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A photoelectrochemical immunosensor based on magnetic all-solid-state Z-scheme heterojunction for SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein detection.

ABSTRACT: Rapid, convenient and accurate detection of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is urgently needed to timely diagnosis of coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19) and control of the epidemic. In this study, a signal-off photoelectrochemical (PEC) immunosensor was constructed for SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid (N) protein detection based on a magnetic all-solid-state Z-scheme heterojunction (Fe₃O₄@SiO₂@TiO₂@CdS/Au, FSTCA). Integrating the advantages of magnetic materials and all-solid-state Z-scheme heterostructures, FSTCA was implemented to ligate the capture antibody to form magnetic capture probe (FSTCA/Ab₁). It can simplify the separation and washing process to improve reproducibility and stability, while allowing immune recognition to be performed in the liquid phase instead of the traditional solid-liquid interface to improve anti-interference. Besides, the heterojunction inhibited the recombination of photogenerated electron/hole (e^-/h⁺) and promoted the light absorption to provide superior photoelectric substrate signal. The mechanism of photogenerated e^-/h⁺ transfer of FSTCA were investigated by the electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy. SiO₂ spheres loaded with Au NPs utilized as an efficient signal quencher. The steric hindrance effect of SiO₂@Au labeled detection antibodies (SiO₂@Au-Ab₂) conjugates significantly diminished light absorption and hindered the transfer of photogenerated electrons, further amplifying the signal change value. Based on the above merits, the elaborated immunosensor had a wide linear range of 10 pg mL^-1-100 ng mL^-1 and a low detection limit down to 2.9 pg mL^-1 (S/N = 3). The fabricated PEC immunosensor demonstrated strong anti-interference, easy operation, and high sensitivity, showing enormous potential in clinical diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2.

SUBMITTER: Guo A

PROVIDER: S-EPMC9532269 | biostudies-literature | 2023 Jan

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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A photoelectrochemical immunosensor based on magnetic all-solid-state Z-scheme heterojunction for SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein detection.

Guo Aijiao A Pei Fubin F Feng Shasha S Hu Wei W Zhang Pengjie P Xia Mingzhu M Mu Xihui X Tong Zhaoyang Z Wang Fengyun F Liu Bing B

Sensors and actuators. B, Chemical 20221005

Rapid, convenient and accurate detection of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is urgently needed to timely diagnosis of coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19) and control of the epidemic. In this study, a signal-off photoelectrochemical (PEC) immunosensor was constructed for SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid (N) protein detection based on a magnetic all-solid-state Z-scheme heterojunction (Fe3O4@SiO2@TiO2@CdS/Au, FSTCA). Integrating the advan ...[more]

PMID: 36213178

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Project description:Since the COVID-19 disease caused by the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS- CoV-2) was declared a pandemic, it has spread rapidly, causing one of the most serious outbreaks in the last century. Reliable and rapid diagnostic tests for COVID-19 are crucial to control and manage the outbreak. Here, a label-free square wave voltammetry-based biosensing platform for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 in nasopharyngeal samples is reported. The sensor was constructed on screen-printed carbon electrodes coated with gold nanoparticles. The electrodes were functionalized using 11-mercaptoundecanoic acid (MUA) which was used for the immobilization of an antibody against SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein (N protein). The binding of the immunosensor with the N protein caused a change in the electrochemical signal. The detection was realised by measuring the change in reduction peak current of a redox couple using square wave voltammetry at 0.04 V versus Ag ref. electrode on the immunosensor upon binding with the N protein. The electrochemical immunosensor showed high sensitivity with a linear range from 1.0 pg.mL-1 to 100 ng.mL-1 and a limit of detection of 0.4 pg.mL-1 for the N protein in PBS buffer pH 7.4. Moreover, the immunosensor did not exhibit significant response with other viruses such as HCoV, MERS-CoV, Flu A and Flu B, indicating the high selectivity of the sensor for SARS-CoV-2. However, cross reactivity of the biosensor with SARS-CoV is indicated, which gives ability of the sensor to detect both SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2. The biosensor was successfully applied to detect the SARS-CoV-2 virus in clinical samples showing good correlation between the biosensor response and the RT-PCR cycle threshold values. We believe that the capability of miniaturization, low-cost and fast response of the proposed label-free electrochemical immunosensor will facilitate the point-of-care diagnosis of COVID 19 and help prevent further spread of infection.

Dataset Information

A photoelectrochemical immunosensor based on magnetic all-solid-state Z-scheme heterojunction for SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein detection.

Publications

A photoelectrochemical immunosensor based on magnetic all-solid-state Z-scheme heterojunction for SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein detection.

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