Safety and efficacy of endovascular thrombectomy in patients with severe cerebral venous thrombosis: A meta-analysis
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ABSTRACT: Background
Cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT) is a rare thrombotic condition which is traditionally
SUBMITTER: Nepal G
PROVIDER: S-EPMC9530583 | biostudies-literature | 2022 Jan
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Project description:BackgroundCerebral sinus venous thrombosis (CSVT) has traditionally been treated medically with systemic anticoagulation. Recent advances in endovascular therapy (EVT) may represent an alternative treatment to medical therapy for CSVT. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the use of EVT for CSVT.MethodsWe conducted a systematic literature review using PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science. We included studies that reported outcomes following EVT for CSVT. The primary outcome of interest was rate of modified Rankin Scale (mRS) 0-2. Secondary outcomes of interest were rates of complete, partial, and failed recanalization, mortality, and new or expansion of hematoma. We calculated pooled rates (%) and their corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs).ResultsThirty-eight studies with 682 patients were included. Rate of mRS 0-2 was 82.6% (95% CI, 75.3%-88.0%). Rate of complete recanalization was 60.9% (95% CI, 49.1%-71.5%), rate of partial recanalization was 34.2% (95% CI, 24.1%-45.9%), and rate of failed recanalization was 5.4% (95% CI, 3.1%-9.2%). Rate of mortality was 6.7% (95% CI, 4.1%-10.8%), and rate of new hematoma or expansion of hematoma was 5.1% (2.9%-8.8%).ConclusionsIn this systematic review and meta-analysis, EVT for CSVT was associated with favorable rates of mRS 0-2 and recanalization. Furthermore, EVT was associated with a promising safety profile. Future prospective, comparative studies are warranted to assess EVT for CSVT.
| S-EPMC11559896 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVST) is a rare cause of cerebral infarction. Once patients survive the acute phase, long-term prognosis is generally satisfactory. CVST patients who harbored risk factors known for poor prognosis (e.g., deterioration of consciousness/neurological functions and seizures) were oftentimes unresponsive to systemic heparin treatment. The advantage of combined endovascular mechanical thrombectomy (EMT) and on-site chemical thrombolysis (OCT) plus systemic heparin for CVST over the heparin treatment alone has not been proved. A retrospective study was conducted to analyze consecutive patients with CVST from 2005 to 2015. Patients having clinical improvement or stable disease after heparin treatment were in I/S group; patients having continuous deterioration of consciousness/neurological functions and refractory seizures (despite the use of multiple anti-epileptic drugs) after heparin treatment were in D group. EMT and OCT were indicated for patients in D group. Imaging studies and medical records were reviewed for statistical analysis. Safety issues included new-onset/progression of symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhages (ICH) or procedure-related complications. Total thirty patients were included (I/S group = 16; D group = 14). In D group, the mean time frame from the start of heparin treatment to the endovascular treatment was 3.2 days. Compared with I/S group, all patients in D group had complete stenosis of the sinuses, with higher initial mRS, lower initial GCS, and more seizures (p = 0.006, 0.007, and 0.031, respectively), but no significant differences in the mRS at discharge (p = 0.504). Shorter length of thrombosis and lower initial mRS were associated with better outcomes (p = 0.009 and 0.003, respectively). Thrombosis involving the superior sagittal sinus (SSS) was associated with bad outcomes (p = 0.026). There were two patients (6.7%) with worsening symptomatic ICH, one in each group, managed surgically. The overall mortality of the study was 6.7% (2/30). Combined EMT and OCT after heparin treatment for severe CVST were reasonably safe, which might be considered as a salvage treatment in severe CVST patients who are unresponsive to heparin with heavy clot burden involving SSS in the acute phase. However, further studies are needed to confirm its efficacy and validity.
| S-EPMC7080812 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundCerebral venous thrombosis (CVT) is a rare condition that presents with significant treatment challenges and has traditionally been managed with anticoagulation. However, for patients who fail anticoagulation or present with severe symptoms, endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) has emerged as a favorable treatment modality. This study examines the outcomes, complications, and comorbidities associated with EVT in patients with CVT.MethodsA query of the 2015-2019 National (Nationwide) Inpatient Sample was performed for patients admitted to hospitals with ICD-10 diagnosis codes for CVT and ICD-10 procedure codes for usage of EVT. Demographic information, baseline comorbidities, complications, and discharge dispositions were compared between patients who underwent EVT and those who were managed medically.ResultsA total of 36,005 patients diagnosed with CVT were identified from 2015(Q4) to 2019. Of these patients, 325 (0.9%) received EVT. Patients who underwent EVT were older (<0.001), more likely to be female (p = 0.016), and had higher rates of diabetes mellitus (p = 0.012), hypertension (p < 0.001), and obesity (p < 0.001). These patients also presented with more severe neurological symptoms, including higher National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale scores (p < 0.001), coma (p < 0.001), and cerebral edema (p < 0.001). Patients undergoing EVT had a higher incidence of in-hospital mortality (p = 0.007) and were less likely to be discharged routinely (p < 0.001).ConclusionsThis study found that patients with CVT who underwent EVT were older, more likely to be female, and presented with more severe neurological conditions. After controlling for severity, EVT in patients with CVT was associated with significant risks, including higher rates of complications and inpatient mortality. Although EVT is associated with significant risks, the findings of this study suggest that its outcomes may reflect the severity of the underlying condition rather than the procedure itself. Careful patient selection and individualized management strategies are essential for optimizing outcomes in this high-risk population.
| S-EPMC11791959 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundEndovascular therapy (EVT) for severe cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVST) is controversial in terms of indication and clinical benefit. The impact of delay of EVT on functional recovery is unclear. This study aimed to investigate the effect of early versus late initiation of EVT in severe CVST.MethodsFrom prospective EVT and CVST registries, patients with CVST diagnosed between January 2010 and December 2022 were retrospectively identified for this multicenter collaboration. EVT was considered in severe CVST with features prone to a poor prognosis. We compared early (< 24 h) with late (> 24 h) initiation of EVT after the presentation in the emergency department and subsequent CVST diagnosis. Outcome parameters included functional independence (modified Rankin Scale [mRS] score 0-2) at 90 days, mRS score at discharge, in-hospital mortality, and mortality at 3 months.ResultsOf 363 patients with CVST, 45 (12.4%; 31 [early EVT] vs. 14 [late EVT]) were included in this study. We found a higher proportion of patients with functional independence at 3 months among early versus late EVT (66.7% vs. 27.3%; odds ratio [OR] 5.3; 95% confidence interval 1.02-25; p = 0.036). In multivariate logistic regression, late EVT was inversely correlated with functional independence (OR 0.17 [0.04-0.83]; p = 0.011). The mortality rate was 16.7% versus 36.4% (mRS 6 at 3 months, OR 0.34, 95% confidence interval 0.07-1.75; p = 0.217) at 90 days for early versus late EVT.ConclusionsWe observed a higher rate of functional independence in patients with early EVT. These preliminary findings must be confirmed in subsequent randomized controlled trials evaluating a "time-is-brain" paradigm for EVT in CVST.
| S-EPMC11599360 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Endovascular therapy of cerebral venous thrombosis using modern approaches to intracranial recanalization, such as stent retrievers and aspiration thrombectomy, is not well described. We performed a retrospective review of data for consecutive patients with venous sinus thrombosis who underwent endovascular treatment between 1 January 2010 and 31 December 2013 at participating institutions. We identified a total of 13 patients with a diagnosis of cerebral venous thrombosis. The most frequently utilized type of endovascular intervention was the Penumbra aspiration system (Penumbra Inc., Alameda, California, USA) (nine cases), followed by local infusion of tissue plasminogen activator (bolus and/or drip in six cases) and stent retrievers (Solitaire FR (Covidien, Irvine, California, USA) in three cases and Trevo (Stryker, Kalamazoo, Michigan, USA) in one case). Overall, multimodality treatment (two or more different types of devices or approaches) was performed in 62% of cases. Follow-up data were available for 11 patients; of those, five had a favorable clinical outcome (defined as modified Rankin Scale score of 0-2) and three patients died. Various endovascular approaches are utilized in current clinical practice. A multimodal approach to endovascular therapy for the treatment of cerebral venous thrombosis resulted in partial or complete restoration of flow in all cases, yet the mortality rate of 27% indicates the need for improvement in recanalization strategies for this disorder.
| S-EPMC4757317 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Anticoagulant treatment of pediatric cerebral venous thrombosis has not been evaluated in randomized trials. We evaluated the safety and efficacy of rivaroxaban and standard anticoagulants in the predefined subgroup of children with cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT) who participated in the EINSTEIN-Jr trial. Children with CVT were randomized (2:1), after initial heparinization, to treatment with rivaroxaban or standard anticoagulants (continued on heparin or switched to vitamin K antagonist). The main treatment period was 3 months. The primary efficacy outcome, symptomatic recurrent venous thromboembolism (VTE), and principal safety outcome, major or clinically relevant nonmajor bleeding,were centrally evaluated by blinded investigators. Sinus recanalization on repeat brain imaging was a secondary outcome. Statistical analyses were exploratory. In total, 114 children with confirmed CVT were randomized. All children completed the follow-up. None of the 73 rivaroxaban recipients and 1 (2.4%; CVT) of the 41 standard anticoagulant recipients had symptomatic, recurrent VTE after 3 months (absolute difference, 2.4%; 95% confidence interval [CI], -2.6% to 13.5%). Clinically relevant bleeding occurred in 5 (6.8%; all nonmajor and noncerebral) rivaroxaban recipients and in 1 (2.5%; major [subdural] bleeding) standard anticoagulant recipient (absolute difference, 4.4%; 95% CI, -6.7% to 13.4%). Complete or partial sinus recanalization occurred in 18 (25%) and 39 (53%) rivaroxaban recipients and in 6 (15%) and 24 (59%) standard anticoagulant recipients, respectively. In summary, in this substudy of a randomized trial with a limited sample size, children with CVT treated with rivaroxaban or standard anticoagulation had a low risk of recurrent VTE and clinically relevant bleeding. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as #NCT02234843.
| S-EPMC7756994 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Cerebral venous thrombosis is a rare cause of stroke that poses diagnostic, therapeutic, and prognostic challenges. Mainstay treatment is systemic anticoagulation, but endovascular treatment is increasingly advocated. Our objectives were to describe the epidemiology, treatment, and prognosis of 152 patients with cerebral venous thrombosis. This was a retrospective study of consecutive cerebral venous thrombosis cases from 2006 to 2013 at a comprehensive stroke center through hospital discharge. Predictors of full recovery (modified Rankin Scale scores 0-1) were analyzed with multiple logistic regression and presented as adjusted odds ratios (AORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). The population was young (average age: 42 years), majority female (69%), and commonly presenting with cerebral edema (63%), and 72% were transferred in. All patients received systemic anticoagulation; 49% (n=73) required endovascular treatment. Reasons for requiring endovascular treatment included cerebral edema, herniation, or hemorrhagic infarct (n=38); neurologic decline (n=17); rethrombosis, persistent occlusion, or clot propagation (n=10); extensive clot burden (n=7); and persistent headache despite anticoagulation (n=1). There were 7 (10%) procedural complications. Recanalization was successful (61%), partial (30%), and unsuccessful (9%). Overall, 60% fully recovered. Positive predictors of full recovery included hormonal etiology, particularly for patients who were transferred in (AOR: 7.06 [95% CI, 2.27-21.96], interaction P=0.03) and who had migraine history (AOR: 4.87 [95% CI, 1.01-23.50], P=0.05), whereas negative predictors of full recovery were cerebral edema (AOR: 0.11 [95% CI, 0.04-0.34], P<0.001) and motor weakness (AOR: 0.28 [95% CI, 0.09-0.96], P=0.04). As one of the largest cohort studies, our findings suggest that cerebral edema, history of migraine, and hormonal etiology were prognostic and that endovascular treatment might be a safe and effective treatment for cerebral venous thrombosis when conventional management is inadequate.
| S-EPMC5669171 | biostudies-literature
Project description:IntroductionCerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVST) after coronavirus (COVID-19) vaccination has been reported. There are no data about thrombosis risk in prior CVST patients. The objective of the study was to describe short-term serious adverse events to COVID-19 vaccines in patients with history of CVST.Material and methodsWe present an observational prospective study of patients with known CVST who received COVID-19 vaccination. Serious event rates within 30 days after second dose vaccination (except one dose for Janssen) were evaluated, including recurrences, hospital admission and death.ResultsThe 62 vaccinated patients received: BNT162b2 (Pfizer-BioNTech) in 43 patients (69.4%), mRNA-1273 (Moderna) in 7 patients (11.3%), AZD1222 (ChAdOx1) in 7 patients (11.3%) and Ad26.COV2.S (Janssen) in 5 patients (8.1%). There were no thrombotic recurrences within 30 days of vaccination (95% confidence interval, 0.0-5.8). There was one death (1.6%), not attributable to the vaccine.ConclusionsCOVID-19 vaccines are safe for previous CVST patients.
| S-EPMC8651485 | biostudies-literature
Project description:IntroductionCerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVST) after coronavirus (COVID-19) vaccination has been reported. There are no data about thrombosis risk in prior CVST patients. The objective of the study was to describe short-term serious adverse events to COVID-19 vaccines in patients with history of CVST.Material and methodsWe present an observational prospective study of patients with known CVST who received COVID-19 vaccination. Serious event rates within 30 days after second dose vaccination (except one dose for Janssen) were evaluated, including recurrences, hospital admission and death.ResultsThe 62 vaccinated patients received: BNT162b2 (Pfizer-BioNTech) in 43 patients (69.4%), mRNA-1273 (Moderna) in 7 patients (11.3%), AZD1222 (ChAdOx1) in 7 patients (11.3%) and Ad26.COV2.S (Janssen) in 5 patients (8.1%). There were no thrombotic recurrences within 30 days of vaccination (95% confidence interval, 0.0-5.8). There was one death (1.6%), not attributable to the vaccine.ConclusionsCOVID-19 vaccines are safe for previous CVST patients.
| S-EPMC8651485 | biostudies-literature
Project description:IntroductionCerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVST) after coronavirus (COVID-19) vaccination has been reported. There are no data about thrombosis risk in prior CVST patients. The objective of the study was to describe short-term serious adverse events to COVID-19 vaccines in patients with history of CVST.Material and methodsWe present an observational prospective study of patients with known CVST who received COVID-19 vaccination. Serious event rates within 30 days after second dose vaccination (except one dose for Janssen) were evaluated, including recurrences, hospital admission and death.ResultsThe 62 vaccinated patients received: BNT162b2 (Pfizer-BioNTech) in 43 patients (69.4%), mRNA-1273 (Moderna) in 7 patients (11.3%), AZD1222 (ChAdOx1) in 7 patients (11.3%) and Ad26.COV2.S (Janssen) in 5 patients (8.1%). There were no thrombotic recurrences within 30 days of vaccination (95% confidence interval, 0.0-5.8). There was one death (1.6%), not attributable to the vaccine.ConclusionsCOVID-19 vaccines are safe for previous CVST patients.
| S-EPMC8651485 | biostudies-literature