Cationic Copolymers of Norbornylized Seed Oils for Fiber-Reinforced Composite Applications
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PROVIDER: S-EPMC9520558 | biostudies-literature | 2022 Sep
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Project description:The development of an energy-saving method to recycle expensive carbon fibers (CFs) from end-of-life thermosetting resin-based CF-reinforced composites (CFRCs) is strongly desired because of the environmental and economic issues. The replacement of traditional thermosetting matrixes with controllably degradable epoxy resins provides a promising solution to this challenging task. In this work, a liquid acetal-containing semi-cycloaliphatic epoxy resin (H-ER) is designed and synthesized. After curing, H-ER shows simultaneously increased thermal stability, shearing strength, flexural strength, strain at break, and critical stress intensity factors by 126%, 26.5%, 17.0%, and 29.5%, respectively, in comparison with ERL-4221. Particularly, the cured H-ER is sufficiently resistant to organic solvents, bases, and weak acids but degrades rapidly in a modestly strong acidic aqueous solution, and the rate of degradation is controlled by modulating the acidity. GC-MS and FTIR spectra demonstrate that the degradation is indeed due to the cleavage of acetal linkages in the network, and the degradation-generated benzaldehyde may be reused as a raw material for the synthesis of the H-ER resin. More importantly, for the CFRCs using H-ER as a matrix, the CFs are readily recovered without detectable damage and are able to be recycled for CFRC fabrication.
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Project description:Melt-spun surface structured fiber could be a large-scale versatile platform for materials with advanced surface function and local properties. Fibers with distinct surface and bulk structures are developed by tailoring the viscosity ratio and blend ratio of polymer component using the melt-spinning method. Spherical bulge and fibril groove structured fibers are obtained in different viscosity ratio and blend ratio systems. The interfacial bonding between fiber and matrix is improved due to the mechanical interlocking between the structured surface and matrix. The low-viscosity second phase stays as a spherical droplet even in high content. The second phase in matched- and high-viscosity ratio cases is deformed into fibril like droplet which causes an in-situ fibration of the second phase in polymer blend fiber with an enhanced mechanical property. This method provides a simple route to developing polymer materials with surface structure and appropriate mechanical properties to apply in textile and polymer fiber-reinforced composite materials.
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Project description:An insect repellent composite containing tiger nut particulate fibre, waste low density polyethene (LDPE) and castor oil alkyd resin was fabricated. Canarium schweinfurthii gum was used as insect repellent compound and maleic anhydride as compatibilizer. The tiger nut chaff was subjected to benzoylation using benzoyl chloride to increase the fibre-matrix interaction. The compound and composition was then moulded with LDPE as dual matrices for excellent physico-mechanical properties (pressed for 5 min, 130 °C and 25 bar and cured). The 10 wt.% treated composite exhibited a minimum water absorption of ~ 0.085%, optimal chemical resistance for both acids (HCl and H2SO4) and bases (NaOH and KOH) and no effect on thickness. Density measurement showed the lowest value of ~ 0.0096 g/cm3 for the treated fibre composite. However, the tensile strength, flexural stress, hardness and impact load were improved up to 35.08 Mpa, 456.3 Mpa, 95 and 730 J/m respectively with treated composites. Insect repellent tests against termites and cockroaches show repellent activity with time intervals. FTIR and SEM analysis showed fibre modification achieved.
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Project description:ObjectivesTo evaluate the biocompatibility and mechanical properties of experimental bis-phenol-A and bis-GMA free E-glass fiber-reinforced composites (FRCs) prepared with hexanediol dimethacrylate (HDDMA) based resin.MethodsTwo ratios of HDDMA/TEGDMA resin were evaluated: exp-1 (70/30 wt.%) and exp-2 (50/50 wt.%) with two bis-GMA resin control groups (bis-GMA/MMA and bis-GMA/TEGDMA resins, both 70/30 wt.%). E-glass fibers were embedded into the resins to prepare FRCs specimens. Biocompatibility was assessed for cytoviability and biofilm formation with Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus sanguinis, Enterococcus faecalis, and Candida albicans. Mechanical properties were evaluated for flexural strength and hardness (24 h, water storage 1 and 28 days), water sorption (1, 7, 14, and 28 days), contact angle, and surface roughness. The data were analyzed statistically by one-way and two-way ANOVA (p < 0.05).ResultsCytoviability of the experimental groups was significantly higher than the control groups (p < 0.05). The exp-1 cytoviability (98.2 ± 1.3%) met the ISO 10993-5 standard requirement for noncytotoxic materials. The adherence of bacteria to the experimental FRCs was visibly less than the controls, while Candida albicans adhered visibly more to the experimental groups than the controls (p < 0.05). Flexural strength showed slightly higher values for controls than for the experimental groups. The exp-1 hardness value was significantly higher in the control groups for all storage conditions (p < 0.05). The water sorption of the experimental groups was significantly higher than the controls. The surface roughness indicated no significant difference (p = 0.87). The exp-1 showed a higher contact angle with the control groups.ConclusionThe experimental HDDMA/TEGDMA-based FRCs might be potential alternatives for bis-GMA-based FRCs.Clinical significanceThe HDDMA/TEGDMA E-glass FRCs might provide biocompatible restorations.
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