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High-voltage pulse-assisted extraction of flavonoids from kapok using deep eutectic solvent aqueous solutions.

ABSTRACT: In this study, deep eutectic solvents coupled with a pulsed electric field (PEF-DES) were first applied to the extraction of traditional Chinese medicine plants. This study uses the PEF-DES extraction technique to extract TG-KF (Kapok flavonoid solution extracted with DES-TG). PEF-DES is a simple, effective and environmentally-friendly technology and can be used in industrial-scale production. For the optimal extraction conditions of TG-KF, DES-TG was used as a solvent, the DES-TG concentration was 50%, the solid-liquid ratio was 1 : 30, the electric field intensity was 0.55 kV cm^-1, the number of pulses was 100, and the yield of flavonoids was 14.36 ± 0.35%. TG-KF has very good stability and there is no precipitation or discoloration within 6 months. The results of chicken embryo experiments and human patch tests show that 10% TG-KF aqueous solution has no irritation. DPPH experiments show that TG-KF has excellent efficacy as an antioxidant. Overall, TG-KF is expected to become a potential antioxidant raw material.

SUBMITTER: Wei R

PROVIDER: S-EPMC9437896 | biostudies-literature | 2022 Aug

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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High-voltage pulse-assisted extraction of flavonoids from kapok using deep eutectic solvent aqueous solutions.

Wei Ruijing R Hu Lu L Wang Lihua L Yan Peng P Lin Tao T Wang Ning N Sun Huaiqing H Zheng Bisheng B Guo Chaowan C

RSC advances 20220801 38

In this study, deep eutectic solvents coupled with a pulsed electric field (PEF-DES) were first applied to the extraction of traditional Chinese medicine plants. This study uses the PEF-DES extraction technique to extract TG-KF (Kapok flavonoid solution extracted with DES-TG). PEF-DES is a simple, effective and environmentally-friendly technology and can be used in industrial-scale production. For the optimal extraction conditions of TG-KF, DES-TG was used as a solvent, the DES-TG concentration ...[more]

PMID: 36199877

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Project description:In recent years, deep eutectic solvent (DES) has attracted comprehensive attention on the extraction of natural products, and is regarded as an alternative to traditional organic solvents for the environmental advantages. Twenty-six DESs were compared for their extraction yield of total flavonoids and isovitexin (the main flavonoid in Celtis sinensis) from Celtis sinensis. The results show that the extraction yields of total flavonoids by betaine/glycolic acid (DES8), ethylamine hydrochloride/1,2-propanediol (DES12) and tetrapropylammonium bromide/lactic acid (DES17) are the highest, while the extraction yields of isovitexin by ethylene glycol/malonic acid (DES23), ethylene glycol/glycolic acid (DES24) and 1,2-propanediol/glycolic acid (DES26) are the highest. The extraction conditions using the above six DESs were further optimized systematically. Under optimum conditions, the extraction rates of total flavonoids and isovitexin can be increased up to 95.39 and 10.58 mg g-1, respectively, which were significantly higher than that of methanol extraction. In order to exclude the effect of DESs on the bioactivity of Celtis sinensis extract, the macroporous resin D-101 was used to purify the total flavonoids from DESs extract, and the recovery rates of flavonoids from the above six kinds of DESs were all over 80%. Next, the anti-inflammatory activity of DES extracts was compared using a lymphocyte transformation experiment. The result showed that the inhibition rate of the DES24 extract on the proliferation of Con A-activated T cells was up to 72% with an IC50 value of 124.8 μg mL-1. None of the DESs extracted exhibited cytotoxicity on normal T cells. The mechanism of the anti-inflammatory activity against Con A-activated T cells may be that DES24 flavonoids extract induced the apoptosis of inflammatory T cells, and activated the expression of pro-apoptotic protein. Taken together, DES has showed significant advantages on the extraction of natural products for the relatively mild extraction condition, high yield and environmental-friendliness.

Project description:Polyphenolic compounds play an essential role in plant growth, reproduction, and defense mechanisms against pathogens and environmental stresses. Extracting these compounds is the initial step in assessing phytochemical changes, where the choice of extraction method significantly influences the extracted analytes. However, due to environmental factors, analyzing numerous samples is necessary for statistically significant results, often leading to the use of harmful organic solvents for extraction. Therefore, in this study, a novel DES-based shaking-assisted extraction procedure for the separation of polyphenolic compounds from plant samples followed by LC-ESI-QTOF-MS analysis was developed. The DES was prepared from choline chloride (ChCl) as the hydrogen bond acceptor (HBA) and fructose (Fru) as the hydrogen bond donor (HBD) at various molar ratios with the addition of 30% water to reduce viscosity. Several experimental variables affecting extraction efficiency were studied and optimized using one-variable-at-a-time (OVAT) and confirmed by response surface design (RS). Nearly the same experimental conditions were obtained using both optimization methods and were set as follows: 30 mg of sample, 300 mg of ChCl:Fru 1:2 DES containing 30% w/w of water, 500 rpm shaking speed, 30 min extraction time, 10°C extraction temperature. The results were compared with those obtained using conventional solvents, such as ethanol, methanol and water, whereby the DES-based shaking-assisted extraction method showed a higher efficiency than the classical procedures. The greenness of the developed method was compared with the greenness of existing procedures for the extraction of polyphenolic substances from solid plant samples using the complementary green analytical procedure index (ComplexGAPI) approach, while the results for the developed method were better or comparable to the existing ones. In addition, the practicability of the developed procedure was evaluated by application of the blue applicability grade index (BAGI) metric. The developed procedure was applied to the determination of spruce root samples with satisfactory results and has the potential for use in the analysis of similar plant samples.

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High-voltage pulse-assisted extraction of flavonoids from kapok using deep eutectic solvent aqueous solutions.

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High-voltage pulse-assisted extraction of flavonoids from kapok using deep eutectic solvent aqueous solutions.

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