses bind the cellular entry receptors ephrin B2 and/or ephrin B3 via the viral attachment glycoprotein G, and the concerted efforts of G and the viral fusion glycoprotein F result in membrane fusion. Membrane fusion is essential for viral entry into host cells and for cell-cell fusion, a hallmark of the disease pathobiology. HeV G is heavily N-glycosylated, but the functions of the N-glycans remain unknown. We disrupted eight predicted N-glycosylation sites in HeV G by conservative mutations (Asn to Gln) and found that six out of eight sites were actually glycosylated (G2 to G7); one in the stalk (G2) and five in the globular head domain (G3 to G7). We then tested the roles of individual and combined HeV G N-glycan mutants and found functions in the modulation of shielding against neutralizing antibodies, intracellular transport, G-F interactions, cell-cell fusion, and viral entry. Between the highly conserved HeV and NiV G glycoproteins, similar trends in the effects of N-glycans on protein functions were observed, with differences in the levels at which some N-glycan mutants affected such functions. While the N-glycan in the stalk domain (G2) had roles that were highly conserved between HeV and NiV G, individual N-glycans in the head affected the levels of several protein functions differently. Our findings are discussed in the context of their contributions to our understanding of HeV and NiV pathogenesis and immune responses.ImportanceViral envelope glycoproteins are important for viral pathogenicity and immune evasion. N-glycan shielding is one mechanism by which immune evasion can be achieved. In paramyxoviruses, viral attachment and membrane fusion are governed by the close interaction of the attachment proteins H/HN/G and the fusion protein F. In this study, we show that the attachment glycoprotein G of Hendra virus (HeV), a deadly paramyxovirus, is N-glycosylated at six sites (G2 to G7) and that most of these sites have important roles in viral entry, cell-cell fusion, G-F interactions, G oligomerization, and immune evasion. Overall, we found that the N-glycan in the stalk domain (G2) had roles that were very conserved between HeV G and the closely related Nipah virus G, whereas individual N-glycans in the head quantitatively modulated several protein functions differently between the two viruses.

Dataset Information

Detection of Nipah and Hendra Viruses Using Recombinant Human Ephrin B2 Capture Virus in Immunoassays.

Publications

Detection of Nipah and Hendra Viruses Using Recombinant Human Ephrin B2 Capture Virus in Immunoassays.

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