Exertional dyspnoea in cardiorespiratory disorders: the clinical use of cardiopulmonary exercise testing.
Ontology highlight
ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Laveneziana P
PROVIDER: S-EPMC9487217 | biostudies-literature | 2016 Sep
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
Publications
Exertional dyspnoea in cardiorespiratory disorders: the clinical use of cardiopulmonary exercise testing.
Laveneziana Pierantonio P Agostoni Piergiuseppe P
European respiratory review : an official journal of the European Respiratory Society 20160901 141
Similar Datasets
Project description:Activity-related dyspnoea is often the most distressing symptom experienced by patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and can persist despite comprehensive medical management. It is now clear that dyspnoea during physical activity occurs across the spectrum of disease severity, even in those with mild airway obstruction. Our understanding of the nature and source of dyspnoea is incomplete, but current aetiological concepts emphasise the importance of increased central neural drive to breathe in the setting of a reduced ability of the respiratory system to appropriately respond. Since dyspnoea is provoked or aggravated by physical activity, its concurrent measurement during standardised laboratory exercise testing is clearly important. Combining measurement of perceptual and physiological responses during exercise can provide valuable insights into symptom severity and its pathophysiological underpinnings. This review summarises the abnormal physiological responses to exercise in COPD, as these form the basis for modern constructs of the neurobiology of exertional dyspnoea. The main objectives are: 1) to examine the role of cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) in uncovering the physiological mechanisms of exertional dyspnoea in patients with mild-to-moderate COPD; 2) to examine the escalating negative sensory consequences of progressive respiratory impairment with disease advancement; and 3) to build a physiological rationale for individualised treatment optimisation based on CPET.
| S-EPMC9487205 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Myalgic encephalomyelitis / chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) is a syndrome of unknown etiology characterized by profound fatigue exacerbated by physical activity, also known as post-exertional malaise (PEM). Previously, we did not detect evidence of immune dysregulation or virus reactivation outside of PEM periods. Here we sought to determine whether cardiopulmonary exercise stress testing of ME/CFS patients could trigger such changes. ME/CFS patients (n=14) and matched sedentary controls (n=11) were subjected to cardiopulmonary exercise on 2 consecutive days and followed up to 7 days post-exercise, and longitudinal whole blood samples analyzed by RNA-seq. Although ME/CFS patients showed significant worsening of symptoms following exercise versus controls, with 8 of 14 ME/CFS patients showing oxygen consumption (V̇O2) on day 2, transcriptome analysis yielded only 6 differentially expressed gene (DEG) candidates when comparing ME/CFS patients to controls across all time points. None of the DEGs were related to immune signaling, and no DEGs were found in ME/CFS patients before and after exercise. Virome composition (P=0.746 by chi-square test) and number of viral reads (P = 0.098 by paired t-test) were not significantly associated with PEM. These observations do not support transcriptionally-mediated immune cell dysregulation or viral reactivation in ME/CFS patients during symptomatic PEM episodes.
2019-03-09 | GSE128078 | GEO
Project description:BackgroundCardiovascular disease and physical decline are prevalent and associated with morbidity/mortality in liver transplant (LT) patients. Cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPX) provides comprehensive cardiopulmonary and exercise response assessments. We investigated cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and cardiac stress generated during CPX in LT candidates.MethodsLT candidates at 2 centers underwent CPX. Standard-of-care cardiac stress testing (dobutamine stress echocardiography, DSE) results were recorded. Physical function was assessed with liver frailty index and 6-min walk test. CPX/DSE double products were calculated to quantify cardiac stress. To better study the association of CPX-derived metrics with physical function, the cohort was divided into 2 groups based on 6-min walk test median (372 m).ResultsFifty-four participants (62 ± 8 y; 65% men, Model for End-Stage Liver Disease-Na 14 [10-18]) underwent CPX. Peak oxygen consumption was 14.1 mL/kg/min for an anerobic threshold of 10.2 mL/kg/min, with further CRF decline in the lower 6MWT cohort despite lack of liver frailty index-frailty in 90%. DSE was nondiagnostic in 18% versus 4% of CPX (P = 0.058). All CPX were negative for ischemia. A double product of ≥25 000 was observed in 32% of CPX and 11% of DSE (P = 0.020). Respiratory function testing was normal. No patient presented major cardiovascular events at 30 d post-LT.ConclusionsCPX provided efficient and effective combined cardiopulmonary risk and frailty assessments of LT candidates in a 1-stop test. The CRF was found to be very low despite preserved physical function or lack of frailty.
| S-EPMC11576030 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Myalgic encephalomyelitis / chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) is a syndrome of unknown etiology characterized by profound fatigue exacerbated by physical activity, also known as post-exertional malaise (PEM). Previously, we did not detect evidence of immune dysregulation or virus reactivation outside of PEM periods. Here we sought to determine whether cardiopulmonary exercise stress testing of ME/CFS patients could trigger such changes. ME/CFS patients (n = 14) and matched sedentary controls (n = 11) were subjected to cardiopulmonary exercise on 2 consecutive days and followed up to 7 days post-exercise, and longitudinal whole blood samples analyzed by RNA-seq. Although ME/CFS patients showed significant worsening of symptoms following exercise versus controls, with 8 of 14 ME/CFS patients showing reduced oxygen consumption ([Formula: see text]) on day 2, transcriptome analysis yielded only 6 differentially expressed gene (DEG) candidates when comparing ME/CFS patients to controls across all time points. None of the DEGs were related to immune signaling, and no DEGs were found in ME/CFS patients before and after exercise. Virome composition (P = 0.746 by chi-square test) and number of viral reads (P = 0.098 by paired t-test) were not significantly associated with PEM. These observations do not support transcriptionally-mediated immune cell dysregulation or viral reactivation in ME/CFS patients during symptomatic PEM episodes.
| S-EPMC6428308 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundCOPD management is guided by the respiratory symptom burden, assessed using the modified Medical Research Council (mMRC) scale, the COPD Assessment Test (CAT), or both.Research questionWhat are the abilities of mMRC and CAT to detect abnormally high exertional breathlessness on incremental cardiopulmonary cycle exercise testing (CPET) in people with COPD?Study design and methodsAnalysis of people aged ≥ 40 years with FEV1 to FVC ratio of < 0.70 after bronchodilator administration and ≥ 10 pack-years of smoking from the Canadian Cohort Obstructive Lung Disease study. Abnormal exertional breathlessness was defined as a breathlessness (Borg scale 0-10) intensity rating more than the upper limit of normal at the symptom-limited peak of CPET using normative reference equations.ResultsWe included 318 people with COPD (40% female) with a mean (SD) age of 66.5 (9.3) years and FEV1 of 79.5% predicted (19.0% predicted); 26% showed abnormally low exercise capacity (peak oxygen uptake less than the lower limit of normal). Abnormally high exertional breathlessness was present in 24%, including 9% and 11% of people with mMRC score of 0 and CAT score of < 10, respectively. An mMRC score of ≥ 2 and CAT score of ≥ 10 was most specific (95%) to detect abnormal exertional breathlessness, but showed low sensitivity of only 12%. Accuracy for all scale cutoffs or combinations was < 65%. Compared with people with true-negatives findings, people with abnormal exertional breathlessness but low mMRC score, low CAT scores (false-negatives findings), or both showed worse self-reported and physiologic outcomes during CPET, were more likely to have physician-diagnosed COPD, but were not more likely to be taking any respiratory medication (37% vs 30%; mean difference, 6.1%; 95% CI, -7.2 to 19.4; P= .36).InterpretationIn COPD, mMRC and CAT showed low concordance with CPET and failed to identify many people with abnormally high exertional breathlessness.Clinical trial registryClinicalTrials.gov; No.: NCT00920348; URL: www.Clinicaltrialsgov.
| S-EPMC11882773 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundThe order and extent of interactions across the factors affecting exertional dyspnoea (ED) and exercise intolerance (EI) in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are not clear. We hypothesized that lung and non-lung variables were the primary variables, ED was the secondary variable and EI was the tertiary variable.MethodsData on demographics, blood tests, cardiac imaging, lung function tests and invasive dead space fractions (VD/VT) during incremental exercise test of 46 male COPD subjects were obtained. These variables were categorized by factor analysis and pair-wise correlation analysis was conducted. The best factor of each category was selected and then multivariate regression was conducted.ResultsPeak tidal inspiratory flow (VT/TIpeak), VD/VTpeak and tidal lung expansion capability, and resting diffusing capacity of the lungs (DLCO)% predicted were the primary pulmonary factors most related to ED, whereas body mass index (BMI), haemoglobin and cholesterol levels were the primary non-pulmonary factors. In multivariate regression analysis, VT/TIpeak, VD/VTpeak and DLCO% were the primary factors most related to ED (r2 = 0.69); ED was most related to EI (r = -0.74 to -0.83).ConclusionUsing hierarchical stratification and statistical methods may improve understanding of the pathophysiology of ED and EI in patients with COPD. KEY MESSAGESThe pathophysiology of exertional dyspnoea (ED) and exercise intolerance (EI) in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is complex. The order and extent of interactions across factors are not clear. In multivariate regression analysis, we found that tidal inspiratory flow, dead space fraction and resting diffusing capacity of the lungs % but not the non-pulmonary factors affected ED.Using correlation coefficients, we further found that ED was the secondary variable and EI was the tertiary variable.Hierarchical stratification of the important factors associated with ED and EI in patients with COPD clarifies their relationships and could be incorporated into management programmes and outcome studies for these patients.
| S-EPMC9629069 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundPrecision and accuracy assurance in cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) facilitates multicenter clinical trials by maximizing statistical power and minimizing participant risk. Current guidelines recommend quality control that is largely based on precision at individual testing centers (minimizing test-retest variability). The aim of this study was to establish a multicenter biological quality control (BioQC) method that considers both precision and accuracy in CPET.MethodsBioQC testing was 6-min treadmill walking at 20 W and 70 W (below the lactate threshold) with healthy non-smoking laboratory staff (15 centers; ~16 months). Measurements were made twice within the initial 4 weeks and quarterly thereafter. Quality control was based on: 1) within-center precision (coefficient of variation [CV] for oxygen uptake [V̇O2], carbon dioxide output [V̇CO2], and minute ventilation [V̇E] within ±10%); and 2) a criterion that V̇O2 at 20 W and 70 W, and ∆V̇O2/∆WR were each within ±10 % predicted. "Failed" BioQC tests (i.e., those outside the predetermined criterion) prompted troubleshooting and repeated measurements. An additional retrospective analysis, using a composite z-score combining both BioQC precision and accuracy of V̇O2 at 70 W and ∆V̇O2/∆WR, was compared with the other methods.ResultsOf 129 tests (5 to 8 per center), 98 (76%) were accepted by within-center precision alone. Within-center CV was <9%, but between-center CV remained high (9.6 to 12.5%). Only 43 (33%) tests had all V̇O2 measurements within the ±10% predicted criterion. However, a composite z-score of 0.67 identified 67 (52%) non-normal outlying tests, exclusion of which coincided with the minimum CV for CPET variables.ConclusionsStudy-wide BioQC using a composite z-score can increase study-wide precision and accuracy, and optimize the design and conduct of multicenter clinical trials involving CPET.Trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT01072396; February 19, 2010.
| S-EPMC4715309 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) has become an important clinical tool to evaluate exercise capacity and predict outcome in patients with heart failure and other cardiac conditions. It provides assessment of the integrative exercise responses involving the pulmonary, cardiovascular and skeletal muscle systems, which are not adequately reflected through the measurement of individual organ system function. CPET is being used increasingly in a wide spectrum of clinical applications for evaluation of undiagnosed exercise intolerance and for objective determination of functional capacity and impairment. This review focuses on the exercise physiology and physiological basis for functional exercise testing and discusses the methodology, indications, contraindications and interpretation of CPET in normal people and in patients with heart failure.
| S-EPMC2000933 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundIsolated small airway abnormalities may be demonstrable at rest in patients with normal spirometry; however, the relationship of these abnormalities to exertional symptoms remains uncertain. This study uses an augmented cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET) to include evaluation of small airway function during and following exercise to unmask abnormalities not evident with standard testing in individuals with dyspnoea and normal spirometry.MethodsThree groups of subjects were studied: 1) World Trade Center (WTC) dust exposure (n=20); 2) Clinical Referral (n=15); and Control (n=13). Baseline evaluation included respiratory oscillometry. Airway function during an incremental workload CPET was assessed by: 1) tidal flow versus volume curves during exercise to assess for dynamic hyperinflation and expiratory flow limitation; and 2) post-exercise spirometry and oscillometry to evaluate for airway hyperreactivity.ResultsAll subjects demonstrated normal baseline forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1)/forced vital capacity (FVC). Dyspnoea was reproduced during CPET in WTC and Clinical Referral groups versus Control without abnormality in respiratory pattern and minute ventilation. Tidal flow-volume curves uncovered expiratory flow limitation and/or dynamic hyperinflation with increased prevalence in WTC and Clinical Referral versus Control (55%, 87% versus 15%; p<0.001). Post-exercise oscillometry uncovered small airway hyperreactivity with increased prevalence in WTC and Clinical Referral versus Control (40%, 47% versus 0%, p<0.05).ConclusionsWe uncovered mechanisms for exertional dyspnoea in subject with normal spirometry that was attributable to either small airway dysfunction during exercise and/or small airway hyperreactivity following exercise. The similarity of findings in WTC environmentally exposed and clinically referred cohorts suggests broad relevance for these evaluations.
| S-EPMC10240305 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Most children diagnosed with asthma have respiratory symptoms such as cough, dyspnoea and wheezing, which are also important markers of overall respiratory function. A decade of genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have investigated genetic susceptibility to asthma itself, but few have focused on important respiratory symptoms that characterise childhood asthma.Using whole-genome sequencing (WGS) data for 894 asthmatic trios from a Costa Rican cohort, we performed family-based association tests (FBATs) to assess the association between genetic variants and multiple asthma-relevant respiratory phenotypes: cough, phlegm, wheezing, exertional dyspnoea and exertional chest tightness. We tested whether genome-wide significant associations were replicated in two additional studies: 1) 286 asthmatic trios from the Childhood Asthma Management Program (CAMP), and 2) 2691 African American current or former smokers from the COPDGene study.In the 894 Costa Rican trios, we identified a genome-wide significant association (p=2.16×10-9) between exertional dyspnoea and the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs10165869, located on chromosome 2q37.3, that was replicated in the CAMP cohort (p=0.023) with the same direction of association (combined p=3.28×10-10). This association was not found in the African American participants from COPDGene. We also found suggestive evidence for an association between SNP rs10165869 and the atypical chemokine receptor 3 (ACKR3).Our finding encourages the secondary association analysis of a wider range of phenotypes that characterise respiratory symptoms in other airway diseases/studies.
| S-EPMC8185954 | biostudies-literature