Sensory Deprivation and Psychiatric Disorders: Association, Assessment and Management Strategies
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ABSTRACT: Background:
Sensory deprivation (SD) is a widely prevalent condition that leads to
SUBMITTER: Sahoo S
PROVIDER: S-EPMC9460009 | biostudies-literature | 2021 Sep
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Project description:Affective disorders (depression and anxiety), psychosis, impulse control disorders, and apathy are common and sometimes disabling psychiatric conditions in Parkinson disease (PD). Psychiatric aspects of PD are associated with numerous adverse outcomes, yet in spite of this and their high frequency, there remains incomplete understanding of epidemiology, presentation, risk factors, neural substrate, and management strategies. Psychiatric features are typically co- or multimorbid, and there is great intra- and interindividual variability in presentation [1]. The neuropathophysiological changes that occur in PD, as well as the association between PD treatment and particular psychiatric disorders, suggest a neurobiological contribution to many psychiatric symptoms. There is evidence that psychiatric disorders in PD are still under-recognized and undertreated, and although psychotropic medication use is common, randomized controlled trials demonstrating efficacy and tolerability are largely lacking. Future research on neuropsychiatric complications in PD should be oriented toward determining modifiable correlates or risk factors, and most importantly, establishing efficacious and well-tolerated treatment strategies.
| S-EPMC7851231 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Inconsistent evidence exists regarding the strength, direction, and moderators in the relationship between obesity and psychiatric disorders.This study aims to summarize the evidence on the association between psychiatric illness and obesity with particular attention to the strength and direction of association and also the possible moderators in each postulated link.Systematic electronic searches of MEDLINE through PubMed, ScienceDirect, PsycINFO, and Google Scholar were carried out from inception till October 2016. Generated abstracts were screened for eligibility to be included in the review. Study designs that evaluated the strength of relationship between obesity and psychiatric disorders were included in the study. Quality assessment of included studies was done using the Newcastle-Ottawa checklist tool.From a total of 2424 search results, 21 eligible articles were identified and reviewed. These included studies on obesity and depression (n = 15), obesity and anxiety (four) and one each on obesity and personality disorders, eating disorder (ED), attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, and alcohol use. Maximal evidence existed for the association between depression and obesity with longitudinal studies demonstrating a bidirectional link between the two conditions. The odds ratios (ORs) were similar for developing depression in obesity (OR: 1.21-5.8) and vice versa (OR: 1.18-3.76) with a stronger association observed in women. For anxiety disorders, evidence was mostly cross-sectional, and associations were of modest magnitude (OR: 1.27-1.40). Among other disorders, obesity, and EDs appear to have a close link (OR: 4.5). Alcohol use appears to be a risk factor for obesity and not vice versa but only among women (OR: 3.84).Obesity and depression have a significant and bidirectional association. Evidence is modest for anxiety disorders and inadequate for other psychiatric conditions. Gender appears to be an important mediator in these relationships.
| S-EPMC5525483 | biostudies-other
Project description:IntroductionPatients with chronic health conditions, particularly chronic kidney disease, are at heightened risk for psychiatric disorders; yet, there are limited data on those with primary glomerular disease.MethodsThis study included patients with glomerular disease enrolled in the kidney research network multisite patient registry. Registry data include encounter, diagnoses, medication, laboratory, and vital signs data extracted from participants' electronic health records. ICD-9/10 diagnosis codes were used to identify a subset of psychiatric disorders focused on anxiety, mood, and behavioral disorders. Time-varying Cox proportional hazard models were used to analyze time from the onset of kidney disease to diagnosis of psychiatric disorder. Adjusted models retained significant covariates from the full list of potential confounders, including age, sex, race, ethnicity, time-varying treatment, the estimated glomerular filtration rate, and proteinuria (urine protein-to-creatinine ratio [UPCR]). Analogous models examined diagnosis of psychiatric disorder as a predictor of time to end-stage kidney disease (ESKD).ResultsData were available for 950 participants, with a median of 58 months of follow-up. 110 (12%) participants were diagnosed with psychiatric disorder during the follow-up. The estimated rate of psychiatric diagnosis after kidney disease was 14.7 cases per 1,000 person-years and was highest among those of adolescent age at the time of kidney disease diagnosis. Adjusted analyses found adolescent age (vs. adult, hazard ratio [HR] = 3.11, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.87-5.17) and Asian race (vs. white, HR = 0.34, 95% CI 0.16-0.71) were associated with psychiatric diagnosis. A higher UPCR per 1 log unit (HR 1.13, 95% CI 1.01-1.27) and a higher total number of oral medications were associated with psychiatric disorder (p < 0.001). Psychiatric diagnosis was also associated with progression to ESKD (HR = 2.45, 95% CI 1.53-3.92) in adjusted models.Discussion/conclusionPsychiatric disorders were documented in approximately one-eighth of patients with glomerular disease and correlated with clinical disease characteristics such as age, race, proteinuria, and oral medication burden. These findings suggest mental health screening is warranted in patients of all ages with glomerular disease.
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Project description:Genes encoding the mRNA targets of fragile X mental retardation protein (FMRP) are enriched for genetic association with psychiatric disorders. However, many FMRP targets possess functions that are themselves genetically associated with psychiatric disorders, including synaptic transmission and plasticity, making it unclear whether the genetic risk is truly related to binding by FMRP or is alternatively mediated by the sampling of genes better characterised by another trait or functional annotation. Using published common variant, rare coding variant and copy number variant data, we examined the relationship between FMRP binding and genetic association with schizophrenia, major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder. High-confidence targets of FMRP, derived from studies of multiple tissue types, were enriched for common schizophrenia risk alleles, as well as rare loss-of-function and de novo nonsynonymous variants in schizophrenia cases. Similarly, through common variation, FMRP targets were associated with major depressive disorder, and we present novel evidence of association with bipolar disorder. These relationships could not be explained by other functional annotations known to be associated with psychiatric disorders, including those related to synaptic structure and function. This study reinforces the evidence that targeting by FMRP captures a subpopulation of genes enriched for genetic association with a range of psychiatric disorders.
| S-EPMC8505260 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Large-scale genome-wide association studies have consistently shown that genetic variation in CACNA1C, a gene that encodes calcium voltage-gated channel subunit alpha1C, increases risk for psychiatric disorders. CACNA1C encodes the Cav1.2 subunit of voltage-gated calcium channels, which themselves have been functionally implicated in a broad spectrum of neuropsychiatric syndromes. Research has concentrated on uncovering the underlying biological mechanisms that could be responsible for this increased risk. This review presents an overview of recent findings regarding Cacna1c variation in animal models, particularly focusing on behavioral phenotypes associated with neurodevelopmental disorders such as cognition, anxiety and depressive phenotypes, and fear conditioning. The impact of reduced gene dosage of Cacna1c on adult hippocampal neurogenesis is also assessed, including new data from a novel Cacna1c+/- rat model.
| S-EPMC6101623 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Purpose of the reviewTo review the recent literature on mindfulness-based strategies for improving self-report and objective measures of sleep, in individuals with psychiatric disorders.Recent findingsCurrently, research provides some support for the use of mindfulness-based interventions to improve sleep amongst individuals with psychiatric comorbidities. The strongest evidence was for the use of standardized programs, particularly for improving sleep in anxiety and depressive disorders. There is a paucity of well-controlled studies using validated subjective or objective measures of sleep. As these interventions were not specifically designed to target sleep, observed improvements may be an indirect consequence of reduced psychiatric symptoms. There is insufficient research into the application of mindfulness-based strategies to improve sleep or treat sleep disorders in people with psychiatric disorders. Well-controlled studies using standardized, mindfulness-based interventions developed to target sleep, such as mindfulness-based therapy for insomnia, may optimize the potential benefits of mindfulness for sleep in psychiatric populations.
| S-EPMC9633492 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Medicinal chemistry has produced small-molecule agents with drug-like character that potently and safely modulate the activity of discrete endocannabinoid system components as potential treatments for medical disorders, including various psychiatric conditions. Two cannabinoid (CB) receptors (CB1 and CB2) currently represent prime endocannabinoid-system therapeutic targets for ligands that either mimic endocannabinoid signalling processes and/or potentiate endocannabinoid-system activity (agonists) or attenuate pathologically heightened endocannabinoid-system transmission (antagonists). Two endocannabinoid deactivating enzymes, fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) and soluble monoacylglycerol lipase (MGL), are increasingly prominent targets for inhibitors that indirectly potentiate endocannabinoid-system signalling. Continued profiling of drug candidates in relevant disease models, identification of additional cannabinoid-related therapeutic targets, and validation of new pharmacological modes of endocannabinoid system modulation will undoubtedly invite further translational efforts in the cannabinoid field for treating psychiatric disorders and other medical conditions.
| S-EPMC5531754 | biostudies-other
Project description:ObjectiveTrauma has been proposed as a risk factor for the development of psychiatric disorders. This study aimed to determine the causal role of trauma in six common psychiatric disorders.MethodsWe obtained summary-level data for genetic variants associated with trauma and the corresponding association with psychiatric disorders from previous genome-wide association studies. Two-sample Mendelian randomization analyzes were performed to estimate the causal association between trauma and psychiatric disorders, with inverse variance weighted used as the main method.ResultsGenetically predisposed trauma was associated with an increased risk of psychiatric disorders [odds ratio (OR) =1.24, 95%, confidence interval (CI), 1.09-1.40], anxiety disorder (OR = 1.30, 95% CI, 1.10-1.52) and schizophrenia (OR = 1.48, 95% CI, 1.18-1.84). However, the associations between trauma and sleep disorder (OR = 1.17, 95% CI, 1.01-1.35), as well as depression (OR = 1.09, 95% CI, 1.02-1.16) did not reach a Bonferroni corrected significance level. Besides, no association was observed between trauma and risk of bipolar disorder (OR = 1.21, 95% CI, 0.98-1.48) and eating disorder (OR = 1.28, 95% CI, 0.88-1.86).ConclusionTrauma might be causally associated with an increased risk of some common psychiatric disorders such as anxiety disorder and schizophrenia. However, little evidence supported an association between trauma and risk of depression, bipolar disorder, sleep disorder, and eating disorder. Our findings offered novel insights into the trauma-mediated development mechanism of psychiatric disorders, and psychological intervention to patients with trauma may be an effective prevention strategy for psychological diseases.
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